earnest

See also: Earnest

English

Pronunciation

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈɝ.nɪst/

  • Audio (US):

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• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈɜː.nɪst/
• Homophone: Ernest

Etymology 1

From Middle English ernest, eornest, from Old English eornest, eornost, eornust (“earnestness, zeal, seriousness, battle”), from Proto-Germanic *ernustuz (“earnest, strength, solidity, struggle, fight”), a derivative of Proto-Germanic *arniz (“efficient, capable, diligent, sure”), from Proto-Indo-European *er- (“to cause to move, arouse, increase”).

Cognate with West Frisian earnst (“earnest, seriousness”), Dutch ernst (“seriousness, gravity, earnest”), German Ernst (“seriousness, earnestness, zeal, vigour”), Icelandic ern (“brisk, vigorous”), Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌽𐌹𐌱𐌰 (arniba, “secure, certain, sure”).

The adjective is from Middle English eornest, from Old English eornoste (“earnest, zealous, serious”), from the noun. Cognate with North Frisian ernste (“earnest”), Middle Low German ernest, ernst (“serious, earnest”), German ernst (“serious, earnest”).

Noun

earnest (uncountable)

1. Gravity; serious purpose; earnestness.
   • 1914, February 13, The Times, Obituary: Canon Augustus Jessopp

     He wrote well in a forcible, colloquial style, with the air of being tremendously in earnest, and full of knowledge which overflowed his pages, tricked out with somewhat boisterous illustrations.

   • a. 1587, Philippe Sidnei [i.e., Philip Sidney], “(please specify the folio)”, in [Fulke Greville; Matthew Gwinne; John Florio], editors, The Countesse of Pembrokes Arcadia [The New Arcadia], London: […] [John Windet] for William Ponsonbie, published 1590, →OCLC:

     Take heed that this jest do not one day turn to earnest.

   • c. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: […]”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act V, scene i]:

     That high All-Seer which I dallied with
     Hath turn'd my feigned prayer on my head
     And given in earnest what I begg'd in jest.

2. Seriousness; reality; actuality (as opposed to joking or pretence)

Derived terms

• earnestful
• in earnest

Translations

gravity; serious purpose; earnestness

• Bulgarian: сериозност (bg) f (serioznost)
• Catalan: serietat (ca) f, gravetat (ca) f
• Czech: vážnost f
• Finnish: vakavuus (fi)
• French: sérieux (fr) m, gravité (fr) f
• German: Ernst (de) m, Ernsthaftigkeit (de) f
• Greek:

  Ancient: σπουδαῖος (spoudaîos)

• Luxembourgish: Eescht m
• Spanish: seriedad (es), gravedad (es)
• Ukrainian: серйозність f (serjoznistʹ)

seriousness; reality; actuality (as opposed to jesting or feigned appearance)

• Catalan: seriositat (ca) f, formalitat f
• Czech: opravdovost (cs) f
• Finnish: vakavuus (fi)
• German: Ernst (de) m, Ernsthaftigkeit (de) f
• Greek:

  Ancient: σπουδαῖος (spoudaîos)

• Luxembourgish: Eescht m
• Portuguese: seriedade (pt)
• Spanish: seriedad (es)
• Ukrainian: серйозність f (serjoznistʹ)

Verb

earnest (third-person singular simple present earnests, present participle earnesting, simple past and past participle earnested)

1. (transitive) To be serious with; use in earnest.
   • 1602, Pastor Fido, (Please provide the book title or journal name):

     Let's prove among ourselves our armes in jest, That when we come to earnest them with men, We may them better use.

Adjective

earnest (comparative earnester or more earnest, superlative earnestest or most earnest)

1. (said of an action or an utterance) Serious, sincere, ingenuous.
2. (with a positive sense) Focused in the pursuit of an objective; honestly eager to obtain or do.

   earnest prayers

3. Intent; focused; showing a lot of concentration.

   earnest attention

4. (said of a person or a person's character) Possessing or characterised by seriousness.

   an earnest disposition

5. Strenuous; diligent.

   earnest efforts

6. Serious; weighty; of a serious, weighty, or important nature; important.

Derived terms

• earnestly
• earnestness
• in earnest

Translations

ardent

• Bulgarian: сериозен (bg) (seriozen), добросъвестен (bg) (dobrosǎvesten)
• Catalan: zelós m, amatent (ca) m, fervent (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 熱心／热心 (zh) (rèxīn)

