Swahili edit

Pronunciation edit

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Verb edit

-potesha (infinitive kupotesha)

  1. Causative form of -pota

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of -potesha
Positive present -napotesha
Subjunctive -poteshe
Negative -poteshi
Imperative singular potesha
Infinitives
Positive kupotesha
Negative kutopotesha
Imperatives
Singular potesha
Plural potesheni
Tensed forms
Habitual hupotesha
Positive past positive subject concord + -lipotesha
Negative past negative subject concord + -kupotesha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -napotesha)
Singular Plural
1st person ninapotesha/napotesha tunapotesha
2nd person unapotesha mnapotesha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anapotesha wanapotesha
other classes positive subject concord + -napotesha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -poteshi)
Singular Plural
1st person sipoteshi hatupoteshi
2nd person hupoteshi hampoteshi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hapoteshi hawapoteshi
other classes negative subject concord + -poteshi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tapotesha
Negative future negative subject concord + -tapotesha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -poteshe)
Singular Plural
1st person nipoteshe tupoteshe
2nd person upoteshe mpoteshe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apoteshe wapoteshe
other classes positive subject concord + -poteshe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sipoteshe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngepotesha
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singepotesha
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalipotesha
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalipotesha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -apotesha)
Singular Plural
1st person napotesha twapotesha
2nd person wapotesha mwapotesha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) apotesha wapotesha
m-mi(III/IV) wapotesha yapotesha
ji-ma(V/VI) lapotesha yapotesha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chapotesha vyapotesha
n(IX/X) yapotesha zapotesha
u(XI) wapotesha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwapotesha
pa(XVI) papotesha
mu(XVIII) mwapotesha
Perfect positive subject concord + -mepotesha
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshapotesha
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -japotesha
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kipotesha
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipopotesha
Consecutive kapotesha / positive subject concord + -kapotesha
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kapoteshe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nipotesha -tupotesha
2nd person -kupotesha -wapotesha/-kupotesheni/-wapotesheni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mpotesha -wapotesha
m-mi(III/IV) -upotesha -ipotesha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lipotesha -yapotesha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kipotesha -vipotesha
n(IX/X) -ipotesha -zipotesha
u(XI) -upotesha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kupotesha
pa(XVI) -papotesha
mu(XVIII) -mupotesha
Reflexive -jipotesha
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -potesha- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -poteshaye -poteshao
m-mi(III/IV) -poteshao -poteshayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -poteshalo -poteshayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -poteshacho -poteshavyo
n(IX/X) -poteshayo -poteshazo
u(XI) -poteshao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -poteshako
pa(XVI) -poteshapo
mu(XVIII) -poteshamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -potesha)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yepotesha -opotesha
m-mi(III/IV) -opotesha -yopotesha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lopotesha -yopotesha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chopotesha -vyopotesha
n(IX/X) -yopotesha -zopotesha
u(XI) -opotesha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kopotesha
pa(XVI) -popotesha
mu(XVIII) -mopotesha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.