makan
Banjarese edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
Verb edit
makan
- to eat (consume)
Indonesian edit
Pronunciation edit
Etymology 1 edit
Inherited from Malay makan, from Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
Cognate with Pattani Malay ماکٍي (makɛ), Minangkabau makan, Banjarese makan, Iban makai, Urak Lawoi' มากัด (makat).
Verb edit
makan (active memakan, passive dimakan, involuntary/perfective passive termakan)
- (transitive) to eat
- Ikan itu kami makan sebagai sarapan.
- We ate the fish as breakfast.
- (transitive) to consume
- Synonym: konsumsi
- (transitive) to take (to require time or cost for an action)
- Rumah sakit ini memakan waktu yang lama untuk dibangun hingga jadi.
- This hospital took a long time to build and complete.
Conjugation edit
| Conjugation of makan (meng-, transitive) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Root | makan | ||||
| Active | Involuntary | Passive | Imperative | Jussive | |
| Active | memakan | termakan | dimakan | makan | makanlah |
| Locative | – | – | – | – | – |
| Causative / Applicative1 | memakankan | termakankan | dimakankan | makankan | makankanlah |
| Causative | |||||
| Locative | – | – | – | – | – |
| Causative / Applicative1 | mempermakankan | terpermakankan | dipermakankan | permakankan | permakankanlah |
| 1The -kan row is either causative or applicative, with transitive roots it mostly has applicative meaning. Notes: Some of these forms do normally not exist or are rarely used in standard Indonesian. Some forms may also change meaning. | |||||
Adjective edit
makan
- (figurative, informal) work properly
- Untung saja remnya makan kalau tidak matilah kau. ― You're lucky that the brake worked properly otherwise you would be dead.
Derived terms edit
- makan ampun
- makan angin
- makan arwah
- makan asam garam
- makan ayapan
- makan bawang
- makan bebas
- makan benak
- makan berkancah
- makan berpantang
- makan berulam
- makan besar
- makan biaya
- makan darah
- makan dati
- makan dawai
- makan dedak
- makan diri
- makan duit
- makan emas
- makan gaji
- makan hak
- makan hati
- makan jangat
- makan kawan sendiri
- makan kawat
- makan kerawat
- makan keringat orang
- makan kuli
- makan lewah
- makan malam
- makan mewah
- makan ongkos
- makan pagi
- makan pena
- makan riba
- makan sehat
- makan sekolah
- makan sepinggan
- makan sepuasnya
- makan siang
- makan sogok
- makan suap
- makan sumpah
- makan tali
- makan tanah
- makan tangan
- makan tidur
- makan tulang
- makan uang
- makan upah
- makan waktu
Etymology 2 edit
Noun edit
makan (first-person possessive makanku, second-person possessive makanmu, third-person possessive makannya)
- (figurative) living; sustenance
- Synonyms: nafkah, penghidupan, rezeki
Further reading edit
- “makan” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Malay edit
Etymology edit
From Proto-Malayic *makan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kaən, from Proto-Austronesian *kaən.
First attested in the Talang Tuo inscription, 684 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (mākan) in the form nimākan (current spelling dimakan).
Pronunciation edit
Verb edit
makan (Jawi spelling ماکن)
- to eat
- consume, spend
- to injure or penetrate
- (impersonal) to work as expected
- fit in
- to follow (an advice)
- to receive bribes or illegally obtained money
Derived terms edit
Regular affixed derivations:
- pemakan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pemakanan [passive / name of profession + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (pe- + -an)
- makanan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
- memakan [agent focus] (meN-)
- memakankan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- dimakan [patient focus] (di-)
- dimakankan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- termakan [agentless action] (teR-)
- bermakan [stative / habitual] (beR-)
Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:
Descendants edit
- Indonesian: makan
Further reading edit
- “makan” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Swedish edit
Noun edit
makan
Tagalog edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Borrowed from Spanish macan (“bruised”), an inflection of macar (“to bruise”), although according to Manuel (1948), it is supposedly from Macao, due to Noceda & Sanlucar (1860) defining it as "Arroz de tubigan, bueno y oloroso, uno es blanco y otro colorado. Vino la semilla de Macan." and an early account of Fr. Domingo de Salazar (1583) saying that they have located it at "la ysla de Macan, donde viven los Portugueses que estan junto a la ciudad de Cantón, en la China,...".
Pronunciation edit
Noun edit
makán (Baybayin spelling ᜋᜃᜈ᜔)
- (botany) a type of aromatic rice (Oryza sativa, sometimes subspecies O. s. indica) grown across the Philippines with a variety of white rice and red rice, often considered as a second-class rice
- (zoology) a species of pig with a savory meat when cooked
Related terms edit
Further reading edit
- “makan” at KWF Diksiyonaryo ng Wikang Filipino[1], Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino, 2021
- “makan”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
- Manuel, E. Arsenio (1948) Chinese elements in the Tagalog language: with some indication of Chinese influence on other Philippine languages and cultures and an excursion into Austronesian linguistics, Manila: Filipiniana Publications, page 40
- Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves[2] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier