हृदय

Hindi

हृदय

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). Doublet of हिया (hiyā).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /ɦɾɪ.d̪əj/, [ɦɾɪ.d̪ɐj]

Noun

हृदय • (hŕday) m (Urdu spelling ہردی)

1. (anatomy) heart

   रोगी का हृदय अभी भी धड़क रहा है।

   rogī kā hŕday abhī bhī dhaṛak rahā hai.

   The patient's heart is still beating.

   मेरा बाप का हृदय बहुत दुर्बल है।

   merā bāp kā hŕday bahut durbal hai.

   My father has a very weak heart.

   उसकी वाणी ने मेरे हृदय को छू दिया।

   uskī vāṇī ne mere hŕday ko chū diyā.

   His speech touched my heart.

Declension

Declension of हृदय (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	हृदय hŕday	हृदय hŕday
oblique	हृदय hŕday	हृदयों hŕdayõ
vocative	हृदय hŕday	हृदयो hŕdayo

Synonyms

• दिल (dil), हिया (hiyā)

Derived terms

• मृदुलहृदय (mŕdulhŕday, “tender-hearted, gentle”)
• विदीर्णहृदय (vidīrṇahŕday, “heartbroken”)
• हृदयकंप (hŕdaykamp, “palpitation, heart-throb”)
• हृदयग्राही (hŕdayagrāhī, “captivating, charming”)
• हृदयहीन (hŕdayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted, unfeeling”)
• हृदयाघात (hŕdayāghāt, “heart attack”)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “हृदय”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
• Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “हृदय”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Marathi

हृदय

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘮𑘵𑘟𑘰 (hṛdā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɦɾu.d̪əj/
• Hyphenation: हृ‧दय
• Rhymes: -əj

Noun

हृदय • (hruday) n

1. (anatomy) heart

   Synonyms: काळीज (kāḷīj), अंतःकरण (antaḥkaraṇ), दिल (dil)

   माझे हृदय धडधडत असल्याचे मला जाणवत होते.

   mājhe hruday dhaḍadhḍat asalyāce malā jāṇvat hote.

   I could feel my heart pounding.

Declension

Declension of हृदय (neut cons-stem)
direct singular	हृदय hruday
direct plural	हृदये, हृदयं hrudaye, hrudya
	singular एकवचन		plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	हृदय hruday		हृदये, हृदयं hrudaye, hrudya
oblique सामान्यरूप	हृदया hrudayā		हृदयां- hrudayān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	हृदयाला hrudayālā		हृदयांना hrudayānnā
ergative	हृदयाने, हृदयानं hrudayāne, hrudayāna		हृदयांनी hrudayānnī
instrumental	हृदयाशी hrudayāśī		हृदयांशी hrudayānśī
locative सप्तमी	हृदयात hrudayāt		हृदयांत hrudayāt
vocative संबोधन	हृदया hrudayā		हृदयांनो hrudayānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of हृदय (neut cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	हृदयाचा hrudayāċā	हृदयाचे hrudayāċe	हृदयाची hrudayācī	हृदयाच्या hrudayācā	हृदयाचे, हृदयाचं hrudayāċe, hrudayāċa	हृदयाची hrudayācī	हृदयाच्या hrudayācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	हृदयांचा hrudayānċā	हृदयांचे hrudayānċe	हृदयांची hrudayāñcī	हृदयांच्या hrudayāncā	हृदयांचे, हृदयांचं hrudayānċe, hrudayānċa	हृदयांची hrudayāñcī	हृदयांच्या hrudayāñcā
* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

• हृदयविकाराचा झटका (hrudayvikārācā jhaṭkā, “heart attack”)
• हृदयहीन (hrudayhīn, “dry, hard-hearted”)

See also

• धमनी (dhamnī, “artery”)
• नस (nas, “vein”)
• रक्तदाब (raktadāb, “blood pressure”)
• रक्तपुरवठा (raktapuravṭhā, “blood supply”)
• रक्तपेढी (raktapeḍhī, “blood bank”)
• रक्तपेशी (raktapeśī, “blood cell”)
• रक्तवाहिनी (raktavāhinī, “blood vessel”)
• रक्ताभिसरण (raktābhisraṇ, “blood circulation”)
• शीर (śīr, “vein”)

