See also: مضر

Arabic

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Etymology 1

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From a common Semitic source; compare Hebrew מִצְרַיִם (miṣráyim), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (mṣrm), and Akkadian 𒈪𒄑𒊑𒄿 (miṣru) or 𒈬𒀫 (muṣru). The ending in Hebrew and Ugaritic is the standard dual form, perhaps related to the ancient conceptualization of Egypt as two realms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. Conflated with the root م ص ر (m ṣ r) in some senses (see below).

The sense of Cairo stems from the earlier settlement مِصْرُ الفُسْطَاط (miṣru l-fusṭāṭ, the Civil Center of Assembly, literally of the large camel-hair tents, assembly halls) that was incorporated into Cairo.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /misˤr/
  • Audio:(file)

Proper noun

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مِصْر (miṣrf

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
  2. (dialectal, Egypt) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)
Declension
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Declension of noun مِصْر (miṣr)
singular basic singular diptote
indefinite definite construct
informal مِصْر
miṣr
nominative مِصْرُ
miṣru
accusative مِصْرَ
miṣra
genitive مِصْرَ
miṣra
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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From the root م ص ر (m ṣ r), whose significations may have been partially influenced by the name of the North African region.

Noun

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مِصْر (miṣrm (plural أَمْصَار (ʔamṣār))

  1. border, boundary, limit, march, neighboring territory
  2. separate area, district, province, city-state
  3. big city, metropolis, capital
  4. garrison town, a military fort, an incorporated area; a colony often to establish regional control, a civilizing or cultural settlement
    1. (in the dual) Kufa and Basra
    2. (in the dual) Fustat and Kairouan
Declension
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Declension of noun مِصْر (miṣr)
singular basic singular triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal مِصْر
miṣr
الْمِصْر
al-miṣr
مِصْر
miṣr
nominative مِصْرٌ
miṣrun
الْمِصْرُ
al-miṣru
مِصْرُ
miṣru
accusative مِصْرًا
miṣran
الْمِصْرَ
al-miṣra
مِصْرَ
miṣra
genitive مِصْرٍ
miṣrin
الْمِصْرِ
al-miṣri
مِصْرِ
miṣri
dual indefinite definite construct
informal مِصْرَيْن
miṣrayn
الْمِصْرَيْن
al-miṣrayn
مِصْرَيْ
miṣray
nominative مِصْرَانِ
miṣrāni
الْمِصْرَانِ
al-miṣrāni
مِصْرَا
miṣrā
accusative مِصْرَيْنِ
miṣrayni
الْمِصْرَيْنِ
al-miṣrayni
مِصْرَيْ
miṣray
genitive مِصْرَيْنِ
miṣrayni
الْمِصْرَيْنِ
al-miṣrayni
مِصْرَيْ
miṣray
plural basic broken plural triptote
indefinite definite construct
informal أَمْصَار
ʔamṣār
الْأَمْصَار
al-ʔamṣār
أَمْصَار
ʔamṣār
nominative أَمْصَارٌ
ʔamṣārun
الْأَمْصَارُ
al-ʔamṣāru
أَمْصَارُ
ʔamṣāru
accusative أَمْصَارًا
ʔamṣāran
الْأَمْصَارَ
al-ʔamṣāra
أَمْصَارَ
ʔamṣāra
genitive أَمْصَارٍ
ʔamṣārin
الْأَمْصَارِ
al-ʔamṣāri
أَمْصَارِ
ʔamṣāri
Derived terms
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  • مَصَّرَ (maṣṣara, to found (a city), to settle; to urbanize)
  • تَمَصَّرَ (tamaṣṣara, to become a city)

Etymology 3

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From the root م ص ر (m ṣ r), with senses relating to Egypt deriving directly from مِصْر (miṣr, Egypt).

Verb

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مَصَّرَ (maṣṣara) II (non-past يُمَصِّرُ (yumaṣṣiru), verbal noun تَمْصِير (tamṣīr))

