- Abkhaz: Афганистан (Afganistʼan), Афӷанисҭан (Afğanistan), Афӷантәыла (Afğantʷʼəla)
- Adyghe: Афганистан (Afɣanistan)
- Afrikaans: Afghanistan (af)
- Albanian:
- Gheg: Afghanistan m
- Tosk: Afganistani (sq) m, Afganistan (sq) m (indefinite)
- Amharic: አፍጋኒስታን (ʾäfganistan)
- Arabic: أَفْغَانِسْتَان (ar) f (ʔafḡānistān)
- Aragonese: Afganistán
- Armenian: Աֆղանստան (hy) (Afłanstan)
- Assamese: আফগানিস্তান (aphganistan)
- Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܲܦ̮ܓ݂ܵܢܸܣܛܵܢ f (āfḡanisṭan)
- Asturian: Afganistán (ast)
- Azerbaijani: Əfqanıstan (az)
- Cyrillic: Әфганыстан
- Bashkir: Афғанстан (Afğanstan)
- Basque: Afganistan (eu)
- Belarusian: Афганіста́н m (Afhanistán), Аўганіста́н m (Aŭhanistán) (Taraškievica)
- Bengali: আফগানিস্তান (bn) (aphganistan)
- Bihari: अफ़ग़ानिस्तान
- Bishnupriya Manipuri: আফগানিস্তান
- Brahui: Aoģánistán
- Breton: Afghanistan
- Bulgarian: Афганиста́н (bg) m (Afganistán)
- Burmese: အာဖဂန်နစ်စတန် (ahpa.gannacca.tan)
- Buryat: Афганистан (Afganistan)
- Catalan: l’Afganistan (ca) m
- Cebuano: Afghanistan, Apganistan
- Chechen: Овгӏан (Owğan)
- Cherokee: ᎠᏫᎨᏂᏍᏖᏂ (awigenisteni)
- Chinese:
- Cantonese: 阿富汗 (aa3 fu3 hon6, o1 fu3 hon6)
- Hakka: 阿富汗 (Â-fu-hon)
- Mandarin: 阿富汗 (zh) (Āfùhàn); 愛烏罕／爱乌罕 (Àiwūhǎn) (historically)
- Min Dong: 阿富汗 (Ŏ̤-hô-gâng)
- Min Nan: 阿富汗 (A-hù-hān)
- Wu: 阿富汗 (1a-fu-hhoe)
- Chuvash: Афганистан (Afganistan)
- Cornish: Afghanistan
- Crimean Tatar: Afğanistan
- Czech: Afgánistán m, Afghánistán (cs) m
- Danish: Afghanistan (da) n
- Dhivehi: އަފްޣާނިސްތާން (afġānistān̊)
- Doteli: अफगानिस्तान (aphagānistān)
- Dutch: Afghanistan (nl) n
- Dzongkha: ཨཕ་ག་ནིསི་ཏཱན་ (aph ga nisi tān)
- Erzya: Афганистан (Afgańistan)
- Esperanto: Afganio, Afganistano, Afganujo
- Estonian: Afganistan (et)
- Extremaduran: Afganistán
- Farefare: Afɣanistã
- Faroese: Afganistan (fo) n
- Finnish: Afganistan (fi)
- Franco-Provençal: Afganistan
- French: Afghanistan (fr) m
- Friulian: Afghanistan
- Gagauz: Afganistan
- Galician: Afganistán (gl) m
- Georgian: ავღანეთი (ka) (avɣaneti)
- German: Afghanistan (de) n
- Alemannic German: Afganischtan
- Greek: Αφγανιστάν (el) n (Afganistán)
- Guaraní: Ahyganitã
- Gujarati: અફગાનિસ્તાન (aphagānistān)
- Haitian Creole: Afganistan
- Hausa: Afganistan, Afaganistan
- Hawaiian: Apekanikana
- Hebrew: אַפְגָּנִיסְטָן (he) f (afganistan)