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “हृदय”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
• Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “हृदय”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾid̪ʌe]
• Phonetic Devanagari: रिदए

Noun

हृदय • (hr̥daya)

1. heart

See also

• मुटु (muṭu)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• হৃদয় (Assamese script)
• ᬳᬺᬤᬬ (Balinese script)
• হৃদয় (Bengali script)
• 𑰮𑰴𑰟𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀳𑀾𑀤𑀬 (Brahmi script)
• ဟၖဒယ (Burmese script)
• હૃદય (Gujarati script)
• ਹ੍ਰਦਯ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌹𑍃𑌦𑌯 (Grantha script)
• ꦲꦽꦢꦪ (Javanese script)
• 𑂯𑃂𑂠𑂨 (Kaithi script)
• ಹೃದಯ (Kannada script)
• ហ្ឫទយ (Khmer script)
• ຫ຺ຣິທຍ (Lao script)
• ഹൃദയ (Malayalam script)
• ᡥᡵᡳᡩᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘮𑘵𑘟𑘧 (Modi script)
• ᠾᠷᠢᢑᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧎𑧖𑦿𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐴𑐺𑐡𑐫 (Newa script)
• ହୃଦଯ (Odia script)
• ꢲꢺꢣꢫ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆲𑆸𑆢𑆪 (Sharada script)
• 𑖮𑖴𑖟𑖧 (Siddham script)
• හෘදය (Sinhalese script)
• 𑪂𑩙𑩭𑩻 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚩𑚛𑚣 (Takri script)
• ஹ்ரித³ய (Tamil script)
• హృదయ (Telugu script)
• หฺฤทย (Thai script)
• ཧྲྀ་ད་ཡ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒯𑒵𑒠𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨱𑨼𑨉𑨛𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱerd-

Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗrder.

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam

Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya)

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”).

Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd); Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā) → English cardiac; Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Lithuanian širdi̇̀s; Latin cors, cord- → English cordial; Old English heorte (whence English heart). Related to हृद् (hṛ́d).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦŕ̩.dɐ.jɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɦr̩.d̪ɐ.jɐ/

Noun

हृदय • (hṛ́daya) stem, n

1. (anatomy) the heart
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.53.8:

     यां पू॑षन्ब्रह्म॒चोद॑नी॒मारां॒ बिभ॑र्ष्याघृणे ।
     तया॑ समस्य॒ हृद॑य॒मा रि॑ख किकि॒रा कृ॑णु ॥

     yā́ṃ pūṣanbrahmacódanīmā́rāṃ bíbharṣyāghṛṇe.
     táyā samasya hṛ́dayamā́ rikha kikirā́ kṛṇu.

     Resplendent Pūṣan, with that food-propelling goad which you bear, abrade the heart of every miser, and render it relaxed.

2. soul, mind, spirit (as the seat of mental operations)
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.9.6:

     वि मे॒ कर्णा॑ पतयतो॒ वि चक्षु॒र्वी॒३॒॑दं ज्योति॒र्हृद॑य॒ आहि॑तं॒ यत् ।
     वि मे॒ मन॑श्चरति दू॒रआ॑धीः॒ किं स्वि॑द्व॒क्ष्यामि॒ किमु॒ नू म॑निष्ये ॥

     ví me kárṇā patayato ví cákṣurvī̀dáṃ jyótirhṛ́daya ā́hitaṃ yát.
     ví me mánaścarati dūráādhīḥ kíṃ svidvakṣyā́mi kímu nū́ maniṣye.

     Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to see him; the light that harbours in my spirit broadens.
     Far roams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What shall I speak, what shall I now imagine?

3. the heart or interior of the body
4. (figuratively) the heart, centre, core, essence, or best or dearest or most secret part of anything

