Hindi

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हृदय

Etymology

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    Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). Doublet of हिया (hiyā).

    Pronunciation

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    • (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɦɾɪ.d̪əj/, [ɦɾɪ.d̪ɐj]

    Noun

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    हृदय (hŕdaym (Urdu spelling ہردی)

    1. (anatomy) heart
      रोगी का हृदय अभी भी धड़क रहा है
      rogī kā hŕday abhī bhī dhaṛak rahā hai.
      The patient's heart is still beating.
      मेरा बाप का हृदय बहुत दुर्बल है
      merā bāp kā hŕday bahut durbal hai.
      My father has a very weak heart.
      उसकी वाणी ने मेरे हृदय को छू दिया
      uskī vāṇī ne mere hŕday ko chū diyā.
      His speech touched my heart.

    Declension

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    Declension of हृदय (masc cons-stem)
    singular plural
    direct हृदय
    hŕday
    हृदय
    hŕday
    oblique हृदय
    hŕday
    हृदयों
    hŕdayõ
    vocative हृदय
    hŕday
    हृदयो
    hŕdayo

    Synonyms

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    Derived terms

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    References

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    • Bahri, Hardev (1989) “हृदय”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
    • Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “हृदय”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

    Marathi

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    Marathi Wikipedia has an article on:
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    हृदय

    Etymology

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      Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya). First attested as Old Marathi 𑘮𑘵𑘟𑘰 (hṛdā).

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ɦɾu.d̪əj/
      • Hyphenation: हृ‧दय
      • Rhymes: -əj

      Noun

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      हृदय (hrudayn

      1. (anatomy) heart
        Synonyms: काळीज (kāḷīj), अंतःकरण (antaḥkaraṇ), दिल (dil)
        माझे हृदय धडधडत असल्याचे मला जाणवत होते.
        mājhe hruday dhaḍadhḍat asalyāce malā jāṇvat hote.
        I could feel my heart pounding.

      Declension

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      Declension of हृदय (neut cons-stem)
      direct
      singular
      हृदय
      hruday
      direct
      plural
      हृदये, हृदयं
      hrudaye, hrudya
      singular
      एकवचन
      plural
      अनेकवचन
      nominative
      प्रथमा
      हृदय
      hruday
      हृदये, हृदयं
      hrudaye, hrudya
      oblique
      सामान्यरूप
      हृदया
      hrudayā
      हृदयां-
      hrudayān-
      acc. / dative
      द्वितीया / चतुर्थी
      हृदयाला
      hrudayālā
      हृदयांना
      hrudayānnā
      ergative हृदयाने, हृदयानं
      hrudayāne, hrudayāna
      हृदयांनी
      hrudayānnī
      instrumental हृदयाशी
      hrudayāśī
      हृदयांशी
      hrudayānśī
      locative
      सप्तमी
      हृदयात
      hrudayāt
      हृदयांत
      hrudayāt
      vocative
      संबोधन
      हृदया
      hrudayā
      हृदयांनो
      hrudayānno
      Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
      There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
      Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.
      Genitive declension of हृदय (neut cons-stem)
      masculine object
      पुल्लिंगी कर्म
      feminine object
      स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म
      neuter object
      नपुसकलिंगी कर्म
      oblique
      सामान्यरूप
      singular
      एकवचन
      plural
      अनेकवचन
      singular
      एकवचन
      plural
      अनेकवचन
      singular*
      एकवचन
      plural
      अनेकवचन
      singular subject
      एकवचनी कर्ता
      हृदयाचा
      hrudayāċā
      हृदयाचे
      hrudayāċe
      हृदयाची
      hrudayācī
      हृदयाच्या
      hrudayācā
      हृदयाचे, हृदयाचं
      hrudayāċe, hrudayāċa
      हृदयाची
      hrudayācī
      हृदयाच्या
      hrudayācā
      plural subject
      अनेकवचनी कर्ता
      हृदयांचा
      hrudayānċā
      हृदयांचे
      hrudayānċe
      हृदयांची
      hrudayāñcī
      हृदयांच्या
      hrudayāncā
      हृदयांचे, हृदयांचं
      hrudayānċe, hrudayānċa
      हृदयांची
      hrudayāñcī
      हृदयांच्या
      hrudayāñcā
      * Note: Word-final (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as (a).
      Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

      Derived terms

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      See also

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      References

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      • Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “हृदय”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
      • Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “हृदय”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

      Nepali

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      Etymology

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        Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛdaya).

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        हृदय (hr̥daya)

        1. heart

        See also

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        Sanskrit

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        Alternative scripts

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        Etymology

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          From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (heart).

          Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛 (zərəd); Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā) English cardiac; Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Lithuanian širdi̇̀s; Latin cors, cord- English cordial; Old English heorte (whence English heart). Related to हृद् (hṛ́d).

