pambana

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-pambana (infinitive kupambana)

1. to encounter, to run into
2. to clash, to conflict

Conjugation

Conjugation of -pambana
Positive present -napambana Subjunctive -pambane Negative -pambani Imperative singular pambana
Infinitives
Positive kupambana Negative kutopambana
Imperatives
Singular pambana Plural pambaneni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupambana Positive past positive subject concord + -lipambana Negative past negative subject concord + -kupambana
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napambana) Singular Plural 1st person ninapambana/napambana tunapambana 2nd person unapambana mnapambana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapambana wanapambana other classes positive subject concord + -napambana
Negative present (negative subject concord + -pambani) Singular Plural 1st person sipambani hatupambani 2nd person hupambani hampambani 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapambani hawapambani other classes negative subject concord + -pambani
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapambana Negative future negative subject concord + -tapambana
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -pambane) Singular Plural 1st person nipambane tupambane 2nd person upambane mpambane 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apambane wapambane other classes positive subject concord + -pambane
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipambane Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepambana Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepambana Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipambana Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipambana
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apambana) Singular Plural 1st person napambana twapambana 2nd person wapambana mwapambana 3rd person m-wa(I/II) apambana wapambana m-mi(III/IV) wapambana yapambana ji-ma(V/VI) lapambana yapambana ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapambana vyapambana n(IX/X) yapambana zapambana u(XI) wapambana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwapambana pa(XVI) papambana mu(XVIII) mwapambana
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepambana "Already" positive subject concord + -meshapambana "Not yet" negative subject concord + -japambana "If/When" positive subject concord + -kipambana "If not" positive subject concord + -sipopambana Consecutive kapambana / positive subject concord + -kapambana Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapambane
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nipambana -tupambana 2nd person -kupambana -wapambana/-kupambaneni/-wapambaneni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpambana -wapambana m-mi(III/IV) -upambana -ipambana ji-ma(V/VI) -lipambana -yapambana ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipambana -vipambana n(IX/X) -ipambana -zipambana u(XI) -upambana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kupambana pa(XVI) -papambana mu(XVIII) -mupambana Reflexive -jipambana
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -pambana- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -pambanaye -pambanao m-mi(III/IV) -pambanao -pambanayo ji-ma(V/VI) -pambanalo -pambanayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -pambanacho -pambanavyo n(IX/X) -pambanayo -pambanazo u(XI) -pambanao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -pambanako pa(XVI) -pambanapo mu(XVIII) -pambanamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -pambana) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yepambana -opambana m-mi(III/IV) -opambana -yopambana ji-ma(V/VI) -lopambana -yopambana ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopambana -vyopambana n(IX/X) -yopambana -zopambana u(XI) -opambana see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kopambana pa(XVI) -popambana mu(XVIII) -mopambana
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • mpambanaji (“fighter”)
  • pambano (“contest”)