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हृदयम् (hṛ́dayam)	हृदये (hṛ́daye)	हृदयानि (hṛ́dayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛ́dayā¹)
accusative	हृदयम् (hṛ́dayam)	हृदये (hṛ́daye)	हृदयानि (hṛ́dayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛ́dayā¹)
instrumental	हृदयेन (hṛ́dayena)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛ́dayābhyām)	हृदयैः (hṛ́dayaiḥ) हृदयेभिः¹ (hṛ́dayebhiḥ¹)
dative	हृदयाय (hṛ́dayāya)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛ́dayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛ́dayebhyaḥ)
ablative	हृदयात् (hṛ́dayāt)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛ́dayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛ́dayebhyaḥ)
genitive	हृदयस्य (hṛ́dayasya)	हृदययोः (hṛ́dayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛ́dayānām)
locative	हृदये (hṛ́daye)	हृदययोः (hṛ́dayayoḥ)	हृदयेषु (hṛ́dayeṣu)
vocative	हृदय (hṛ́daya)	हृदये (hṛ́daye)	हृदयानि (hṛ́dayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛ́dayā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀅𑀅 (hiaa), 𑀳𑀟𑀓 (haḍaka), 𑀳𑀟𑀓𑁆𑀓 (haḍakka)
  • Assamese: হিয়া (hia)
  • Bengali: হিয়া (hiẏa)
  • Hindi: हिया (hiyā)
  • Punjabi:

    Gurmukhi script: ਹੀਆ (hīā), ਹੀਆਂ (hīā̃)

    Shahmukhi script: ہِیا (hīyā), ہِیاں (hīyāṉ)

  • Lahnda:
    • Punjabi:

      Gurmukhi script: ਹਾਂ (hā̃), ਹਾਂਹ (hā̃h)

      Shahmukhi script: ہاں (hāṉ), ہان٘ہہ (hāṉh)

    • Saraiki: ہاں (hāṉ)
  • Eastern Indo-Aryan:
• Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀳𑀮𑀅 (halaa)
• Paisaci Prakrit: 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀅 (hitaa), 𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀧 (hitapa)
• Gandhari: 𐨱𐨁𐨡𐨩 (hidaya)
• Pali: hadaya
  • → Lao: ຫະໄທ (ha thai)
  • → Thai: หทัย
• Romani: ilo

• → Kannada: ಹೃದಯ (hṛdaya)
• → Old Javanese: hṛdaya
  • > Javanese: ꦲꦽꦢꦪ (hredaya), ꦮꦂꦢꦪ (wardaya), ꦢꦪ (daya) (inherited)
  • → Balinese: ᬳᬺᬤᬬ (hredaya)
• → Old Javanese: darya, daya
• → Old Marathi: हृदा (hṛdā)
• → Punjabi:

  Gurmukhi script: ਹਿਰਦਾ (hirdā)

  Shahmukhi script: ہِردا (hirdā)

• Tamil: → இருதயம் (irutayam), ⇒ இதயம் (itayam)
• → Telugu: హృదయము (hr̥dayamu)
• → Thai: หฤทัย (hà-rʉ́-tai)

• → Assamese: হৃদয় (hridoy) (learned)
• → Bengali: হৃদয় (hridoẏ) (learned)
• → Hindi: हृदय (hŕday) (learned)
• → Marathi: हृदय (hruday) (learned)

Adjective

हृदय • (hṛdaya) stem

1. going to the heart
   1. (by extension) inward

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हृदय

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हृदयः (hṛdayaḥ)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) हृदयासः¹ (hṛdayāsaḥ¹)
accusative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)	हृदयान् (hṛdayān)
instrumental	हृदयेन (hṛdayena)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ) हृदयेभिः¹ (hṛdayebhiḥ¹)
dative	हृदयाय (hṛdayāya)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
ablative	हृदयात् (hṛdayāt)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
genitive	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
locative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu)
vocative	हृदय (hṛdaya)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ) हृदयासः¹ (hṛdayāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of हृदया

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हृदया (hṛdayā)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
accusative	हृदयाम् (hṛdayām)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
instrumental	हृदयया (hṛdayayā) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभिः (hṛdayābhiḥ)
dative	हृदयायै (hṛdayāyai)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ)
ablative	हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ) हृदयायै² (hṛdayāyai²)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ)
genitive	हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ) हृदयायै² (hṛdayāyai²)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
locative	हृदयायाम् (hṛdayāyām)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयासु (hṛdayāsu)
vocative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)
accusative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)
instrumental	हृदयेन (hṛdayena)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ) हृदयेभिः¹ (hṛdayebhiḥ¹)
dative	हृदयाय (hṛdayāya)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
ablative	हृदयात् (hṛdayāt)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
genitive	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
locative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu)
vocative	हृदय (hṛdaya)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni) हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)

• ¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “हृदय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1302/3.
• “हृदय” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 666.
• Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हृदय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 380
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 978
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hṛ́daya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 818
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 818