Wiktionary

吉

See also: 𠮷, 喆, 吿, 告, 古, 舌, and 舎
吉 U+5409, 吉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5409
← 合
[U+5408] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 吊 →
[U+540A]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

吉 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 土口 (GR), four-corner 40601, composition ⿱士口)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 175, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3289
  • Dae Jaweon: page 389, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 576, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5409

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 吉
alternative forms 𠮷

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 吉
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (吉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
秸 *kriːl, *kriːd
髻 *kiːds
夡 *kʰids
鴶 *kriːd
袺 *kriːd, *kiːd
頡 *kriːd, *ɡiːd
劼 *kʰriːd
硈 *kʰriːd
咭 *kʰriːd, *ɡlid, *qʰlid
黠 *ɡriːd
聐 *ŋreːd
趌 *ked, *klid, *kʰid, *ɡrid
結 *kiːd
拮 *kiːd, *klid
桔 *kiːd
狤 *kiːd, *klid, *ɡrid
擷 *qʰiːd, *ɡiːd
襭 *ɡiːd
翓 *ɡiːd
纈 *ɡiːd
吉 *klid
郆 *kid
詰 *kʰid
蛣 *kʰid
佶 *ɡlid, *ɡrid
鮚 *ɡrid
姞 *ɡrid
欯 *qʰlid
恄 *qʰlid

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kjit (“happy; pleased”) (STEDT). Also compare Tibetan སྐྱིད་པ (skyid pa, “to be happy”) and Burmese ချစ် (hkyac, “to love, to be pleased”) (Schuessler, 2007, Hill, 2019).

Cantonese sense of “empty” arises from avoidance of 空 (hung1), which is homophonous to 凶 (hung1, “inauspicious”).

The Taiwanese Chinese sense of “to sue” arises from avoidance of 告 (gào, “to sue”), which is a typo form of it.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • Xiamen:
    • kiat - vernacular;
    • kit - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 吉
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕi³⁵/
Harbin /t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
/t͡ɕi²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡ɕi⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Qingdao /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xi'an /t͡ɕi²¹/
Xining /t͡ɕji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕi⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕi¹³/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Wuhan /t͡ɕi²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡ɕie³¹/
/t͡ɕi³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕi²¹/
Kunming /t͡ɕi³¹/
Nanjing /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕiʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕiəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡ɕiəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡ɕi⁵/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕiʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /kit̚¹/
Taoyuan /kit̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /kɐt̚⁵/
Nanning /kɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /kɐt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kit̚³²/
/kiat̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kɛiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ki²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /kik̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /kit̚⁵/
Rime
Character 吉
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 眞 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 居質切
Baxter kjit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kiɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kit̚/
Li
Rong 		/kiĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/kĭĕt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ki̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ji
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gat1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 吉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jí
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kjit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.qi[t]/ (*C.q- > *k-, escaping palatalization)
English auspicious

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 吉
Reading # 1/1
No. 5692
Phonetic
component 		吉
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		吉
Old
Chinese 		/*klid/
Notes 甲文象供品在口表神佑吉利

Definitions edit

吉

  1. auspicious; lucky
    Antonym: 凶 (xiōng)
    吉利  ―  jílì  ―  auspicious; lucky
  2. good
  3. (Cantonese, euphemistic) empty
    橫掂有間房吉咗喺度，不如租畀人住啊。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    横掂有间房吉咗喺度，不如租畀人住啊。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    waang4 dim6 jau5 gaan1 fong4-2 gat1 zo2 hai2 dou6, bat1 jyu4 zou1 bei2 jan4 zyu6 aa1. [Jyutping]
    Since there's an empty room, why don't we rent it out?
    交吉卷 [Cantonese]  ―  gaau1 gat1 gyun2 [Jyutping]  ―  Hand out an unanswered (empty) exam paper
  4. (Cantonese, euphemistic) emptiness; nothingness
    勞碌一生得個吉 [Cantonese, trad.]
    劳碌一生得个吉 [Cantonese, simp.]
    lou4 luk1 jat1 sang1 dak1 go3 gat1 [Jyutping]
    A lifetime of labor amounts to nothing
  5. Short for 吉林 (Jílín, “Jilin Province”).
  6. a surname
  7. (Taiwan, Internet slang) to accuse; to sue; to file a lawsuit; to press charges
    這我一定吉／这我一定吉  ―  zhè wǒ yīdìng jí  ―  I will definitely sue for this
  8. (～縣) Ji County (a county of Linfen, Shanxi, China)

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 空 (“empty; void”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 空
Mandarin Beijing 空
Taiwan 空
Jinan 空
Xi'an 空
Wuhan 空
Chengdu 空
Yangzhou 空
Hefei 空
Cantonese Guangzhou 空, 吉
Hong Kong 空, 吉
Taishan 空
Yangjiang 空
Gan Nanchang 空
Hakka Meixian 空
Jin Taiyuan 空
Northern Min Jian'ou 空
Eastern Min Fuzhou 空
Southern Min Xiamen 空
Quanzhou 空
Zhangzhou 空
Tainan 空
Chaozhou 空
Jieyang 空
Wu Suzhou 空
Wenzhou 空
Xiang Changsha 空
Shuangfeng 空

Descendants edit

  • → English: Ji

Compounds edit

References edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

吉

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
吉
きち
Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative forms edit

Noun edit

吉(きち) • (kichi) 

  1. good luck

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
吉
きつ
Grade: S
on’yomi

Noun edit

吉(きつ) • (kitsu) 

  1. Alternative form of 吉 (kichi, “good luck”)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

吉 (eumhun 길할 길 (gilhal gil))

  1. Hanja form? of 길 (“luck”).

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

吉: Hán Việt readings: cát[1][2][3][4][5][6]
吉: Nôm readings: kiết[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of cát (“auspicious, lucky”).

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Génibrel (1898).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bonet (1899).
  3. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  4. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ^ Trần (1999).
  6. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
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