Swahili edit

Pronunciation edit

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Verb edit

-eleza (infinitive kueleza)

  1. Causative form of -elea: to explain
    • 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi[1], translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 11:
      هُنِلِزِ نَمِ كَلِ بَيْنِ ، لِوَاپُ نَسُرَ نِسِ كَتَيْ
      Hunelezi nami kali baini, liwapo na-sura nisi katae.
      Can't you tell it me plainly that I may admit it?

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of -eleza
Positive present -naeleza
Subjunctive -eleze
Negative -elezi
Imperative singular eleza
Infinitives
Positive kueleza
Negative kutoeleza
Imperatives
Singular eleza
Plural elezeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hueleza
Positive past positive subject concord + -lieleza
Negative past negative subject concord + -kueleza
Positive present (positive subject concord + -naeleza)
Singular Plural
1st person ninaeleza/naeleza tunaeleza
2nd person unaeleza mnaeleza
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anaeleza wanaeleza
other classes positive subject concord + -naeleza
Negative present (negative subject concord + -elezi)
Singular Plural
1st person sielezi hatuelezi
2nd person huelezi hamwelezi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) haelezi hawaelezi
other classes negative subject concord + -elezi
Positive future positive subject concord + -taeleza
Negative future negative subject concord + -taeleza
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -eleze)
Singular Plural
1st person nieleze tueleze
2nd person ueleze mweleze
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aeleze waeleze
other classes positive subject concord + -eleze
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sieleze
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeeleza
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeeleza
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalieleza
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalieleza
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -aeleza)
Singular Plural
1st person naeleza twaeleza
2nd person waeleza mwaeleza
3rd person m-wa(I/II) aeleza waeleza
m-mi(III/IV) waeleza yaeleza
ji-ma(V/VI) laeleza yaeleza
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chaeleza vyaeleza
n(IX/X) yaeleza zaeleza
u(XI) waeleza see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwaeleza
pa(XVI) paeleza
mu(XVIII) mwaeleza
Perfect positive subject concord + -meeleza
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshaeleza
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jaeleza
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kieleza
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipoeleza
Consecutive kaeleza / positive subject concord + -kaeleza
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kaeleze
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nieleza -tueleza
2nd person -kueleza -waeleza/-kuelezeni/-waelezeni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mweleza -waeleza
m-mi(III/IV) -ueleza -ieleza
ji-ma(V/VI) -lieleza -yaeleza
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kieleza -vieleza
n(IX/X) -ieleza -zieleza
u(XI) -ueleza see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kueleza
pa(XVI) -paeleza
mu(XVIII) -mueleza
Reflexive -jieleza
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -eleza- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -elezaye -elezao
m-mi(III/IV) -elezao -elezayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -elezalo -elezayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -elezacho -elezavyo
n(IX/X) -elezayo -elezazo
u(XI) -elezao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -elezako
pa(XVI) -elezapo
mu(XVIII) -elezamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -eleza)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yeeleza -oeleza
m-mi(III/IV) -oeleza -yoeleza
ji-ma(V/VI) -loeleza -yoeleza
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choeleza -vyoeleza
n(IX/X) -yoeleza -zoeleza
u(XI) -oeleza see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -koeleza
pa(XVI) -poeleza
mu(XVIII) -moeleza
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms edit