imperium
English
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin imperium (“power, command”), from imperō (“command, order”), from im- (form of in) + parō (“prepare, arrange; intend”). Doublet of empery and empire.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editimperium (countable and uncountable, plural imperia or imperiums)
- Supreme power; dominion.
- The right to command the force of the state; sovereignty.
Related terms
editTranslations
editDanish
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editimperium n (singular definite imperiet, plural indefinite imperier)
References
editDutch
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editimperium n (plural imperia, diminutive imperiumpje n)
- empire
- Synonyms: keizerrijk, rijk
- business empire
Related terms
editIndonesian
editEtymology
editFrom Dutch imperium, from Latin imperium.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editimpérium (plural imperium-imperium, first-person possessive imperiumku, second-person possessive imperiummu, third-person possessive imperiumnya)
- empire.
- Synonyms: kekaisaran, kemaharajaan
Alternative forms
edit- émpayar (Standard Malay)
Related terms
editFurther reading
edit- “imperium” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom imperō (“command, order”) + -ium, from im- (form of in) + parō (“prepare, arrange; intend”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /imˈpe.ri.um/, [ɪmˈpɛriʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /imˈpe.ri.um/, [imˈpɛːrium]
Noun
editimperium n (genitive imperiī or imperī); second declension
- The empire, state, imperial government, realm, dominion.
- 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 5.95–96:
- “quō postquam ventum est, ‘cōnsistitē!’ praescia māter
‘nam locus imperiī rūs erit istud’ ait.”- “After he had arrived there, his prophetic mother said, ‘Halt!, for that countryside will be the place of empire.’”
(The muse Calliope tells what the prophetess Carmenta said to Carmenta’s son, Evander of Pallantium, after his arrival in Italy.)
- “After he had arrived there, his prophetic mother said, ‘Halt!, for that countryside will be the place of empire.’”
- “quō postquam ventum est, ‘cōnsistitē!’ praescia māter
- The right or power to command or be in control; dominion.
- Synonyms: ductus, potestas, arbitrium, auctōritās
- Absolute command or authority over the empire (or other polity); sovereignty; sway.
- Synonym: diciō
- (military) Military authority, the command (of an army).
- 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab Urbe Condita 26.1:
- Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.
- The military authority of Quintus Fulvius and Appius Claudius, consuls of the previous year, was extended and the armies which they had were decided upon, and it was added as a proviso that they should not withdraw from Capua, which they were besieging, until they conquered it.
- Q. Fuluio Ap. Claudio, prioris anni consulibus, prorogatum imperium est atque exercitus quos habebant decreti, adiectumque ne a Capua quam obsidebant abscederent priusquam expugnassent.
- The exercise of authority, rule, law, control, sovereignty.
- Synonyms: diciō, praescrīptum, rēgula
- c. 52 BCE, Julius Caesar, Commentarii de Bello Gallico VII.20:
- Imperium se ab Caesare per proditionem nullum desiderare
- He desired no sovereignty from Caesar by treachery
- Imperium se ab Caesare per proditionem nullum desiderare
- A command, order, direction, bidding.
Declension
editSecond-declension noun (neuter).