• French: ardent (fr)
• Galician: sesgo m, grave (gl) m, entergo m
• German: leidenschaftlich (de), sehnsüchtig (de)
• Greek:

  Ancient: σπουδαῖος (spoudaîos)

• Hungarian: buzgó (hu)
• Italian: voglioso (it), desideroso (it), fervente (it), zelante (it)
• Latin: avidus (la)
• Plautdietsch: drinjent
• Portuguese: sério (pt)
• Romanian: înfocat (ro), arzător (ro), aprins (ro)
• Russian: ре́вностный (ru) (révnostnyj)
• Sanskrit: उशिज् (sa) (uśij)
• Turkish: hevesli (tr), coşkun (tr), şevkli (tr)
• Ukrainian: палкий (uk) m (palkyj), ревний m (revnyj)
• Welsh: taer (cy)

intent

• Bulgarian: задълбочен (bg) (zadǎlbočen)
• Catalan: amatent (ca) m
• Galician: guicho m, enfexo m
• German: intensiv (de)
• Italian: pressante (it)
• Romanian: hotărât (ro), decis (ro), ferm (ro)
• Russian: уси́ленный (ru) (usílennyj)
• Spanish: atento (es)
• Turkish: niyetli (tr)
• Welsh: taer (cy)

important, serious

• Arabic: جَدِّي (jaddī), جَادّ (jādd)
• Belarusian: сур'ёзны (surʺjózny)
• Bulgarian: сериозен (bg) (seriozen)
• Catalan: seriós (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 認真／认真 (zh) (rènzhēn), 嚴重／严重 (zh) (yánzhòng), 沉重 (zh) (chénzhòng)

• Czech: vážný (cs)
• French: sérieux (fr), grave (fr)
• Galician: sesgo m, séreo m, rexo m, teixo (gl) m
• German: ernst (de), ernsthaft (de), aufrichtig (de)
• Hungarian: komoly (hu), súlyos (hu)
• Irish: dáiríre
• Italian: serio (it), grave (it)
• Japanese: 真面目 (ja) (まじめ, majime), 真剣 (ja) (しんけん, shinken), 本気 (ja) (ほんき, honki)
• Latin: sērius
• Portuguese: sério (pt) m, sincero (pt) m
• Romanian: serios (ro)
• Russian: серьёзный (ru) (serʹjóznyj), убедительный (ru) (ubeditelʹnyj)
• Serbo-Croatian: ȍzbīljan (sh), vážan (sh), znȁčājan (sh)
• Spanish: serio (es)
• Turkish: ciddi (tr)
• Ukrainian: серйозний m (serjoznyj)
• Welsh: taer (cy)

Etymology 2

Uncertain; apparently related to erres. Compare also arles.

Noun

earnest (plural earnests)

2. A sum of money paid in advance as a deposit; hence, a pledge, a guarantee, an indication of something to come.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, 2 Corinthians 5:5:

     Now he that hath wrought us for the selfsame thing is God, who also hath given unto us the earnest of the Spirit.

   • 1837, L[etitia] E[lizabeth] L[andon], Ethel Churchill: Or, The Two Brides. […], volume II, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, pages 152–153:

     The vanity is at once encouraged and gratified; while the present small triumph is too readily taken as earnest for a greater one.

   • 1990, Peter Hopkirk, The Great Game, Folio Society, published 2010, page 365:

     But if all this was viewed by Gladstone and the Cabinet as an earnest of St Petersburg's future good intentions in Central Asia, then disillusionment was soon to follow.

Translations

pledge

• Bulgarian: капаро (bg) (kaparo), депозит (depozit)
• Catalan: paga i senyal f, penyora (ca) f
• Galician: coutela f, peñor m, arras f
• Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌳𐌹 n (wadi)
• Italian: pegno (it) m
• Persian: اربون (arbun)
• Romanian: acont (ro) n, arvună (ro) f, avans (ro) n
• Spanish: señal (es) f, arras (es) f pl

See also

• Earnest
• earnest money

Etymology 3

From earn +‎ -est.

Verb

earnest

1. (archaic) second-person singular simple present indicative of earn

Anagrams

• Eastern, Saetern, Tareens, eastern, estrane, nearest, renates, sterane