Swahili

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Etymology

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Probably from Arabic اِسْتَفْتَحَ (istaftaḥa, to start).

Pronunciation

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  • Audio (Kenya):(file)

Noun

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staftahi (n class, plural staftahi)

  1. breakfast
    Synonyms: chakula cha asubuhi, (Tanzania) chai, (Tanzania) kifungua kinywa, (Kenya) kiamsha kinywa

Verb

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-staftahi (infinitive kustaftahi)

  1. to breakfast
    Synonym: -sebeha

Conjugation

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Conjugation of -staftahi
Positive present -nastaftahi
Subjunctive -staftahi
Negative -staftahi
Imperative singular staftahi
Infinitives
Positive kustaftahi
Negative kutostaftahi
Imperatives
Singular staftahi
Plural staftahini
Tensed forms
Habitual hustaftahi
Positive past positive subject concord + -listaftahi
Negative past negative subject concord + -kustaftahi
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nastaftahi)
Singular Plural
1st person ninastaftahi/nastaftahi tunastaftahi
2nd person unastaftahi mnastaftahi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anastaftahi wanastaftahi
other classes positive subject concord + -nastaftahi
Negative present (negative subject concord + -staftahi)
Singular Plural
1st person sistaftahi hatustaftahi
2nd person hustaftahi hamstaftahi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hastaftahi hawastaftahi
other classes negative subject concord + -staftahi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tastaftahi
Negative future negative subject concord + -tastaftahi
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -staftahi)
Singular Plural
1st person nistaftahi tustaftahi
2nd person ustaftahi mstaftahi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) astaftahi wastaftahi
other classes positive subject concord + -staftahi
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sistaftahi
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngestaftahi
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singestaftahi
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalistaftahi
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalistaftahi
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -astaftahi)
Singular Plural
1st person nastaftahi twastaftahi
2nd person wastaftahi mwastaftahi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) astaftahi wastaftahi
m-mi(III/IV) wastaftahi yastaftahi
ji-ma(V/VI) lastaftahi yastaftahi
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chastaftahi vyastaftahi
n(IX/X) yastaftahi zastaftahi
u(XI) wastaftahi see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwastaftahi
pa(XVI) pastaftahi
mu(XVIII) mwastaftahi
Perfect positive subject concord + -mestaftahi
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshastaftahi
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jastaftahi
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kistaftahi
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipostaftahi
Consecutive kastaftahi / positive subject concord + -kastaftahi
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kastaftahi
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nistaftahi -tustaftahi
2nd person -kustaftahi -wastaftahi/-kustaftahini/-wastaftahini
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mstaftahi -wastaftahi
m-mi(III/IV) -ustaftahi -istaftahi
ji-ma(V/VI) -listaftahi -yastaftahi
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kistaftahi -vistaftahi
n(IX/X) -istaftahi -zistaftahi
u(XI) -ustaftahi see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kustaftahi
pa(XVI) -pastaftahi
mu(XVIII) -mustaftahi
Reflexive -jistaftahi
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -staftahi- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -staftahiye -staftahio
m-mi(III/IV) -staftahio -staftahiyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -staftahilo -staftahiyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -staftahicho -staftahivyo
n(IX/X) -staftahiyo -staftahizo
u(XI) -staftahio see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -staftahiko
pa(XVI) -staftahipo
mu(XVIII) -staftahimo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -staftahi)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yestaftahi -ostaftahi
m-mi(III/IV) -ostaftahi -yostaftahi
ji-ma(V/VI) -lostaftahi -yostaftahi
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chostaftahi -vyostaftahi
n(IX/X) -yostaftahi -zostaftahi
u(XI) -ostaftahi see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kostaftahi
pa(XVI) -postaftahi
mu(XVIII) -mostaftahi
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.