خراب

See also: حراب

Arabic

Root
خ ر ب (ḵ r b)
7 terms

خَرَاب

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /xa.raːb/

Noun

خَرَاب • (ḵarāb) m

1. (uncountable) ruin, wreck
2. (uncountable) ruination, wreckage, desolation

Declension

Declension of noun خَرَاب (ḵarāb)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb	خَرَاب ḵarāb
Nominative	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu	خَرَابُ ḵarābu
Accusative	خَرَابًا ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba	خَرَابَ ḵarāba
Genitive	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi	خَرَابِ ḵarābi

Adjective

خَرَاب • (ḵarāb)

1. ruined, wrecked, destroyed

Declension

Declension of adjective خَرَاب (ḵarāb)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb
Nominative	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu
Accusative	خَرَابًا ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba	خَرَابًا ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba
Genitive	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb
Nominative	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu
Accusative	خَرَابًا ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba	خَرَابًا ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba
Genitive	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	basic broken plural triptote		basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb	خَرَاب ḵarāb	الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb
Nominative	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu	خَرَابٌ ḵarābun	الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu
Accusative	خَرَابًا ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba	خَرَابًا ḵarāban	الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba
Genitive	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi	خَرَابٍ ḵarābin	الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: xarab
• → Northern Kurdish: xirab
• → Ottoman Turkish: خراب (harâb)
  • → Armenian: խարաբ (xarab)
  • Turkish: harap
• → Classical Persian: خَرَاب (xarāb)
  • → Bengali: খারাপ (kharap)
  • → Hindustani:
    • Hindi: ख़राब (xarāb), खराब (kharāb)
    • Urdu: خراب (xarāb)
  • → Punjabi: ਖ਼ਰਾਬ (xarāb)
  • → Northern Luri: خرۏ (xerö)

Ottoman Turkish

Alternative forms

• խարապ (harab) — Armeno-Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb, “ruined, wrecked”).

Adjective

خراب • (harab)

1. ruined, desolated, devastated

   Synonyms: ویران (viran), یباب (yebab), ییقق (yıkık)

2. uninhabited, having no inhabitants

   Synonym: چول (çöl)

3. spoilt, marred, wasted
4. impoverished, dilapidated

Noun

خراب • (harab)

1. ruin, desolation, devastation, waste

   Synonym: تخریب (tahrib)

2. impoverishment, immiseration, dilapidation
3. decline, decay, deterioration

Derived terms

• خراب اتمك (harab etmek, “to devastate, ravage, ruin”)
• خراب اولمق (harab olmak, “to be devasted, ruined”)
• خرابلق (harablık, “desolation, ruin”)

 

Descendants

• Turkish: harap
• → Armenian: խարաբ (xarab)

Further reading

• Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “harap”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1872
• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “خراب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 533
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Desertus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎^[2], Vienna, column 362
• Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “خراب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎^[3], Vienna, column 1871
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “harap”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “خراب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[4], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 835

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [xa.ˈɾɑːβ]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xä.ɾɑ́ːb]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [xä.ɾɑ́ːb]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [xä.ɾɑ́ːb]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [xä.ɾɔ́ːb̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [xæ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [χä.ɾɔ́b]

Readings
Classical reading?	xarāḇ
Dari reading?	xarāb
Iranian reading?	xarâb
Tajik reading?	xarob

• Audio (Iran):

  (file)

Adjective

Dari	خراب
Iranian Persian
Tajik	хароб

خراب • (xarâb)

1. ruined, devastated, demolished, destroyed

   Synonyms: ویرانه (virâne), ویران (virân)

2. drunk, intoxicated
3. spoiled, rotten
4. miserable
5. (chiefly Dari) wrong; bad (not good)

   Synonym: بد

6. (chiefly Dari) corrupt, wicked, bad

   Synonym: بد

7. (chiefly Dari) out of order (machine, etc)
8. (chiefly Tajik) thin, slim (not fat)

   Synonym: لاغر Antonym: فربه

Noun

خراب • (xarâb)

1. ruin, desolation

   Synonym: ویرانه (virâne)

Derived terms

• خراب کردن (xarâb kardan)
• خراب شدن (xarâb šodan)

Sindhi

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خراب (xarāb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [xərɑbʊ]

Adjective

خَرَابُ • (xarābu) (Devanagari ख़राबु)

1. bad

References

• Khānu, Balocu (1960–1988) “خَرَابُ”, in Jāmiʻ Sindhī lughāta (in Sindhi), Hyderabad, Sindh: Sindhī Adabī Borḍ

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian خراب (xarāb), from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /xə.ɾɑːb/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɑːb
• Hyphenation: خَ‧راب⁩

Adjective

خَراب • (xarāb) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़राब)

1. spoiled, ruined, damaged
2. bad, evil

   Synonym: بُرا (burā)

3. (food) rotten
4. (machinery) out of order, broken
5. volatile

Descendants

• → Ushojo: خراب

Further reading

• “خراب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “خراب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
• Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “خراب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
• Platts, John Thompson (1884) “خراب”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., →ISBN, →OCLC
• S. W. Fallon (1879) “خراب”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
• John Shakespear (1834) “خراب”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3^rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC

Ushojo

Etymology

From Urdu خراب (xarāb).

Adjective

خراب (xarāb)

1. spoiled, ruined, damaged, broken
2. bad, evil