हृदय
Hindi
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). Doublet of हिया (hiyā).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editहृदय • (hŕday) m (Urdu spelling ہردی)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |
---|---|---|
direct | हृदय hŕday |
हृदय hŕday |
oblique | हृदय hŕday |
हृदयों hŕdayõ |
vocative | हृदय hŕday |
हृदयो hŕdayo |
Synonyms
editDerived terms
edit- मृदुलहृदय (mŕdulhŕday, “tender-hearted, gentle”)
- विदीर्णहृदय (vidīrṇahŕday, “heartbroken”)
- हृदयकंप (hŕdaykamp, “palpitation, heart-throb”)
- हृदयग्राही (hŕdayagrāhī, “captivating, charming”)
- हृदयहीन (hŕdayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted, unfeeling”)
- हृदयाघात (hŕdayāghāt, “heart attack”)
References
edit- Bahri, Hardev (1989) “हृदय”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
- Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “हृदय”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Marathi
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘮𑘵𑘟𑘰 (hṛdā).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editहृदय • (hruday) n
Declension
editDeclension of हृदय (neut cons-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
direct singular |
हृदय hruday | ||
direct plural |
हृदये, हृदयं hrudaye, hrudya | ||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
nominative प्रथमा |
हृदय hruday |
हृदये, हृदयं hrudaye, hrudya | |
oblique सामान्यरूप |
हृदया hrudayā |
हृदयां- hrudayān- | |
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
हृदयाला hrudayālā |
हृदयांना hrudayānnā | |
ergative | हृदयाने, हृदयानं hrudayāne, hrudayāna |
हृदयांनी hrudayānnī | |
instrumental | हृदयाशी hrudayāśī |
हृदयांशी hrudayānśī | |
locative सप्तमी |
हृदयात hrudayāt |
हृदयांत hrudayāt | |
vocative संबोधन |
हृदया hrudayā |
हृदयांनो hrudayānno | |
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. |
Genitive declension of हृदय (neut cons-stem) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
हृदयाचा hrudayāċā |
हृदयाचे hrudayāċe |
हृदयाची hrudayācī |
हृदयाच्या hrudayācā |
हृदयाचे, हृदयाचं hrudayāċe, hrudayāċa |
हृदयाची hrudayācī |
हृदयाच्या hrudayācā | |
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
हृदयांचा hrudayānċā |
हृदयांचे hrudayānċe |
हृदयांची hrudayāñcī |
हृदयांच्या hrudayāncā |
हृदयांचे, हृदयांचं hrudayānċe, hrudayānċa |
हृदयांची hrudayāñcī |
हृदयांच्या hrudayāñcā | |
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. |
Derived terms
edit- हृदयविकाराचा झटका (hrudayvikārācā jhaṭkā, “heart attack”)
- हृदयहीन (hrudayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted”)
See also
edit- धमनी (dhamnī, “artery”)
- नस (nas, “vein”)
- रक्तदाब (raktadāb, “blood pressure”)
- रक्तपुरवठा (raktapuravṭhā, “blood supply”)
- रक्तपेढी (raktapeḍhī, “blood bank”)
- रक्तपेशी (raktapeśī, “blood cell”)
- रक्तवाहिनी (raktavāhinī, “blood vessel”)
- रक्ताभिसरण (raktābhisraṇ, “blood circulation”)
- शीर (śīr, “vein”)
References
edit- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “हृदय”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “हृदय”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Nepali
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editहृदय • (hr̥daya)
See also
edit- मुटु (muṭu)
Sanskrit
editAlternative scripts
editAlternative scripts
- হৃদয় (Assamese script)
- ᬳᬺᬤᬬ (Balinese script)
- হৃদয় (Bengali script)
- 𑰮𑰴𑰟𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀳𑀾𑀤𑀬 (Brahmi script)
- ဟၖဒယ (Burmese script)
- હૃદય (Gujarati script)
- ਹ੍ਰਦਯ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌹𑍃𑌦𑌯 (Grantha script)
- ꦲꦽꦢꦪ (Javanese script)
- 𑂯𑃂𑂠𑂨 (Kaithi script)
- ಹೃದಯ (Kannada script)
- ហ្ឫទយ (Khmer script)
- ຫ຺ຣິທຍ (Lao script)
- ഹൃദയ (Malayalam script)
- ᡥᡵᡳᡩᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘮𑘵𑘟𑘧 (Modi script)
- ᠾᠷᠢᢑᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧎𑧖𑦿𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐴𑐺𑐡𑐫 (Newa script)
- ହୃଦଯ (Odia script)
- ꢲꢺꢣꢫ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆲𑆸𑆢𑆪 (Sharada script)
- 𑖮𑖴𑖟𑖧 (Siddham script)
- හෘදය (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪂𑩙𑩭𑩻 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚩𑚛𑚣 (Takri script)
- ஹ்ரித³ய (Tamil script)
- హృదయ (Telugu script)
- หฺฤทย (Thai script)
- ཧྲྀ་ད་ཡ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒯𑒵𑒠𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨱𑨼𑨉𑨛𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
editEtymology tree
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”).
Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd); Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā) → English cardiac; Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Lithuanian širdi̇̀s; Latin cors, cord- → English cordial; Old English heorte (whence English heart). Related to हृद् (hṛ́d).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editहृदय • (hṛ́daya) stem, n
- (anatomy) the heart
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.53.8:
- यां पू॑षन्ब्रह्म॒चोद॑नी॒मारां॒ बिभ॑र्ष्याघृणे ।
तया॑ समस्य॒ हृद॑य॒मा रि॑ख किकि॒रा कृ॑णु ॥- yā́ṃ pūṣanbrahmacódanīmā́rāṃ bíbharṣyāghṛṇe.
táyā samasya hṛ́dayamā́ rikha kikirā́ kṛṇu. - Resplendent Pūṣan, with that food-propelling goad which you bear, abrade the heart of every miser, and render it relaxed.
- yā́ṃ pūṣanbrahmacódanīmā́rāṃ bíbharṣyāghṛṇe.
- यां पू॑षन्ब्रह्म॒चोद॑नी॒मारां॒ बिभ॑र्ष्याघृणे ।
- soul, mind, spirit (as the seat of mental operations)
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.9.6:
- वि मे॒ कर्णा॑ पतयतो॒ वि चक्षु॒र्वी॒३॒॑दं ज्योति॒र्हृद॑य॒ आहि॑तं॒ यत् ।
वि मे॒ मन॑श्चरति दू॒रआ॑धीः॒ किं स्वि॑द्व॒क्ष्यामि॒ किमु॒ नू म॑निष्ये ॥- ví me kárṇā patayato ví cákṣurvī̀dáṃ jyótirhṛ́daya ā́hitaṃ yát.
ví me mánaścarati dūráādhīḥ kíṃ svidvakṣyā́mi kímu nū́ maniṣye. - Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to see him; the light that harbours in my spirit broadens.
Far roams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What shall I speak, what shall I now imagine?
- ví me kárṇā patayato ví cákṣurvī̀dáṃ jyótirhṛ́daya ā́hitaṃ yát.
- वि मे॒ कर्णा॑ पतयतो॒ वि चक्षु॒र्वी॒३॒॑दं ज्योति॒र्हृद॑य॒ आहि॑तं॒ यत् ।
- the heart or interior of the body
- (figuratively) the heart, centre, core, essence, or best or dearest or most secret part of anything
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | हृदयम् (hṛ́dayam) | हृदये (hṛ́daye) | हृदयानि (hṛ́dayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛ́dayā¹) |
accusative | हृदयम् (hṛ́dayam) | हृदये (hṛ́daye) | हृदयानि (hṛ́dayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛ́dayā¹) |
instrumental | हृदयेन (hṛ́dayena) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛ́dayābhyām) | हृदयैः (hṛ́dayaiḥ) हृदयेभिः¹ (hṛ́dayebhiḥ¹) |
dative | हृदयाय (hṛ́dayāya) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛ́dayābhyām) | हृदयेभ्यः (hṛ́dayebhyaḥ) |
ablative | हृदयात् (hṛ́dayāt) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛ́dayābhyām) | हृदयेभ्यः (hṛ́dayebhyaḥ) |
genitive | हृदयस्य (hṛ́dayasya) | हृदययोः (hṛ́dayayoḥ) | हृदयानाम् (hṛ́dayānām) |
locative | हृदये (hṛ́daye) | हृदययोः (hṛ́dayayoḥ) | हृदयेषु (hṛ́dayeṣu) |
vocative | हृदय (hṛ́daya) | हृदये (hṛ́daye) | हृदयानि (hṛ́dayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛ́dayā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Descendants
edit- Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀅 (hiaa), 𑀳𑀟𑀓 (haḍaka), 𑀳𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓 (haḍakka)
- Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀮𑀅 (halaa)
- Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀅 (hitaa), 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀧 (hitapa)
- Gandhari: 𐨱𐨁𐨡𐨩 (hidaya)
- Pali: hadaya
- Romani: ilo
- → Kannada: ಹೃದಯ (hṛdaya)
- → Old Javanese: hṛdaya
- → Old Javanese: darya, daya
- → Old Marathi: हृदा (hṛdā)
- → Punjabi:
- Tamil: → இருதயம் (irutayam), ⇒ இதயம் (itayam)
- → Telugu: హృదయము (hr̥dayamu)
- → Thai: หฤทัย (hà-rʉ́-tai)
- → Assamese: হৃদয় (hridoy) (learned)
- → Bengali: হৃদয় (hridoẏ) (learned)
- → Hindi: हृदय (hŕday) (learned)
- → Marathi: हृदय (hruday) (learned)
Adjective
editहृदय • (hṛdaya) stem
Declension
editsingular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | हृदयः (hṛdayaḥ) | हृदयौ (hṛdayau) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹) |
हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) हृदयासः¹ (hṛdayāsaḥ¹) |
accusative | हृदयम् (hṛdayam) | हृदयौ (hṛdayau) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹) |
हृदयान् (hṛdayān) |
instrumental | हृदयेन (hṛdayena) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ) हृदयेभिः¹ (hṛdayebhiḥ¹) |
dative | हृदयाय (hṛdayāya) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ) |
ablative | हृदयात् (hṛdayāt) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ) |
genitive | हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) | हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām) |
locative | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu) |
vocative | हृदय (hṛdaya) | हृदयौ (hṛdayau) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹) |
हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) हृदयासः¹ (hṛdayāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | हृदया (hṛdayā) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) |
accusative | हृदयाम् (hṛdayām) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) |
instrumental | हृदयया (hṛdayayā) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹) |
हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयाभिः (hṛdayābhiḥ) |
dative | हृदयायै (hṛdayāyai) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ) |
ablative | हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ) हृदयायै² (hṛdayāyai²) |
हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ) |
genitive | हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ) हृदयायै² (hṛdayāyai²) |
हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām) |
locative | हृदयायाम् (hṛdayāyām) | हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयासु (hṛdayāsu) |
vocative | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
singular | dual | plural | |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | हृदयम् (hṛdayam) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयानि (hṛdayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹) |
accusative | हृदयम् (hṛdayam) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयानि (hṛdayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹) |
instrumental | हृदयेन (hṛdayena) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ) हृदयेभिः¹ (hṛdayebhiḥ¹) |
dative | हृदयाय (hṛdayāya) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ) |
ablative | हृदयात् (hṛdayāt) | हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) | हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ) |
genitive | हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) | हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām) |
locative | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) | हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu) |
vocative | हृदय (hṛdaya) | हृदये (hṛdaye) | हृदयानि (hṛdayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
edit- Monier Williams (1899) “हृदय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1302/3.
- “हृदय” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 666.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हृदय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 380
- Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 978
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hṛ́daya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 818
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 818
Categories:
- Hindi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Hindi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerd-
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Hindi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Hindi doublets
- Hindi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hindi lemmas
- Hindi nouns
- Hindi masculine nouns
- hi:Anatomy
- Hindi terms with usage examples
- Hindi masculine consonant-stem nouns
- Marathi terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Marathi terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerd-
- Marathi terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Marathi terms derived from Sanskrit
- Marathi terms inherited from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms derived from Old Marathi
- Marathi terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Marathi/əj
- Rhymes:Marathi/əj/2 syllables
- Marathi lemmas
- Marathi nouns
- Marathi nouns in Devanagari script
- Marathi neuter nouns
- mr:Anatomy
- Marathi terms with usage examples
- Marathi nouns with declension
- Marathi neuter consonant-stem nouns
- mr:Sciences
- mr:Biology
- mr:Cardiology
- Nepali terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerd-
- Nepali terms derived from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Nepali terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Nepali terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Nepali terms with IPA pronunciation
- Nepali lemmas
- Nepali nouns
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Sanskrit terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱerd-
- Sanskrit terms inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms derived from Proto-Indo-Iranian
- Sanskrit terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sanskrit lemmas
- Sanskrit nouns
- Sanskrit nouns in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit neuter nouns
- sa:Anatomy
- Sanskrit terms with quotations
- Sanskrit a-stem nouns
- Sanskrit adjectives
- Sanskrit adjectives in Devanagari script
- Sanskrit a-stem adjectives