مصر

See also: مضر‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From a common Semitic source; compare Hebrew מִצְרַיִם‎ (miṣráyim), Ugaritic 𐎎𐎕𐎗𐎎 (mṣrm), and Akkadian 𒈪𒄑𒊑𒄿 (miṣru) or 𒈬𒀫 (muṣru). The ending in Hebrew and Ugaritic is the standard dual form, perhaps related to the ancient conceptualization of Egypt as two realms: Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt. The sense of Cairo stemming from the earlier settlement مِصْرُ الفُسْطَاط‎ (miṣru l-fusṭāṭ, “the Civil Center of Assembly”, literally “of the large camel-hair tents, assembly halls”) that was incorporated. Conflated with the root م ص ر‎ (m-ṣ-r) in some senses (see below).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /misˤr/

• Audio

  (file)

Proper noun

مِصْر • (miṣr) f

1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)
2. (dialectal, Egypt) Cairo (a city in Egypt)

Declension

Declension of noun مِصْر (miṣr)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	مِصْر miṣr	—
Nominative	—	مِصْرُ miṣru	—
Accusative	—	مِصْرَ miṣra	—
Genitive	—	مِصْرَ miṣra	—

Derived terms

• مِصْرِيّ‎ (miṣriyy, “Egyptian”)
• مِصْرِيَّة‎ (miṣriyya, “Egyptian woman”)
• مَصَّرَ‎ (maṣṣara, “to Egyptianize”)
• تَمَصَّرَ‎ (tamaṣṣara, “to become Egyptian”)
• مِصْرِيَّة‎ (miṣriyya, “Egyptianism”)

Descendants

• → Ottoman Turkish: مصر‎ (Mısır) (see there for further descendants)
• → Swahili: Umisri

Etymology 2

From the root م ص ر‎ (m-ṣ-r), whose significations may have been partially influenced by the name of the North African region.

Noun

مِصْر • (miṣr) m (plural أَمْصَار‎ (ʾamṣār))

1. border, boundary, limit, march, neighboring territory
2. separate area, district, province, city-state
3. big city, metropolis, capital
4. garrison town, a military fort, an incorporated area; a colony often to establish regional control, a civilizing or cultural settlement,
   1. (in the dual) Kufa and Basra
   2. (in the dual) Fustat and Kairouan

Declension

Declension of noun مِصْر (miṣr)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مِصْر miṣr	الْمِصْر‎ al-miṣr	مِصْر miṣr
Nominative	مِصْرٌ miṣrun	الْمِصْرُ‎ al-miṣru	مِصْرُ miṣru
Accusative	مِصْرًا‎ miṣran	الْمِصْرَ‎ al-miṣra	مِصْرَ miṣra
Genitive	مِصْرٍ miṣrin	الْمِصْرِ‎ al-miṣri	مِصْرِ miṣri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	مِصْرَيْن‎ miṣrayn	الْمِصْرَيْن‎ al-miṣrayn	مِصْرَيْ‎ miṣray
Nominative	مِصْرَانِ‎ miṣrāni	الْمِصْرَانِ‎ al-miṣrāni	مِصْرَا‎ miṣrā
Accusative	مِصْرَيْنِ‎ miṣrayni	الْمِصْرَيْنِ‎ al-miṣrayni	مِصْرَيْ‎ miṣray
Genitive	مِصْرَيْنِ‎ miṣrayni	الْمِصْرَيْنِ‎ al-miṣrayni	مِصْرَيْ‎ miṣray
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَمْصَار‎ ʾamṣār	الْأَمْصَار‎ al-ʾamṣār	أَمْصَار‎ ʾamṣār
Nominative	أَمْصَارٌ‎ ʾamṣārun	الْأَمْصَارُ‎ al-ʾamṣāru	أَمْصَارُ‎ ʾamṣāru
Accusative	أَمْصَارًا‎ ʾamṣāran	الْأَمْصَارَ‎ al-ʾamṣāra	أَمْصَارَ‎ ʾamṣāra
Genitive	أَمْصَارٍ‎ ʾamṣārin	الْأَمْصَارِ‎ al-ʾamṣāri	أَمْصَارِ‎ ʾamṣāri

Derived terms

• مَصَّرَ‎ (maṣṣara, “to found (a city), to settle; to urbanize”)
• تَمَصَّرَ‎ (tamaṣṣara, “to become a city”)

Etymology 3

From the root م ص ر‎ (m-ṣ-r), with senses relating to Egypt deriving directly from مِصْر‎ (miṣr, “Egypt”).