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | imperium | imperia |
Genitive | imperiī imperī1 |
imperiōrum |
Dative | imperiō | imperiīs |
Accusative | imperium | imperia |
Ablative | imperiō | imperiīs |
Vocative | imperium | imperia |
1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- Asturian: imperiu
- Friulian: imperi
- German: Imperium
- Italian: imperio, impero
- Old Catalan: emperi
- Old French:
- → Old Irish: impere, impire
- Old Galician-Portuguese: emperio
- Portuguese: império
- Piedmontese: imperi
- Romanian: imperiu
- → Russian: импе́рия (impérija), импе́рія (impérija) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
- Sicilian: mpiru
- Spanish: imperio
- → Tagalog: imperyo
- Venetian: inpero
References
edit- “imperium”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “imperium”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- imperium in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- imperium in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
- the empire reaches to the ends of the world: imperium orbis terrarum terminis definitur
- to be a strict disciplinarian in one's household: severum imperium in suis exercere, tenere (De Sen. 11. 37)
- monarchy: imperium singulare, unius dominatus, regium imperium
- government by the mob: multitudinis dominatus or imperium
- democracy: imperium populi or populare, civitas or res publica popularis
- to confer supreme power on a person: imperium, rerum summam deferre alicui
- to have power over some one: imperium tenere (in aliquem)
- to maintain power, authority: imperium obtinere
- to have unlimited power; to be invested with imperium: cum imperio esse (cf. XVI. 3)
- to hold a high office (such as conferred imperium, i.e. consulatus, dictatura, praetura): in imperio esse
- to prolong the command for a year: imperium in annum prorogare
- to lay down one's power: imperium deponere (Rep. 2. 12. 23)
- absolute power; autocracy: imperium singulare
- to take upon oneself absolute power: imperium, regnum, tyrannidem occupare
- to attack, overthrow a tyranny: imperium oppugnare, percellere
- to prolong a person's command: prorogare alicui imperium (in annum)
- civil and military offices: magistratus et imperia (Sall. Iug. 3. 1)
- to deprive a person of his position as commandant: abrogare alicui imperium
- the command-in-chief: summa belli, imperii (B. G. 2. 4. 7)
- to hold a high command: cum imperio esse
- to be commander-in-chief: imperii summam tenere (Rep. 2. 28)
- to be commander-in-chief: imperii summae praeesse
- to appoint some one commander-in-chief: imperii summam deferre alicui or ad aliquem, tradere alicui
- the command is transferred, passes to some one: imperium transfertur ad aliquem (not transit)
- to depose a person from his command: imperium alicui abrogare (Off.3. 10)
- to make oneself master of a people, country: populum, terram suo imperio, suae potestati subicere (not sibi by itself)
- to make one's submission to some one: se imperio alicuius subicere (not alicui)
- to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: sub imperio et dicione alicuius esse
- to be subject to some one, under some one's dominion: subiectum esse, obnoxium esse imperio or dicioni alicuius (not simply alicui)
- subjects: qui imperio subiecti sunt
- to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
- “imperium”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “imperium”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
Norwegian Bokmål
editEtymology
editNoun
editimperium n (definite singular imperiet, indefinite plural imperier, definite plural imperia or imperiene)
- an empire
References
edit- “imperium” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editimperium n (definite singular imperiet, indefinite plural imperium, definite plural imperia)
References
edit- “imperium” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Polish
editEtymology
editLearned borrowing from Latin imperium.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editimperium n
Declension
editRelated terms
editFurther reading
editSwedish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Latin imperium, used in Swedish since 1845.
Noun
editimperium n
- an empire (state ruled by an emperor or czar)
- Synonyms: kejsardöme, kejsarrike, rike, stormaktsvälde
- Den 6 juni började Italien minera sitt imperiums kuster.
- On June 6 [1940], Italy started to place mines along the coasts of its empire. [including at the time Italy and Libya]
- an empire (huge state or similar sphere of power)
- an empire (business empire or the like)
Declension
editDeclension of imperium | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | imperium | imperiet | imperier | imperierna |
Genitive | imperiums | imperiets | imperiers | imperiernas |
Related terms
editSee also
editReferences
edit- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English 4-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɪəɹiəm
- Rhymes:English/ɪəɹiəm/4 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- Danish terms borrowed from Latin
- Danish terms derived from Latin
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish neuter nouns
- da:Monarchy
- Dutch terms borrowed from Latin
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms with audio links
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with Latin plurals
- Dutch neuter nouns
- Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Dutch
- Indonesian terms derived from Latin
- Indonesian 4-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ʊm
- Rhymes:Indonesian/ʊm/4 syllables
- Rhymes:Indonesian/m
- Rhymes:Indonesian/m/4 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- Latin terms suffixed with -ium
- Latin 4-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin neuter nouns in the second declension
- Latin neuter nouns
- Latin terms with quotations
- la:Military
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- la:Roman Empire
- la:Government
- la:Directives
- Norwegian Bokmål terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål nouns
- Norwegian Bokmål neuter nouns
- nb:Monarchy
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms borrowed from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Latin
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk nouns
- Norwegian Nynorsk neuter nouns
- nn:Monarchy
- Polish terms borrowed from Latin
- Polish learned borrowings from Latin
- Polish terms derived from Latin
- Polish 3-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛrjum
- Rhymes:Polish/ɛrjum/3 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish neuter nouns
- pl:Monarchy
- Swedish terms borrowed from Latin
- Swedish terms derived from Latin
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish neuter nouns
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- sv:Monarchy