- Hindi: अफ़्ग़ानिस्तान m (afġānistān), अफगानिस्तान (hi) m (aphgānistān)
- Hungarian: Afganisztán (hu)
- Icelandic: Afganistan (is)
- Ido: Afganistan (io)
- Ilocano: Apganistan
- Indonesian: Afghanistan
- Interlingua: Afghanistan (ia)
- Irish: An Afganastáin f
- Italian: Afghanistan (it) m, Afganistan (it) m
- Japanese: アフガニスタン (ja) (Afuganisutan), アフガン (Afugan)
- Javanese: Afganistan
- Kabardian: Афганистэн (Afɣanistɛn)
- Kabiyé: Afganistani
- Kabyle: Afɣanistan
- Kalenjin: Afganistan
- Kalmyk: Апганмудин (Apganmudin)
- Kamba: Afganistan
- Kamkata-viri: Āfǧoniston
- Kannada: ಅಫ್ಘಾನಿಸ್ತಾನ (kn) (aphghānistāna)
- Kapampangan: Afghanistan
- Karachay-Balkar: Афганистан (Afganistan)
- Kashubian: Afganistón (csb)
- Kazakh: Ауғанстан (Auğanstan)
- Arabic: اۋعانستان
- Khmer: អាហ្វហ្គានីស្ថាន (ʼaafgiəniisthaan)
- Kikuyu: Afganistan
- Komi-Permyak: Афганистан (Afgańistan)
- Komi-Zyrian: Афганистан (Afgańistan)
- Konkani: अफगाणिस्तान (aphgāṇistān)
- Korean: 아프가니스탄 (ko) (Apeuganiseutan)
- Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: ئەفغانستان (efẍanistan)
- Northern Kurdish: Efxanistan (ku)
- Kyrgyz: Афганистан (ky) (Afganistan), Афганстан (Afganstan), Ооганстан (ky) (Ooganstan)
- Ladino: Afganistan
- Latin: Afgania f, Ariana f
- Lao: ອັບຟາການິດສະຖານ (ʼap fā kā nit sa thān), ອັຟການິດສະຖານ (ʼap kā nit sa thān)
- Latvian: Afganistāna (lv) f
- Lao: ອັບຟາການິດສະຖານ (ʼap fā kā nit sa thān), ອັຟການິດສະຖານ (ʼap kā nit sa thān)
- Lezgi: Афганистан (Afganistan)
- Limburgish: Afganistan (li)
- Lingala: Afganistáni
- Lithuanian: Afganistanas (lt) m
- Livvi: Afganistuanu
- Low German: Afghanistan (nds)
- Luhya: Afganistan
- Luo: Afganistan
- Luxembourgish: Afghanistan (lb)
- Macedonian: Авганиста́н (mk) m (Avganistán)
- Maithili: अफगानिस्तान (aphᵊgānistān)
- Malagasy: Afganistana (mg)
- Malay: Afghanistan (ms)
- Malayalam: അഫ്ഗാനിസ്ഥാന് (afgānisthānŭ)
- Maltese: Afganistan
- Manchu: ᠠᡳ᠌ᡠ᠌ᡥᠠᠨ (aiuhan)
- Manx: Yn Afghanistaan
- Maori: Āwhekenetāna
- Marathi: अफगाणिस्तान (aphgāṇistān)
- Mazanderani: افخانستون
- Meru: Afganistan
- Minangkabau: Afganistan
- Mingrelian: ავღანეთი (avɣaneti)
- Mongolian:
- Cyrillic: Афганистан (Afganistan)
- Mongolian: ᠠᠹᠭᠠᠨᠢᠰᠲ᠋ᠠᠨ (afɣanistan)
- Nahuatl: Afganistān
- Nauruan: Afganistan
- Nepali: अफगानिस्तान (aphagānistān)
- Norman: Afghanistan m
- Northern Luri: أفغانستان
- Northern Sami: Afghanistan
- Norwegian:
- Bokmål: Afghanistan (no)
