畀

See also: 畁, 𢌿, 𢍁, 𢍉, and 異

畀	U+7540, 畀 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7540

← 甿
[U+753F]

CJK Unified Ideographs

畁 →
[U+7541]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

畀 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 田一中 (WML), four-corner 6022₁, composition ⿱田丌)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 759, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21748
Dae Jaweon: page 1169, character 17
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2530, character 6
Unihan data for U+7540

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 畀
Shang	Western Zhou	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (畀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
箅	piːds, pids
濞	pʰiːds, pʰrids
畀	*pids
痹	*pids
淠	*pʰrids
嚊	*pʰrids
鼻	*blids
襣	*bids

In the oracle bone script, it was a pictogram (象形) of an arrow with a flat arrowhead (cf. 矢, an arrow) – original character of 錍 (OC *pʰeː, *pe, “arrow with a flat arrowhead”).

In the bronze script, a dot was added to the centre, which later became a short line. The bottom of the glyph eventually corrupted into 廾 or 丌. On the basis of the latter shape, Shuowen erroneously interprets the character as a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pids) : phonetic 甶 (OC *pɯd) + semantic 丌 (“pedestal”).

Etymology 1 edit

simp. and trad.		畀
alternative forms		畁𢌿𢍁𢍉𢮅畁𢌿𢍁𢍉𢮅𢮧俾 colloquial Cantonese 比 colloquial Cantonese 捭 colloquial Cantonese

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-bəj-n/k (“to give”). Cognate with Tibetan སྦྱིན (sbyin, “to give, to bestow”), Burmese ပေး (pe:, “to give”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bì (bi⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): bei², bei³

(Taishan, Wiktionary): ei²
Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): bi⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): bé
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pì

(Teochew, Peng'im): bi³ / bi²
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁵pi

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bì
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bì
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴
  - Yale: bì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bih
  - Palladius: би (bi)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bei², bei³
  - Yale: béi, bei
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bei², bei³
  - Guangdong Romanization: béi², béi³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pei̯³⁵/, /pei̯³³/

Note:

bei2 - vernacular;
bei3 - literary.

(Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ei²
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ei⁵⁵/

Hakka
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pi⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: bé
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛi²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì
  - Tâi-lô: pì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pix
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pi²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bi³ / bi²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pì / pí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi²¹³/, /pi⁵²/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁵pi
  - MiniDict: pi^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²pi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pi³⁴/

Middle Chinese: pjijH

Rime
Character	畀
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	必至切
Baxter	pjijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/piɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pjɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pi^H/
Li Rong	/pi^H/
Wang Li	/pi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bei³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pi[t]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*pids/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	畀
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bì
Middle Chinese	‹ pjij^H ›
Old Chinese	/*pi[t]-s/
English	give
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	畀
Reading #	1/1
No.	606
Phonetic component	畀
Rime group	至
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	痹
Old Chinese	/*pids/

Definitions edit

畀

(literary or Cantonese) to give
- 王崩，周人將畀虢公政。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  王崩，周人将畀虢公政。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Wáng bēng, zhōu rén jiāng bì Guó Gōng zhèng. [Pinyin]
  The king (of Zhou) has died. The people of Zhou will give power to the Duke of Guo.
- 1853, “序言”, in 遐邇貫珍 [Chinese Serial], volume 1, number 1:
  
  上帝創造斯世、各國咸畀以境土 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  上帝创造斯世、各国咸畀以境土 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  soeng⁶ dai³ cong³ zou⁶ si¹ sai³, gok³ gwok³ haam⁴ bei² ji⁵ ging² tou² [Jyutping]
  […] God created this world; all the countries are given their territories […]
畀三張紙我。 [Cantonese, trad.]
畀三张纸我。 [Cantonese, simp.]
bei² saam¹ zoeng¹ zi² ngo⁵. [Jyutping]
Give me three sheets of paper.
(Cantonese, dated) to use
(Cantonese, dated or uncommon) to add
畀啲鹽／畀啲盐 [Cantonese] ― bei² di¹ jim⁴ [Jyutping] ― to add some salt

畀油 [Cantonese] ― bei² jau^4-2 [Jyutping] ― to accelerate (a vehicle) (literally, “to add fuel”)
(Cantonese) to pay
See also: 畀錢

畀入場費／畀入场费 [Cantonese] ― bei² jap⁶ coeng⁴ fai³ [Jyutping] ― to pay the entrance fee
(Cantonese) to allow; to let
老師唔畀我哋上緊堂嗰時飲水。 [Cantonese, trad.]
老师唔畀我哋上紧堂嗰时饮水。 [Cantonese, simp.]
lou⁵ si¹ m⁴ bei² ngo⁵ dei⁶ soeng⁵ gan² tong⁴ go² si⁴ jam² seoi². [Jyutping]
The teacher doesn't let us drink water during class.
(Cantonese) for
原先係畀你食嘅。 [Cantonese, trad.]
原先系畀你食嘅。 [Cantonese, simp.]
jyun⁴ sin¹ hai⁶ bei² nei⁵ sik⁶ ge³. [Jyutping]
It was originally for you to eat.
(Cantonese) to
講畀你知／讲畀你知 [Cantonese] ― gong² bei² nei⁵ zi¹ [Jyutping] ― to tell you

送份禮物畀老師 [Cantonese, trad.]
送份礼物畀老师 [Cantonese, simp.]
sung³ fan⁶ lai⁵ mat⁶ bei² lou⁵ si¹ [Jyutping]
to give the teacher a present
(Cantonese) by
我畀蚊咬呀。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
ngo⁵ bei² man¹ ngaau⁵ aa³. [Jyutping]
I got bitten by a mosquito.