  1. (transitive) to build or found (a city), to settle or people (a region), to colonize; to civilize
    Synonyms: اِسْتَعْمَرَ (istaʕmara), اِسْتَوْطَنَ (istawṭana)
  2. (transitive) to make Egyptian, to Egyptianize
Conjugation
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Conjugation of مَصَّرَ (II, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَمْصِير)
verbal noun
الْمَصْدَر
تَمْصِير
tamṣīr
active participle
اِسْم الْفَاعِل
مُمَصِّر
mumaṣṣir
passive participle
اِسْم الْمَفْعُول
مُمَصَّر
mumaṣṣar
active voice
الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m مَصَّرْتُ
maṣṣartu
مَصَّرْتَ
maṣṣarta
مَصَّرَ
maṣṣara
مَصَّرْتُمَا
maṣṣartumā
مَصَّرَا
maṣṣarā
مَصَّرْنَا
maṣṣarnā
مَصَّرْتُمْ
maṣṣartum
مَصَّرُوا
maṣṣarū
f مَصَّرْتِ
maṣṣarti
مَصَّرَتْ
maṣṣarat
مَصَّرَتَا
maṣṣaratā
مَصَّرْتُنَّ
maṣṣartunna
مَصَّرْنَ
maṣṣarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أُمَصِّرُ
ʔumaṣṣiru
تُمَصِّرُ
tumaṣṣiru
يُمَصِّرُ
yumaṣṣiru
تُمَصِّرَانِ
tumaṣṣirāni
يُمَصِّرَانِ
yumaṣṣirāni
نُمَصِّرُ
numaṣṣiru
تُمَصِّرُونَ
tumaṣṣirūna
يُمَصِّرُونَ
yumaṣṣirūna
f تُمَصِّرِينَ
tumaṣṣirīna
تُمَصِّرُ
tumaṣṣiru
تُمَصِّرَانِ
tumaṣṣirāni
تُمَصِّرْنَ
tumaṣṣirna
يُمَصِّرْنَ
yumaṣṣirna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أُمَصِّرَ
ʔumaṣṣira
تُمَصِّرَ
tumaṣṣira
يُمَصِّرَ
yumaṣṣira
تُمَصِّرَا
tumaṣṣirā
يُمَصِّرَا
yumaṣṣirā
نُمَصِّرَ
numaṣṣira
تُمَصِّرُوا
tumaṣṣirū
يُمَصِّرُوا
yumaṣṣirū
f تُمَصِّرِي
tumaṣṣirī
تُمَصِّرَ
tumaṣṣira
تُمَصِّرَا
tumaṣṣirā
تُمَصِّرْنَ
tumaṣṣirna
يُمَصِّرْنَ
yumaṣṣirna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أُمَصِّرْ
ʔumaṣṣir
تُمَصِّرْ
tumaṣṣir
يُمَصِّرْ
yumaṣṣir
تُمَصِّرَا
tumaṣṣirā
يُمَصِّرَا
yumaṣṣirā
نُمَصِّرْ
numaṣṣir
تُمَصِّرُوا
tumaṣṣirū
يُمَصِّرُوا
yumaṣṣirū
f تُمَصِّرِي
tumaṣṣirī
تُمَصِّرْ
tumaṣṣir
تُمَصِّرَا
tumaṣṣirā
تُمَصِّرْنَ
tumaṣṣirna
يُمَصِّرْنَ
yumaṣṣirna
imperative
الْأَمْر
m مَصِّرْ
maṣṣir
مَصِّرَا
maṣṣirā
مَصِّرُوا
maṣṣirū
f مَصِّرِي
maṣṣirī
مَصِّرْنَ
maṣṣirna
passive voice
الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
singular
الْمُفْرَد
dual
الْمُثَنَّى
plural
الْجَمْع
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
1st person
الْمُتَكَلِّم
2nd person
الْمُخَاطَب
3rd person
الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative
الْمَاضِي
m مُصِّرْتُ
muṣṣirtu
مُصِّرْتَ
muṣṣirta
مُصِّرَ
muṣṣira
مُصِّرْتُمَا
muṣṣirtumā
مُصِّرَا
muṣṣirā
مُصِّرْنَا
muṣṣirnā
مُصِّرْتُمْ
muṣṣirtum
مُصِّرُوا
muṣṣirū
f مُصِّرْتِ
muṣṣirti
مُصِّرَتْ
muṣṣirat
مُصِّرَتَا
muṣṣiratā
مُصِّرْتُنَّ
muṣṣirtunna
مُصِّرْنَ
muṣṣirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative
الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع
m أُمَصَّرُ
ʔumaṣṣaru
تُمَصَّرُ
tumaṣṣaru
يُمَصَّرُ
yumaṣṣaru
تُمَصَّرَانِ
tumaṣṣarāni
يُمَصَّرَانِ
yumaṣṣarāni
نُمَصَّرُ
numaṣṣaru
تُمَصَّرُونَ
tumaṣṣarūna
يُمَصَّرُونَ
yumaṣṣarūna
f تُمَصَّرِينَ
tumaṣṣarīna
تُمَصَّرُ
tumaṣṣaru
تُمَصَّرَانِ
tumaṣṣarāni
تُمَصَّرْنَ
tumaṣṣarna
يُمَصَّرْنَ
yumaṣṣarna
subjunctive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب
m أُمَصَّرَ
ʔumaṣṣara
تُمَصَّرَ
tumaṣṣara
يُمَصَّرَ
yumaṣṣara
تُمَصَّرَا
tumaṣṣarā
يُمَصَّرَا
yumaṣṣarā
نُمَصَّرَ
numaṣṣara
تُمَصَّرُوا
tumaṣṣarū
يُمَصَّرُوا
yumaṣṣarū
f تُمَصَّرِي
tumaṣṣarī
تُمَصَّرَ
tumaṣṣara
تُمَصَّرَا
tumaṣṣarā
تُمَصَّرْنَ
tumaṣṣarna
يُمَصَّرْنَ
yumaṣṣarna
jussive
الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم
m أُمَصَّرْ
ʔumaṣṣar
تُمَصَّرْ
tumaṣṣar
يُمَصَّرْ
yumaṣṣar
تُمَصَّرَا
tumaṣṣarā
يُمَصَّرَا
yumaṣṣarā
نُمَصَّرْ
numaṣṣar
تُمَصَّرُوا
tumaṣṣarū
يُمَصَّرُوا
yumaṣṣarū
f تُمَصَّرِي
tumaṣṣarī
تُمَصَّرْ
tumaṣṣar
تُمَصَّرَا
tumaṣṣarā
تُمَصَّرْنَ
tumaṣṣarna
يُمَصَّرْنَ
yumaṣṣarna
Derived terms
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  • تَمْصِير (tamṣīr, settlement, civilization, colonization; Egyptianization)