- Nynorsk: Afghanistan (nn)
- Occitan: Afganistan (oc)
- Oriya: ଆଫଗାନିସ୍ତାନ (aphôganistanô)
- Ossetian: Афгъанистан (Afǧanistan)
- Pashto: افغانستان (ps) m (afǧānestãn)
- Pennsylvania German: Afganischtaan
- Persian: افغانستان (fa) (afğânestân)
- Piedmontese: Afgànistan
- Polish: Afganistan (pl) m inan
- Portuguese: Afeganistão (pt) m
- Punjabi: ਅਫ਼ਗ਼ਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ (afaġānistān)
- Quechua: Afgansuyu
- Romanian: Afganistan (ro) n
- Russian: Афганиста́н (ru) m (Afganistán), Афга́н (ru) m (Afgán) (colloquial, especially in reference to the 1979–1989 Afghan war)
- Rusyn: Афґаніста́н m (Afganistán)
- Rwanda-Rundi: Afuganisitani
- Samogitian: Afganėstans
- Sanskrit: अफगानस्थान (aphagānasthāna)
- Santali: ᱟᱯᱷᱜᱟᱱᱤᱥᱛᱟᱱ (aphganistan)
- Scottish Gaelic: Afganastan
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic: Афганѝста̄н m, Авганѝста̄н m
- Roman: Afganìstān (sh) m, Avganìstān m
- Sicilian: Afganistàn
- Silesian: Afganistan
- Sinhalese: ඇෆ්ගනිස්තානය (æfganistānaya)
- Slovak: Afganistan (sk) m
- Slovene: Afgánistan (sl) m
- Somali: Afgaanistan
- Spanish: Afganistán (es) m
- Sundanese: Apganistan
- Swahili: Afghanistan (sw), Afuganistani
- Swedish: Afghanistan (sv) n
- Tagalog: Apganistan (tl)
- Tajik: Афғонистон (tg) (Afġoniston)
- Tamil: ஆப்கானிஸ்தான் (āpkāṉistāṉ), ஆப்கனிஸ்தான் (āpkaṉistāṉ)
- Tatar: Әфганстан (Äfganstan)
- Telugu: ఆఫ్ఘనిస్తాన్ (te) (āphghanistān)
- Tetum: Afeganistaun
- Thai: อัฟกานิสถาน (th) (áf-gaa-nís-tǎan)
- Tibetan: ཨ་ཧྥུའུ་རྒན་སི་ཐན (a hphu'u rgan si than)
- Tongan: ʻAfikānisitani
- Turkish: Afganistan (tr)
- Turkmen: Owganystan
- Cyrillic: Овганыстан
- Udmurt: Афганистан (Afgańistan)
- Ukrainian: Афганіста́н (uk) m (Afhanistán), Афґаніста́н m (Afganistán)
- Urdu: اَفْغانِسْتان m (afġānistān)
- Uyghur: ئافغانىستان (afghanistan)
- Cyrillic: Авғанстан (Awghanstan)
- Uzbek: Afgʻoniston (uz)
- Cyrillic: Афғонистон (Afgʻoniston)
- Venetian: Afganistan
- Veps: Afganistan
- Vietnamese: Áp-ga-ni-xtan, A Phú Hãn (vi) (obsolete)
- Volapük: Lafganistän (vo)
- Võro: Afganistan
- Waray-Waray: Afganistan
- Welsh: Affganistan (cy)
- West Frisian: Afganistan (fy)
- Western Panjabi: افغانستان
- Wolof: Afganistaan
- Yiddish: אַפֿגאַניסטאַן (afganistan)
- Yoruba: Afghanístàn
- Zazaki: Efğanıstan (diq)
- Zhuang: Ahfuhan
- Zulu: I-Afganistani
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