خراب
See also: حراب
Arabic edit
Etymology edit
From the root خ ر ب (ḵ-r-b).
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
خَرَاب • (ḵarāb) m
Declension edit
Declension of noun خَرَاب (ḵarāb)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
خَرَاب ḵarāb |
Nominative | خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
خَرَابُ ḵarābu |
Accusative | خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
خَرَابَ ḵarāba |
Genitive | خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
خَرَابِ ḵarābi |
Adjective edit
خَرَاب • (ḵarāb)
Declension edit
Declension of adjective خَرَاب (ḵarāb)
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
basic singular triptote | basic singular triptote | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
Nominative | خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
Accusative | خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
Genitive | خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
Dual | Masculine | Feminine | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
Nominative | خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
Accusative | خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
Genitive | خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | ||
basic broken plural triptote | basic broken plural triptote | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Informal | خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
خَرَاب ḵarāb |
الْخَرَاب al-ḵarāb |
Nominative | خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
خَرَابٌ ḵarābun |
الْخَرَابُ al-ḵarābu |
Accusative | خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
خَرَابًا ḵarāban |
الْخَرَابَ al-ḵarāba |
Genitive | خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
خَرَابٍ ḵarābin |
الْخَرَابِ al-ḵarābi |
Descendants edit
Ottoman Turkish edit
Alternative forms edit
- խարապ (harab) — Armeno-Turkish
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb, “ruined, wrecked”).
Adjective edit
خراب • (harab)
- ruined, desolated, devastated
- uninhabited, having no inhabitants
- Synonym: چول (çöl)
- spoilt, marred, wasted
- impoverished, dilapidated
Noun edit
خراب • (harab)
- ruin, desolation, devastation, waste
- Synonym: تخریب (tahrib)
- impoverishment, immiseration, dilapidation
- decline, decay, deterioration
Derived terms edit
- خراب اتمك (harab etmek, “to devastate, ravage, ruin”)
- خراب اولمق (harab olmak, “to be devasted, ruined”)
- خرابلق (harablık, “desolation, ruin”)
Descendants edit
Further reading edit
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “harap”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1872
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “خراب”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 533
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Desertus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum, Vienna, column 362
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “خراب”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum, Vienna, column 1871
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “harap”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “خراب”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 835
Persian edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [xa.ˈɾɑːβ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [xæ.ɹɒ́ːb̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [χä.ɾɔ́b]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | xarāḇ |
Dari reading? | xarāb |
Iranian reading? | xarâb |
Tajik reading? | xarob |
Audio (file)
Adjective edit
Dari | خراب |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | хароб |
خراب • (xarâb)
- ruined, devastated, demolished, destroyed
- drunk, intoxicated
- spoiled
- miserable
- (chiefly Dari) bad
- Synonym: بد
- (chiefly Tajik) thin, slim (denoting of a person's size as not being fat, not fat. See below for the antonym and a more-formal synonym.)
Noun edit
خراب • (xarâb)
- ruin, desolation
- Synonym: ویرانه (virâne)
Derived terms edit
Urdu edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Classical Persian خراب (xarāb), from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).
Pronunciation edit
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /xə.ɾɑːb/
- Rhymes: -ɑːb
- Hyphenation: خَ‧راب
Adjective edit
خَراب • (xarāb) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ख़राब)
- spoiled, ruined, damaged
- bad, evil
- Synonym: بُرا (burā)
- (food) rotten
- (machinery) out of order, broken
- volatile
Further reading edit
- “خراب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “خراب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English] (in English), Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971), “خراب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John Thompson (1884), “خراب”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., →ISBN, →OCLC
- S. W. Fallon (1879), “خراب”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co.
- John Shakespear (1834), “خراب”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
Ushojo edit
Etymology edit
Adjective edit
خراب (xarāb)