Etymology 4

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Root
ص ر ر (ṣ r r)
5 terms

Derived from the active participle of أَصَرّ (ʔaṣarr, to persist in).

Adjective

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مُصِرّ (muṣirr) (feminine مُصِرَّة (muṣirra), masculine plural مُصِرُّونَ (muṣirrūna), feminine plural مُصِرَّات (muṣirrāt))

  1. insistent
Declension
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Declension of adjective مُصِرّ (muṣirr)
singular masculine feminine
basic singular triptote singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
indefinite definite indefinite definite
informal مُصِرّ
muṣirr
الْمُصِرّ
al-muṣirr
مُصِرَّة
muṣirra
الْمُصِرَّة
al-muṣirra
nominative مُصِرٌّ
muṣirrun
الْمُصِرُّ
al-muṣirru
مُصِرَّةٌ
muṣirratun
الْمُصِرَّةُ
al-muṣirratu
accusative مُصِرًّا
muṣirran
الْمُصِرَّ
al-muṣirra
مُصِرَّةً
muṣirratan
الْمُصِرَّةَ
al-muṣirrata
genitive مُصِرٍّ
muṣirrin
الْمُصِرِّ
al-muṣirri
مُصِرَّةٍ
muṣirratin
الْمُصِرَّةِ
al-muṣirrati
dual masculine feminine
indefinite definite indefinite definite
informal مُصِرَّيْن
muṣirrayn
الْمُصِرَّيْن
al-muṣirrayn
مُصِرَّتَيْن
muṣirratayn
الْمُصِرَّتَيْن
al-muṣirratayn
nominative مُصِرَّانِ
muṣirrāni
الْمُصِرَّانِ
al-muṣirrāni
مُصِرَّتَانِ
muṣirratāni
الْمُصِرَّتَانِ
al-muṣirratāni
accusative مُصِرَّيْنِ
muṣirrayni
الْمُصِرَّيْنِ
al-muṣirrayni
مُصِرَّتَيْنِ
muṣirratayni
الْمُصِرَّتَيْنِ
al-muṣirratayni
genitive مُصِرَّيْنِ
muṣirrayni
الْمُصِرَّيْنِ
al-muṣirrayni
مُصِرَّتَيْنِ
muṣirratayni
الْمُصِرَّتَيْنِ
al-muṣirratayni
plural masculine feminine
sound masculine plural sound feminine plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
informal مُصِرِّين
muṣirrīn
الْمُصِرِّين
al-muṣirrīn
مُصِرَّات
muṣirrāt
الْمُصِرَّات
al-muṣirrāt
nominative مُصِرُّونَ
muṣirrūna
الْمُصِرُّونَ
al-muṣirrūna
مُصِرَّاتٌ
muṣirrātun
الْمُصِرَّاتُ
al-muṣirrātu
accusative مُصِرِّينَ
muṣirrīna
الْمُصِرِّينَ
al-muṣirrīna
مُصِرَّاتٍ
muṣirrātin
الْمُصِرَّاتِ
al-muṣirrāti
genitive مُصِرِّينَ
muṣirrīna
الْمُصِرِّينَ
al-muṣirrīna
مُصِرَّاتٍ
muṣirrātin
الْمُصِرَّاتِ
al-muṣirrāti