Verb

مَصَّرَ • (maṣṣara) II, non-past يُمَصِّرُ‎‎ (yumaṣṣiru)

1. (transitive) to build or found (a city), to settle or people (a region), to colonize; to civilize

   Synonyms: اِسْتَعْمَرَ‎ (istaʿmara), اِسْتَوْطَنَ‎ (istawṭana)

2. (transitive) to make Egyptian, to Egyptianize

Conjugation

Conjugation of

مَصَّرَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَمْصِير‎ tamṣīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُمَصِّر‎ mumaṣṣir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُمَصَّر‎ mumaṣṣar
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	مَصَّرْتُ‎ maṣṣartu	مَصَّرْتَ‎ maṣṣarta	مَصَّرَ maṣṣara		مَصَّرْتُمَا‎ maṣṣartumā	مَصَّرَا‎ maṣṣarā		مَصَّرْنَا‎ maṣṣarnā	مَصَّرْتُمْ‎ maṣṣartum	مَصَّرُوا‎ maṣṣarū
	f		مَصَّرْتِ‎ maṣṣarti	مَصَّرَتْ‎ maṣṣarat			مَصَّرَتَا‎ maṣṣaratā			مَصَّرْتُنَّ‎ maṣṣartunna	مَصَّرْنَ‎ maṣṣarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُمَصِّرُ‎ ʾumaṣṣiru	تُمَصِّرُ‎ tumaṣṣiru	يُمَصِّرُ‎ yumaṣṣiru		تُمَصِّرَانِ‎ tumaṣṣirāni	يُمَصِّرَانِ‎ yumaṣṣirāni		نُمَصِّرُ‎ numaṣṣiru	تُمَصِّرُونَ‎ tumaṣṣirūna	يُمَصِّرُونَ‎ yumaṣṣirūna
	f		تُمَصِّرِينَ‎ tumaṣṣirīna	تُمَصِّرُ‎ tumaṣṣiru			تُمَصِّرَانِ‎ tumaṣṣirāni			تُمَصِّرْنَ‎ tumaṣṣirna	يُمَصِّرْنَ‎ yumaṣṣirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُمَصِّرَ‎ ʾumaṣṣira	تُمَصِّرَ‎ tumaṣṣira	يُمَصِّرَ‎ yumaṣṣira		تُمَصِّرَا‎ tumaṣṣirā	يُمَصِّرَا‎ yumaṣṣirā		نُمَصِّرَ‎ numaṣṣira	تُمَصِّرُوا‎ tumaṣṣirū	يُمَصِّرُوا‎ yumaṣṣirū
	f		تُمَصِّرِي‎ tumaṣṣirī	تُمَصِّرَ‎ tumaṣṣira			تُمَصِّرَا‎ tumaṣṣirā			تُمَصِّرْنَ‎ tumaṣṣirna	يُمَصِّرْنَ‎ yumaṣṣirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُمَصِّرْ‎ ʾumaṣṣir	تُمَصِّرْ‎ tumaṣṣir	يُمَصِّرْ‎ yumaṣṣir		تُمَصِّرَا‎ tumaṣṣirā	يُمَصِّرَا‎ yumaṣṣirā		نُمَصِّرْ‎ numaṣṣir	تُمَصِّرُوا‎ tumaṣṣirū	يُمَصِّرُوا‎ yumaṣṣirū
	f		تُمَصِّرِي‎ tumaṣṣirī	تُمَصِّرْ‎ tumaṣṣir			تُمَصِّرَا‎ tumaṣṣirā			تُمَصِّرْنَ‎ tumaṣṣirna	يُمَصِّرْنَ‎ yumaṣṣirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		مَصِّرْ maṣṣir			مَصِّرَا‎ maṣṣirā				مَصِّرُوا‎ maṣṣirū
	f		مَصِّرِي‎ maṣṣirī							مَصِّرْنَ‎ maṣṣirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	مُصِّرْتُ‎ muṣṣirtu	مُصِّرْتَ‎ muṣṣirta	مُصِّرَ muṣṣira		مُصِّرْتُمَا‎ muṣṣirtumā	مُصِّرَا‎ muṣṣirā		مُصِّرْنَا‎ muṣṣirnā	مُصِّرْتُمْ‎ muṣṣirtum	مُصِّرُوا‎ muṣṣirū
	f		مُصِّرْتِ‎ muṣṣirti	مُصِّرَتْ‎ muṣṣirat			مُصِّرَتَا‎ muṣṣiratā			مُصِّرْتُنَّ‎ muṣṣirtunna	مُصِّرْنَ‎ muṣṣirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُمَصَّرُ‎ ʾumaṣṣaru	تُمَصَّرُ‎ tumaṣṣaru	يُمَصَّرُ‎ yumaṣṣaru		تُمَصَّرَانِ‎ tumaṣṣarāni	يُمَصَّرَانِ‎ yumaṣṣarāni		نُمَصَّرُ‎ numaṣṣaru	تُمَصَّرُونَ‎ tumaṣṣarūna	يُمَصَّرُونَ‎ yumaṣṣarūna
	f		تُمَصَّرِينَ‎ tumaṣṣarīna	تُمَصَّرُ‎ tumaṣṣaru			تُمَصَّرَانِ‎ tumaṣṣarāni			تُمَصَّرْنَ‎ tumaṣṣarna	يُمَصَّرْنَ‎ yumaṣṣarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُمَصَّرَ‎ ʾumaṣṣara	تُمَصَّرَ‎ tumaṣṣara	يُمَصَّرَ‎ yumaṣṣara		تُمَصَّرَا‎ tumaṣṣarā	يُمَصَّرَا‎ yumaṣṣarā		نُمَصَّرَ‎ numaṣṣara	تُمَصَّرُوا‎ tumaṣṣarū	يُمَصَّرُوا‎ yumaṣṣarū
	f		تُمَصَّرِي‎ tumaṣṣarī	تُمَصَّرَ‎ tumaṣṣara			تُمَصَّرَا‎ tumaṣṣarā			تُمَصَّرْنَ‎ tumaṣṣarna	يُمَصَّرْنَ‎ yumaṣṣarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُمَصَّرْ‎ ʾumaṣṣar	تُمَصَّرْ‎ tumaṣṣar	يُمَصَّرْ‎ yumaṣṣar		تُمَصَّرَا‎ tumaṣṣarā	يُمَصَّرَا‎ yumaṣṣarā		نُمَصَّرْ‎ numaṣṣar	تُمَصَّرُوا‎ tumaṣṣarū	يُمَصَّرُوا‎ yumaṣṣarū
	f		تُمَصَّرِي‎ tumaṣṣarī	تُمَصَّرْ‎ tumaṣṣar			تُمَصَّرَا‎ tumaṣṣarā			تُمَصَّرْنَ‎ tumaṣṣarna	يُمَصَّرْنَ‎ yumaṣṣarna

