ἐκ
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
edit- ἐξ (ex) — before a vowel, both in compounds and as a separate word
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Hellenic *eks, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”).[1][2]
Cognates include Latin ex, ē, Old Irish ess-, a, ass (Irish as), Lithuanian ìš, Old Church Slavonic из (iz), Northern Kurdish ji, Albanian ith.
The genitive is from the PIE ablative of separation.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ek/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ek/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ek/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ek/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ek/
Preposition
editἐκ • (ek) (governs the genitive)
- (of place)
- (of time)
- (of origin)
- (of materials) made out of something
- (of descent, parentage) descended from
- (of causation) done by someone, something
- of the cause, instrument, or means by which a thing is done
- from, according to
- turns a following noun into a periphrastic adverb
- (with numerals) in such an order
Usage notes
edit- In Attic inscriptions (not in literary writing), ἐξ (ex) is found before words beginning with σ, ξ, ζ, ρ, and sometimes λ.
- In inscriptions, the compound may appear as ἐγ- before β, δ, λ, μ, and ν, but this does not happen in literary writing (e.g. ἐκλελέχθαι (eklelékhthai)).
Derived terms
editDescendants
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐκ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 395
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐξ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 433
Further reading
edit- “ἐκ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἐκ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἐκ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἐκ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἐκ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἐκ in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἐκ”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G1537 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- ἐκ in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- accordance idem, page 7.
- after idem, page 17.
- commence idem, page 147.
- compact idem, page 149.
- depend idem, page 211.
- evacuate idem, page 284.
- fall idem, page 303.
- forth idem, page 339.
- from idem, page 346.
- hand idem, page 382.
- hang idem, page 383.
- inspire idem, page 446.
- instead of idem, page 446.
- issue idem, page 461.
- jump idem, page 466.
- leap idem, page 482.
- light idem, page 490.
- loin idem, page 497.
- lose idem, page 500.
- off idem, page 569.
- out of idem, page 581.
- since idem, page 777.
- spring idem, page 805.
- step idem, page 815.
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 1-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek prepositions
- Ancient Greek unaccented terms
- Ancient Greek genitive prepositions
- Ancient Greek terms with usage examples