References

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  • Wehr, Hans (1979) “مصر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Egyptian Arabic

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Egyptian Arabic Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia arz

Etymology

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From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr). The sense of Cairo comes from the earlier settlement مِصْر الْفُسْطَاطِ (miṣr al-fusṭāṭi, the Civil Center of Assembly) that was incorporated into Cairo.

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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مصر (maṣrf

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
  2. (informal) Cairo (the capital city of Egypt)
    Synonym: القاهرة (il-qāhira)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Hijazi Arabic

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مَصُر
 
عَلَم مَصُر

Etymology 1

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From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ma.sˤur/, [ma.sˤʊr]

Proper noun

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مَصُر (maṣurf

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
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Etymology 2

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From Arabic مُصِرّ (muṣirr).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /mu.sˤirr/, [mʊ.sˤɪrr]

Adjective

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مُصِرّ (muṣirr) (feminine مُصِرَّة (muṣirra), common plural مُصِرِّين (muṣirrīn))

  1. persistent
  2. determined, insistent

Moroccan Arabic

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Etymology

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From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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مِصْر (miṣrf

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Derived terms

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Ottoman Turkish

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Proper noun

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مصر (Mısır)

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Derived terms

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Descendants

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Noun

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مصر (mısır)

  1. maize, corn

Descendants

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References

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Pashto

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Pashto Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ps

Etymology

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From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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مصر (misrm

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Persian

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Persian Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia fa

Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? misr
Dari reading? misr
Iranian reading? mesr
Tajik reading? misr

Proper noun

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Dari مصر
Iranian Persian
Tajik Миср

مِصْر (mesr)

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
    • 1611, ʿAbd al-Sattār ibn Qāsim Lāhōrī, مجالس جهانگیری [Majālis-i Jahāngīrī]:
      این كمترین مریدان حكایتی از جنگ كردن سلطان صالح‌الدین مصر به فرنگیان كه از غرابت خالی نبوده به عرض اقـدس مـیرسانید.
      īn kamtarīn murīdān hikāyatē az jang kardan-i sultān sālah-ad-dīn-i misr ba farangīyān ki az ġurābat xālī na-būda ba arz-i aqdas mē-rasānīd.
      We humblest servants told a story in his imperial presence about the war that Sultan Saladin of Egypt had waged against the Crusaders, which was not devoid of marvels.
  2. (archaic) Cairo (the capital and largest city of Egypt)
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Arabic مُصِرّ (muṣirr).

Pronunciation

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Readings
Classical reading? mosirr
Dari reading? mosirr
Iranian reading? moserr
Tajik reading? mosirr

Adjective

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مُصِرّ (moserr)

  1. (uncommon, literary) insistent

Punjabi

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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مِصَر (miṣarf (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਿਸਰ)

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

South Levantine Arabic

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Etymology

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From Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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مصر (maṣrf

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
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Urdu

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Urdu Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ur

Etymology

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Borrowed from Classical Persian مِصْر (misr), from Arabic مِصْر (miṣr).

Pronunciation

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Proper noun

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مِصْر (misrf (Hindi spelling मिस्र)

  1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
    • 2004, مرزا طاہر احمد [Mirza Tahir Ahmad], رَبِّ اِنِّی لِمَا اَنزَلتَ اِلَیَّ مِن خَیر فَقِیر (poetry), quoted in کلامِ طاہر [Kalam-e-Tahir], pages 99-100:
      مصر جانے کو جی مچلتا ہے
      miṣr jāne ko jī macaltā hai
      My heart yearns to go to Egypt
  2. (by extension) cities south of Cairo in Egypt.
  3. (figuratively) Cairo (a city in Egypt).

See also

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Noun

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مِصْر (misrf (Hindi spelling मिस्र)

  1. a city; centre; country
  2. limit, extent (between two items)
  3. sword; blade

Further reading

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  • مصر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • مصر”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2025.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “مصر”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “مصر”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • John Shakespear (1834) “مصر”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC