Swahili edit

Pronunciation edit

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Verb edit

-kaushwa (infinitive kukaushwa)

  1. Passive form of -kausha: dried

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of -kaushwa
Positive present -nakaushwa
Subjunctive -kaushwe
Negative -kaushwi
Imperative singular kaushwa
Infinitives
Positive kukaushwa
Negative kutokaushwa
Imperatives
Singular kaushwa
Plural kaushweni
Tensed forms
Habitual hukaushwa
Positive past positive subject concord + -likaushwa
Negative past negative subject concord + -kukaushwa
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nakaushwa)
Singular Plural
1st person ninakaushwa/nakaushwa tunakaushwa
2nd person unakaushwa mnakaushwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anakaushwa wanakaushwa
other classes positive subject concord + -nakaushwa
Negative present (negative subject concord + -kaushwi)
Singular Plural
1st person sikaushwi hatukaushwi
2nd person hukaushwi hamkaushwi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hakaushwi hawakaushwi
other classes negative subject concord + -kaushwi
Positive future positive subject concord + -takaushwa
Negative future negative subject concord + -takaushwa
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -kaushwe)
Singular Plural
1st person nikaushwe tukaushwe
2nd person ukaushwe mkaushwe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akaushwe wakaushwe
other classes positive subject concord + -kaushwe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sikaushwe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngekaushwa
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singekaushwa
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalikaushwa
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalikaushwa
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -akaushwa)
Singular Plural
1st person nakaushwa twakaushwa
2nd person wakaushwa mwakaushwa
3rd person m-wa(I/II) akaushwa wakaushwa
m-mi(III/IV) wakaushwa yakaushwa
ji-ma(V/VI) lakaushwa yakaushwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chakaushwa vyakaushwa
n(IX/X) yakaushwa zakaushwa
u(XI) wakaushwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwakaushwa
pa(XVI) pakaushwa
mu(XVIII) mwakaushwa
Perfect positive subject concord + -mekaushwa
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshakaushwa
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jakaushwa
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kikaushwa
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipokaushwa
Consecutive kakaushwa / positive subject concord + -kakaushwa
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kakaushwe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nikaushwa -tukaushwa
2nd person -kukaushwa -wakaushwa/-kukaushweni/-wakaushweni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mkaushwa -wakaushwa
m-mi(III/IV) -ukaushwa -ikaushwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -likaushwa -yakaushwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kikaushwa -vikaushwa
n(IX/X) -ikaushwa -zikaushwa
u(XI) -ukaushwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kukaushwa
pa(XVI) -pakaushwa
mu(XVIII) -mukaushwa
Reflexive -jikaushwa
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -kaushwa- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -kaushwaye -kaushwao
m-mi(III/IV) -kaushwao -kaushwayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -kaushwalo -kaushwayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kaushwacho -kaushwavyo
n(IX/X) -kaushwayo -kaushwazo
u(XI) -kaushwao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kaushwako
pa(XVI) -kaushwapo
mu(XVIII) -kaushwamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -kaushwa)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yekaushwa -okaushwa
m-mi(III/IV) -okaushwa -yokaushwa
ji-ma(V/VI) -lokaushwa -yokaushwa
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chokaushwa -vyokaushwa
n(IX/X) -yokaushwa -zokaushwa
u(XI) -okaushwa see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kokaushwa
pa(XVI) -pokaushwa
mu(XVIII) -mokaushwa
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.