Derived terms

• تَمْصِير‎ (tamṣīr, “settlement, civilization, colonization; Egyptianization”)

Etymology 4

Derived from the active participle of أَصَرّ‎ (ʾaṣarr, “to persist in”), from the root ص ر ر‎ (ṣ-r-r).

Adjective

مُصِرّ • (muṣirr) (feminine مُصِرَّة‎ (muṣirra), masculine plural مُصِرُّونَ‎ (muṣirrūna), feminine plural مُصِرَّات‎ (muṣirrāt))

1. insistent

Declension

Declension of adjective مُصِرّ (muṣirr)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مُصِرّ muṣirr	الْمُصِرّ‎ al-muṣirr	مُصِرَّة‎ muṣirra	الْمُصِرَّة‎ al-muṣirra
Nominative	مُصِرٌّ muṣirrun	الْمُصِرُّ‎ al-muṣirru	مُصِرَّةٌ‎ muṣirratun	الْمُصِرَّةُ‎ al-muṣirratu
Accusative	مُصِرًّا‎ muṣirran	الْمُصِرَّ‎ al-muṣirra	مُصِرَّةً‎ muṣirratan	الْمُصِرَّةَ‎ al-muṣirrata
Genitive	مُصِرٍّ muṣirrin	الْمُصِرِّ‎ al-muṣirri	مُصِرَّةٍ‎ muṣirratin	الْمُصِرَّةِ‎ al-muṣirrati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مُصِرَّيْن‎ muṣirrayn	الْمُصِرَّيْن‎ al-muṣirrayn	مُصِرَّتَيْن‎ muṣirratayn	الْمُصِرَّتَيْن‎ al-muṣirratayn
Nominative	مُصِرَّانِ‎ muṣirrāni	الْمُصِرَّانِ‎ al-muṣirrāni	مُصِرَّتَانِ‎ muṣirratāni	الْمُصِرَّتَانِ‎ al-muṣirratāni
Accusative	مُصِرَّيْنِ‎ muṣirrayni	الْمُصِرَّيْنِ‎ al-muṣirrayni	مُصِرَّتَيْنِ‎ muṣirratayni	الْمُصِرَّتَيْنِ‎ al-muṣirratayni
Genitive	مُصِرَّيْنِ‎ muṣirrayni	الْمُصِرَّيْنِ‎ al-muṣirrayni	مُصِرَّتَيْنِ‎ muṣirratayni	الْمُصِرَّتَيْنِ‎ al-muṣirratayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	مُصِرِّين‎ muṣirrīn	الْمُصِرِّين‎ al-muṣirrīn	مُصِرَّات‎ muṣirrāt	الْمُصِرَّات‎ al-muṣirrāt
Nominative	مُصِرُّونَ‎ muṣirrūna	الْمُصِرُّونَ‎ al-muṣirrūna	مُصِرَّاتٌ‎ muṣirrātun	الْمُصِرَّاتُ‎ al-muṣirrātu
Accusative	مُصِرِّينَ‎ muṣirrīna	الْمُصِرِّينَ‎ al-muṣirrīna	مُصِرَّاتٍ‎ muṣirrātin	الْمُصِرَّاتِ‎ al-muṣirrāti
Genitive	مُصِرِّينَ‎ muṣirrīna	الْمُصِرِّينَ‎ al-muṣirrīna	مُصِرَّاتٍ‎ muṣirrātin	الْمُصِرَّاتِ‎ al-muṣirrāti

