dalīt
Latvian edit
Etymology edit
Originally the causative form of an earlier verb *dalt, *delt, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *dalˀīti,[1] from Proto-Indo-European *delh₁- (“to cut, to split, to hew”). Cognates include Lithuanian dalýti, dalìnti, Old Prussian dellieis (< *deliyeis, imperative), Proto-Slavic *delěti (“to overcome”) (and its ablaut action noun Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian до́ля (dólja, “part, share”), Polish dola), Sanskrit दलति (dálati, “to explode, to burst”), दलयति (daláyati, “to cause to burst; to slice”), Latin dolō (“to chop into shape, to fashion, to devise”).[2]
Pronunciation edit
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Verb edit
dalīt (transitive, 3rd conjugation, present dalu, dali, dala, past dalīju)
- to divide, to split (to act on a whole in such a way that it becomes a set of separate parts; to be a border separating the parts of a whole)
- dalīt gabalos ― to divide (something) into pieces
- dalīt olu uz pusēm ― to divide, split an egg in half
- dalīt ābolu četrās daļās ― to divide an apple into four parts
- dalīt vārdu zilbēs ― to divide, split a word into syllables
- malkas grēda dalīja pagalmu divās daļās ― the woodpile divided the courtyard into two parts
- to divide, to split, to share (to assign a part of something to every member of a certain group)
- dalīt mantu ― to divide the property
- dalīt peļņu ― to share the profits
- dalīt laupījumu ― to split the booty
- dalīt kārtis ― to deal the cards
- dalīta uzmanība ― divided attention
- dalīt bērniem brokastis ― to give the children breakfast (lit. to divide breakfast (among) the children)
- sākumā viņš savu brīvo laiku dalīja starp šo grāmatu un veco harmoniju kaktā ― at first he divided his free time between this book and the old harmonium in the corner
- to share (to allow someone else to have a part of, or to have access to, something one owns; to use something together with someone else; to experience something together with someone else)
- dalīt pusdienu maizi ar biedriem ― to share (one's) lunch bread with (one's) comrades
- dalīt priekus un bēdas ― to share joys and sorrows
- dalītas bēdas ir pusbēdas ― shared sorrows are (only) half sorrows
- darba zemnieks dalīja ar partizāniem savu trūcīgo uzturu un apģērbu, cenšoties atdot cīnītājiem vienmēr labāko tiesu ― the working farmer shared with the partisans his poor food and clothes, trying to give to the fighters always the best part
- to divide, to subdivide, to group, to classify (to assign things, people, etc. to different groups, categories)
- dalīt darbus patīkamos un nepatīkamos ― to divide works, chores into pleasant and unpleasant
- dzīvniekus dala mugurkaulniekos un bezmugurkaulniekos ― (one) divides, classifies animals into vertebrates and invertebrates
- Ņūtons bija spiests dalīt telpu absolūtā telpā un parastā jeb relatīvā telpā ― Newton was forced to divide space into absolute space and normal or relative space
- (usually in participial form) divided, split, mixed (not fully dedicated to one thing; opposed to itself; contradictory)
- dažkārt domas visai dalītas: kas vienam liekas gluži labs, to otrs atzīst par viduvēju ― sometimes everybody's thoughts (are) divided: one (thought) seems to one (person) to be really good, the next (thought) really mediocre
- pirmo grāmatu bieži vien saņemam ar dalītām jūtām: prieks par jauna talanta parādīšanos mijas ar šaubām, vai nepievilsimies ― we often receive a first book with mixed feelings: joy for the appearance of a new talent mixed with doubts about whether we will be eventually disappointed
- (arithmetic) to divide (to carry out numeric division)
- dalīt un reizināt ― to divide and to multiply
- divpadsmit dalīt ar trīs ― to divide twelve by three
Conjugation edit
conjugation of dalīt
| INDICATIVE (īstenības izteiksme) | IMPERATIVE (pavēles izteiksme) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (tagadne) |
Past (pagātne) |
Future (nākotne) | |||
| 1st pers. sg. | es | dalu | dalīju | dalīšu | — |
| 2nd pers. sg. | tu | dali | dalīji | dalīsi | dali |
| 3rd pers. sg. | viņš, viņa | dala | dalīja | dalīs | lai dala |
| 1st pers. pl. | mēs | dalām | dalījām | dalīsim | dalīsim |
| 2nd pers. pl. | jūs | dalāt | dalījāt | dalīsiet, dalīsit |
daliet |
| 3rd pers. pl. | viņi, viņas | dala | dalīja | dalīs | lai dala |
| RENARRATIVE (atstāstījuma izteiksme) | PARTICIPLES (divdabji) | ||||
| Present | dalot | Present Active 1 (Adj.) | dalošs | ||
| Past | esot dalījis | Present Active 2 (Adv.) | dalīdams | ||
| Future | dalīšot | Present Active 3 (Adv.) | dalot | ||
| Imperative | lai dalot | Present Active 4 (Obj.) | dalām | ||
| CONDITIONAL (vēlējuma izteiksme) | Past Active | dalījis | |||
| Present | dalītu | Present Passive | dalāms | ||
| Past | būtu dalījis | Past Passive | dalīts | ||
| DEBITIVE (vajadzības izteiksme) | NOMINAL FORMS | ||||
| Indicative | (būt) jādala | Infinitive (nenoteiksme) | dalīt | ||
| Conjunctive 1 | esot jādala | Negative Infinitive | nedalīt | ||
| Conjunctive 2 | jādalot | Verbal noun | dalīšana | ||
Derived terms edit
- prefixed verbs:
- other derived terms:
Related terms edit
References edit
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “dalyti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 114
- ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “dalīt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN