हृदय

Hindi

हृदय

Alternative forms

• हृदा (hŕdā)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit हृदय (hṛ́daya), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱḗr. Doublet of दिल (dil) and हिया (hiyā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɦɾɪ.d̪əj/, /ɦɪɾ.d̪əj/

Noun

हृदय • (hŕday) m (Urdu spelling ہردی‎)

1. (anatomy) heart

   रोगी का हृदय अभी भी धड़क रहा है।

   rogī kā hŕday abhī bhī dhaṛak rahā hai.

   The patient's heart is still beating.

   मेरा बाप का हृदय बहुत दुर्बल है।

   merā bāp kā hŕday bahut durbal hai.

   My father has a very weak heart.

   उसकी वाणी ने मेरे हृदय को छू दिया।

   uskī vāṇī ne mere hŕday ko chū diyā.

   His speech touched my heart.

Declension

Declension of हृदय
	Singular	Plural
Direct	हृदय (hŕday)	हृदय (hŕday)
Oblique	हृदय (hŕday)	हृदयों (hŕdyõ)
Vocative	हृदय (hŕday)	हृदयो (hŕdyo)

Synonyms

• दिल (dil), हिया (hiyā)

Derived terms

• हृदयाघात (hŕday-āghāt, “heart attack”)
• हृदयकंप (hŕday-kamp, “palpitation, heart-throb”)
• हृदयग्राही (hŕday-grāhī, “captivating, charming”)
• हृदयहीन (hŕday-hīn, “dry, hard-hearted, unfeeling”)
• विदीर्णहृदय (vidīrṇ-hŕday, “heartbroken”)
• मृदुलहृदय (mŕdul-hŕday, “tender-hearted, gentle”)

References

• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “हृदय”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “हृदय”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

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Nepali

Noun

हृदय • (hŕday)

1. heart

See also

• मुटु (muṭu)

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Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *źʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱr̥d-, oblique case stem of *ḱḗr (“heart”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬰𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬛‎ (zərəd), Ancient Greek καρδίᾱ (kardíā), Hittite 𒆠𒅕 (kir), Old Church Slavonic срьдьцє (srĭdĭce), Latin cor, Old English heorte (whence English heart).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɦŕ̩.d̪ɐ.jɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɦr̩.d̪ɐ.jɐ/

Noun

हृदय • (hṛ́daya) n

1. the heart
   • RV 6.53.8c

     यां पूषन बरह्मचोदनीमारां बिभर्ष्याघृणे |

     तया समस्य हर्दयमा रिख किकिरा कृणु ||

     yāṃ pūṣana brahmacodanīmārāṃ bibharṣyāghṛṇe |

     tayā samasya hṛdayamā rikha kikirā kṛṇu ||

     Thou, glowing Pūṣan, carriest an awl that urges men to prayer;

     Therewith do thou tear up and rend to shreds the heart of every one.

2. soul, mind, spirit (as the seat of mental operations)
   • RV 6.9.6b

     वि मे कर्णा पतयतो वि चक्षुर्वीदं जयोतिर्ह्र्दय आहितं यत |

     वि मे मनश्चरति दूराधीः किं सविद वक्ष्यामिकिमु नू मनिष्ये ||

     vi me karṇā patayato vi cakṣurvīdaṃ jyotirhṛdaya āhitaṃ yata |

     vi me manaścarati dūrādhīḥ kiṃ savida vakṣyāmikimu nū maniṣye ||

     Mine ears unclose to hear, mine eye to see him; the light that harbours in my spirit broadens.

     Far roams my mind whose thoughts are in the distance. What shall I speak, what shall I now imagine?

3. the heart or interior of the body
4. the heart or centre or core or essence or best or dearest or most secret part of anything
5. true or divine knowledge
6. the Veda
7. science

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय (hṛ́daya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयम् hṛ́dayam	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Vocative	हृदय hṛ́daya	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Accusative	हृदयम् hṛ́dayam	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदयानि / हृदया¹ hṛ́dayāni / hṛ́dayā¹
Instrumental	हृदयेन hṛ́dayena	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयैः / हृदयेभिः¹ hṛ́dayaiḥ / hṛ́dayebhiḥ¹
Dative	हृदयाय hṛ́dayāya	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ
Ablative	हृदयात् hṛ́dayāt	हृदयाभ्याम् hṛ́dayābhyām	हृदयेभ्यः hṛ́dayebhyaḥ
Genitive	हृदयस्य hṛ́dayasya	हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ	हृदयानाम् hṛ́dayānām
Locative	हृदये hṛ́daye	हृदययोः hṛ́dayayoḥ	हृदयेषु hṛ́dayeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Adjective

हृदय • (hṛ́daya)

1. going to the heart

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of हृदय
Nom. sg.	हृदयः (hṛdayaḥ)
Gen. sg.	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयः (hṛdayaḥ)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Vocative	हृदय (hṛdaya)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Accusative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदयौ (hṛdayau)	हृदयान् (hṛdayān)
Instrumental	हृदयेन (hṛdayena)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ)
Dative	हृदयाय (hṛdayāya)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Ablative	हृदयात् (hṛdayāt)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Genitive	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
Locative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu)

Feminine ā-stem declension of हृदय
Nom. sg.	हृदया (hṛdayā)
Gen. sg.	हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदया (hṛdayā)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Vocative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Accusative	हृदयाम् (hṛdayām)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयाः (hṛdayāḥ)
Instrumental	हृदयया (hṛdayayā)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभिः (hṛdayābhiḥ)
Dative	हृदयायै (hṛdayāyai)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ)
Ablative	हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयाभ्यः (hṛdayābhyaḥ)
Genitive	हृदयायाः (hṛdayāyāḥ)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
Locative	हृदयायाम् (hṛdayāyām)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयासु (hṛdayāsu)

Neuter a-stem declension of हृदय
Nom. sg.	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)
Gen. sg.	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
Vocative	हृदय (hṛdaya)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
Accusative	हृदयम् (hṛdayam)	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदयानि (hṛdayāni)
Instrumental	हृदयेन (hṛdayena)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयैः (hṛdayaiḥ)
Dative	हृदयाय (hṛdayāya)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Ablative	हृदयात् (hṛdayāt)	हृदयाभ्याम् (hṛdayābhyām)	हृदयेभ्यः (hṛdayebhyaḥ)
Genitive	हृदयस्य (hṛdayasya)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयानाम् (hṛdayānām)
Locative	हृदये (hṛdaye)	हृदययोः (hṛdayayoḥ)	हृदयेषु (hṛdayeṣu)

References

• “हृदय” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 666.
• Monier Williams (1899), “हृदय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 1302.
• Arthur A. Macdonell, A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, 1893, page 380
• Horace Hayman Wilson, A dictionary in Sanscrit and English, 2nd ed., Calcutta: Education Press, Circular Road, 1832, page 978