          Pronunciation

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          Noun

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          हृदय (hṛ́daya) stemn

          1. (anatomy) the heart
            • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.53.8:
              यां पू॑षन्ब्रह्म॒चोद॑नी॒मारां॒ बिभ॑र्ष्याघृणे ।
              तया॑ समस्य॒ हृद॑य॒मा रि॑ख किकि॒रा कृ॑णु ॥
              yā́ṃ pūṣanbrahmacódanīmā́rāṃ bíbharṣyāghṛṇe.
              táyā samasya hṛ́dayamā́ rikha kikirā́ kṛṇu.
              Resplendent Pūṣan, with that food-propelling goad which you bear, abrade the heart of every miser, and render it relaxed.
          2. soul, mind, spirit (as the seat of mental operations)
            • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 6.9.6:
              वि मे॒ कर्णा॑ पतयतो॒ वि चक्षु॒र्वी॒३॒॑दं ज्योति॒र्हृद॑य॒ आहि॑तं॒ यत् ।
              वि मे॒ मन॑श्चरति दू॒रआ॑धीः॒ किं स्वि॑द्व॒क्ष्यामि॒ किमु॒ नू म॑निष्ये ॥
              ví me kárṇā patayato ví cákṣurvī̀dáṃ jyótirhṛ́daya ā́hitaṃ yát.
              ví me mánaścarati dūráādhīḥ kíṃ svidvakṣyā́mi kímu nū́ maniṣye.
              Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to see him; the light that harbours in my spirit broadens.
              Far roams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What shall I speak, what shall I now imagine?
          3. the heart or interior of the body
          4. (figuratively) the heart, centre, core, essence, or best or dearest or most secret part of anything

          Declension

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          Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय
          singular dual plural
          nominative हृदयम् (hṛ́dayam) हृदये (hṛ́daye) हृदयानि (hṛ́dayāni)
          हृदया¹ (hṛ́dayā¹)
          accusative हृदयम् (hṛ́dayam) हृदये (hṛ́daye) हृदयानि (hṛ́dayāni)
          हृदया¹ (hṛ́dayā¹)
          instrumental हृदयेन (hṛ́dayena) हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛ́dayābhyām) हृदयैः (hṛ́dayaiḥ)
          हृदयेभिः¹ (hṛ́dayebhiḥ¹)
          dative हृदयाय (hṛ́dayāya) हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛ́dayābhyām) हृदयेभ्यः (hṛ́dayebhyaḥ)
          ablative हृदयात् (hṛ́dayāt) हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛ́dayābhyām) हृदयेभ्यः (hṛ́dayebhyaḥ)
          genitive हृदयस्य (hṛ́dayasya) हृदययोः (hṛ́dayayoḥ) हृदयानाम् (hṛ́dayānām)
          locative हृदये (hṛ́daye) हृदययोः (hṛ́dayayoḥ) हृदयेषु (hṛ́dayeṣu)
          vocative हृदय (hṛ́daya) हृदये (hṛ́daye) हृदयानि (hṛ́dayāni)
          हृदया¹ (hṛ́dayā¹)
          • ¹Vedic

          Descendants

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          Adjective

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          हृदय (hṛdaya) stem

          1. going to the heart
            1. (by extension) inward

          Declension

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          Masculine a-stem declension of हृदय
          singular dual plural
          nominative हृदयः (hṛdayaḥ) हृदयौ (hṛdayau)
          हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)
          हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
          हृदयासः¹ (hṛdayāsaḥ¹)
          accusative हृदयम् (hṛdayam) हृदयौ (hṛdayau)
          हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)
          हृदयान् (hṛdayān)
          instrumental हृदयेन (hṛdayena) हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ)
          हृदयेभिः¹ (hṛdayebhiḥ¹)
          dative हृदयाय (hṛdayāya) हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
          ablative हृदयात् (hṛdayāt) हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
          genitive हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
          locative हृदये (hṛdaye) हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu)
          vocative हृदय (hṛdaya) हृदयौ (hṛdayau)
          हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)
          हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
          हृदयासः¹ (hṛdayāsaḥ¹)
          • ¹Vedic
          Feminine ā-stem declension of हृदया
          singular dual plural
          nominative हृदया (hṛdayā) हृदये (hṛdaye) हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
          accusative हृदयाम् (hṛdayām) हृदये (hṛdaye) हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
          instrumental हृदयया (hṛdayayā)
          हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)
          हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) हृदयाभिः (hṛdayābhiḥ)
          dative हृदयायै (hṛdayāyai) हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ)
          ablative हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ)
          हृदयायै² (hṛdayāyai²)
          हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ)
          genitive हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ)
          हृदयायै² (hṛdayāyai²)
          हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
          locative हृदयायाम् (hṛdayāyām) हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) हृदयासु (hṛdayāsu)
          vocative हृदये (hṛdaye) हृदये (hṛdaye) हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
          • ¹Vedic
          • ²Brāhmaṇas
          Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय
          singular dual plural
          nominative हृदयम् (hṛdayam) हृदये (hṛdaye) हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
          हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)
          accusative हृदयम् (hṛdayam) हृदये (hṛdaye) हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
          हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)
          instrumental हृदयेन (hṛdayena) हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ)
          हृदयेभिः¹ (hṛdayebhiḥ¹)
          dative हृदयाय (hṛdayāya) हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
          ablative हृदयात् (hṛdayāt) हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām) हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
          genitive हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya) हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
          locative हृदये (hṛdaye) हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ) हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu)
          vocative हृदय (hṛdaya) हृदये (hṛdaye) हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
          हृदया¹ (hṛdayā¹)
          • ¹Vedic

          References

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          • Monier Williams (1899) “हृदय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, [], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1302/3.
          • हृदय” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 666.
          • Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “हृदय”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 380
          • Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 978
          • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “hṛ́daya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 818
          • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 818