References

• Wehr, Hans (1979), “مصر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

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Hijazi Arabic

مَصُر

عَلَم مَصُر

Etymology

From Arabic مِصْر‎ (miṣr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /masˤur/, [masˤʊr]

Proper noun

مَصُر • (maṣur) f

1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Related terms

• مَصْري‎ (maṣri)
• مَصْرية‎ (maṣriyya)

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Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic مِصْر‎ (miṣr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /misˤr/

Proper noun

مِصْر • (miṣr) f

1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Derived terms

• مصري‎ (miṣri)

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Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Arabic مِصْر‎ (miṣr, “Egypt”).

Proper noun

مصر • (mısır)

1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Descendants

• Turkish: Mısır
• → Middle Armenian: Մսըր (Msər), Մսր (Msr)
  • Armenian: Մսըր (Msər)

Etymology 2

Noun

مصر • (mısır)

1. maize, corn

Descendants

• Turkish: mısır
• → Albanian: misër

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Pashto

Etymology

From Arabic مِصْر‎ (miṣr).

Pronunciation

• (rare) IPA^(key): /mɪsɾ/
• IPA^(key): /mis.ar/

Proper noun

مصر • (misr) m

1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

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Persian

Etymology

From Arabic مِصْر‎ (miṣr).

Pronunciation

• Vocalised Persian: مِصر

• (Classical Persian): IPA^(key): /misɾ/

• (Dari): IPA^(key): /mɪsɾ/

• (Iranian Persian): IPA^(key): /mesɾ/
• (Tajik): IPA^(key): /misɾ/

Proper noun

Dari	مصر
Iranian Persian
Tajik	Миср (Misr)

مصر • (mesr)

1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Western Asia)

Related terms

• مصری‎ (mesri)

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Punjabi

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْر‎ (miṣr).

Proper noun

مِصْر • (misr) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਮਿਸਰ)

1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Middle East)

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South Levantine Arabic

Root
م ص ر‎

Etymology

From Arabic مِصْر‎ (miṣr).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /masˤr/, [ˈmɑ.sˤ(ɪ)rˤ]

• Audio (Ramallah)

  (file)

Proper noun

مصر • (maṣr) f

1. Egypt (a country in Africa)

Related terms

• مصري‎ (maṣri, “Egyptian”)
• مصاري‎ (maṣāri, “money”)

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Urdu

Picture dictionary

شام

لبنان

فلسطین

اسرائیل

اردن

مصر

سعودی عرب

عراق

ترکی

قبرص

بحیرہ روم

بحیرہ
احمر

درائے
نیل

درائے
فرات

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic مِصْر‎ (miṣr).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /mɪsɾ/, /mɪ.səɾ/
• Rhymes: -ɪsɾ, -əɾ

Proper noun

مِصْر • (miṣr) f (Hindi spelling मिस्र)

1. Egypt (a country in North Africa and Middle East)

   ‏مصر جانے کو جی مچلتا ہے۔‎‎

   miṣr jāne ko jī macaltā hai.

   My heart yearns to go to Egypt.

See also

• (Middle East) مشرق وسطی‎ (maśriq-e vust̤á); سعودی عرب‎ (saʻūdī ʻarab), مصر (miṣr) عراق‎ (ʻirāq), ایران‎ (īrān), اردن‎ (urdan), شام‎ (śām), ترکی‎ (turkī), قبرص‎ (qabraṣ) فلسطین‎ (filisṭīn) اسرائیل‎ (isrā'īl) لبنان‎ (libnān) یمن‎ (yaman) عمان‎ (ʻumān) متحدہ عرب امارات‎ (mutaḥidda ʻarab imārāt) قطر‎ (qaṭar) بحرین‎ (baḥrīn) کویت‎ (kuvet) ^{(Categories: ur:Middle East, ur:Countries in Asia)}

References

• “مصر”, in اُردُو لُغَت (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “مصر”, in Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2022.