我隻錶畀人偷咗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
我只表畀人偷咗。 [Cantonese, simp.]
ngo⁵ zek³ biu¹ bei² jan⁴ tau¹ zo². [Jyutping]
My watch has been stolen (by someone).

Usage notes edit

In Cantonese, when 畀 is used as a ditransitive verb meaning “to give”, the indirect object usually follows the direct object.
In a passive-voice sentence in Cantonese, 畀 is always followed by an object and not a verb, unlike Mandarin 被 (bèi) which can be followed by an object or a verb. 人 (jan4) can be used as a dummy object when the doer is not specified.

Synonyms edit

Dialectal synonyms of 給 (“to give”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		予, 畀
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		給
Mandarin	Beijing	給
	Taiwan	給
	Tianjin	給
	Jinan	給
	Xi'an	給
	Wuhan	把, 把得, 給
	Chengdu	給
	Guilin	給
	Yangzhou	把, 給
	Hefei	給
	Malaysia	給
	Singapore	給
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Macau	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Dongguan	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	畀
	Penang (Guangfu)	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	把
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	分
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	得
	Kuching (Hepo)	分
Jin	Taiyuan	給
Northern Min	Jian'ou	吶
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	乞
Southern Min	Xiamen	予
	Quanzhou	予, 傳
	Zhangzhou	予
	Zhao'an	予
	Taipei	予
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Yilan	予
	Changhua (Lukang)	予
	Taichung	予
	Taichung (Wuqi)	予
	Tainan	予
	Taitung	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Kinmen	予
	Penghu (Magong)	予
	Penang (Hokkien)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	予
	Manila (Hokkien)	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	乞
	Jieyang	分, 乞
	Haifeng	分, 予
	Singapore (Teochew)	乞
	Pontianak (Teochew)	分, 乞
	Leizhou	乞
	Wenchang	分
	Haikou	要
Wu	Shanghai	撥, 撥辣
	Suzhou	撥
	Ningbo	撥
	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	把

Dialectal synonyms of 被 (“by”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		被
Mandarin	Beijing	讓, 叫, 給
	Taiwan	讓, 叫, 給
	Jinan	叫, 讓
	Xi'an	叫
	Wuhan	把得
	Chengdu	遭, 叫
	Yangzhou	給, 把
	Hefei	給, 叫
	Malaysia	被, 給
	Singapore	被, 讓, 給
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	畀
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	畀
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	畀
	Macau	畀
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	畀
	Guangzhou (Conghua)	畀
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	畀
	Foshan	畀
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	畀
	Foshan (Shunde)	畀
	Foshan (Sanshui)	畀
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	畀
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	畀
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	畀
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	畀
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	畀
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	畀
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	畀
	Taishan	畀
	Kaiping (Chikan)	畀
	Enping (Niujiang)	畀
	Heshan (Yayao)	畀
	Dongguan	畀
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	畀
	Shaoguan	畀
	Yunfu	畀
	Yangjiang	畀
	Xinyi	畀
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	讓, 等
Hakka	Meixian	分
	Xingning	分
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	畀
	Huiyang	分
	Huidong (Daling)	分
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	分
	Boluo (Bendihua)	畀
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	分
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	畀
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	分
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	把
	Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua)	畀
	Heping (Linzhai Bendihua)	把
	Lianping (Longjie Bendihua)	分
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	分
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	分
	Liannan	分
	Conghua (Lütian)	分
	Jiexi	分
	Changting	得
	Wuping	得
	Wuping (Pingyu)	得
	Liancheng	給
	Ninghua	分
	Ruijin	得
	Shicheng	得
	Shangyou (Shexi)	討
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	分
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	分
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	分
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	分
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	分
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	得
	Hong Kong	分
	Senai (Huiyang)	分
	Kuching (Hepo)	分
Jin	Taiyuan	叫, 給
Northern Min	Jian'ou	吶
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	乞
Southern Min	Xiamen	予, 乞
	Quanzhou	予, 乞, 傳
	Zhangzhou	予, 乞
	Taipei	予
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	予
	Kaohsiung	予
	Yilan	予
	Changhua (Lukang)	予
	Taichung	予
	Tainan	予
	Hsinchu	予
	Kinmen	予
	Penghu (Magong)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	予
	Manila (Hokkien)	予
	Chaozhou	分, 乞
	Shantou	分, 乞, 予
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	乞
	Jieyang	分
	Leizhou	乞
	Haikou	要
Wu	Shanghai	撥, 撥辣
	Suzhou	撥, 撥勒
	Ningbo	撥, 撥人家
	Wenzhou	匄
Xiang	Changsha	聽, 撈, 讓, 被
Xiang	Shuangfeng	耗

Dialectal synonyms of 付 (“to pay”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		付
Mandarin	Taiwan	付
	Guilin	付
	Yangzhou	付
	Malaysia	還, 付
	Singapore	還, 付
Cantonese	Guangzhou	畀
	Hong Kong	畀
	Singapore (Guangfu)	畀
Gan	Nanchang	付
Hakka	Kuching (Hepo)	還
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	付
Southern Min	Tainan	付
	Penang (Hokkien)	予
	Singapore (Hokkien)	還
	Manila (Hokkien)	把拉, 還 obsolete
Wu	Shanghai	付