嗆

See also: 呛

嗆 U+55C6, 嗆 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-55C6 ← 嗅 [U+55C5] CJK Unified Ideographs 嗇 → [U+55C7]

Translingual

Han character

嗆 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+10, 13 strokes, cangjie input 口人戈口 (ROIR), four-corner 6806₇, composition ⿰口倉)

1. to choke with smoke
2. to irritate the nose

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 202, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4051
• Dae Jaweon: page 424, character 30
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 669, character 10
• Unihan data for U+55C6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (倉) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
艙	*sʰaːŋ
倉	*sʰaːŋ
蒼	*sʰaːŋ, *sʰaːŋʔ
滄	*sʰaːŋ, *sʰraŋs
傖	*sʰaːŋ, *zraːŋ
鶬	*sʰaːŋ
凔	*sʰaːŋ
槍	*sʰaŋ, *sʰraːŋ
搶	*sʰaŋ, *sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ
蹌	*sʰaŋ
瑲	*sʰaŋ
牄	*sʰaŋ
嗆	*sʰaŋs
創	*sʰraŋ, *sʰraŋs
瘡	*sʰraŋ
愴	*sʰraŋʔ, *sʰraŋs
鎗	*sʰraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰaŋs) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ).

Etymology 1

trad.		嗆
simp.		呛
alternative forms		熗／炝 (to irritate)

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiāng, qiàng

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤ, ㄑㄧㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciang
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiang¹
    • Yale: chyāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiang
    • Palladius: цян (cjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciàng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiang⁴
    • Yale: chyàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianq
    • Palladius: цян (cjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: coeng¹
    • Yale: chēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ⁵⁵/

---

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaŋs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	嗆
Reading #	1/1
No.	1138
Phonetic component	倉
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	蹡
Old Chinese	/*sʰaŋs/
Notes	搶晚起分化字

Definitions

嗆

1. to choke (due to swallowing the wrong way)

Pronunciation 2

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qiàng (qiang⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): coeng³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiòng / chhiàng / chhiùⁿ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiàng
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciàng
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiang⁴
    • Yale: chyàng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianq
    • Palladius: цян (cjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: coeng³
    • Yale: cheung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tsoeng³
    • Guangdong Romanization: cêng³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰœːŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiòng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiòng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chioxng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiàng
    • Tâi-lô: tshiàng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chiaxng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiaŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiùⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: tshiùnn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: chviux
    • IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰiũ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰiũ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/

Note:

• chhiòng/chhiàng - literary;
• chhiùⁿ - vernacular.

Definitions

嗆

1. to irritate the respiratory organs, especially the nose (of smoke or odor)
2. (Taiwan) to shout at somebody; to speak out against somebody

Compounds

• 倒嗆／倒呛
• 嗆咳／呛咳 (qiàngké)
• 嗆啍／呛啍
• 嗆鼻／呛鼻
• 夠嗆／够呛 (gòuqiàng)

 

Etymology 2

trad.		嗆
simp.		呛
alternative forms		啜 Hokkien

Pronunciation

• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhngh / chhǹg / chhn̍gh

---

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhngh
    • Tâi-lô: tshngh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhngq
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰŋ̍ʔ³²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍ʔ⁵/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhǹg
    • Tâi-lô: tshǹg
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhngx
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰŋ̍²¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhn̍gh
    • Tâi-lô: tshn̍gh
    • Phofsit Daibuun: zhngh
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰŋ̍ʔ⁴/

Definitions

嗆

1. (Hokkien) to sniffle; to snuffle; to snort (especially outwards rather than inwards when the nose is stuffed)

   嗆嗆吼／呛呛吼 [Hokkien]  ―  chhngh chhngh háu [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  to sob sniffling

2. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to sob incessantly

Synonyms

• 咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
• 哭 (kū)
• 哭泣 (kūqì)
• 哭訴／哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
• 哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
• 啜氣／啜气 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 啜泣 (chuòqì)
• 啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
• 啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)
• 嗚咽／呜咽 (wūyè)
• 大哭 (dàkū) (to weep loudly)
• 忽喇 (hueh⁴ ci¹) (Jin)
• 抽咽 (chōuyè)
• 抽噎 (chōuyē)
• 抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
• 抽泣 (chōuqì)
• 泣 (literary, or in compounds)
• 流淚／流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
• 流眼淚／流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
• 痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
• 號哭／号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
• 號啕／号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
• 飲泣／饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)

 

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00659
• “嗆”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

嗆

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

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Readings

• On (unclassified): しょう (shō); そう (sō)
• Kun: ついばむ (tsuibamu); むせる (museru); つまる (tsumaru)

Korean

Hanja

嗆 • (chang) (hangeul 창, revised chang, McCune–Reischauer ch'ang)

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Vietnamese

Han character

嗆: Hán Nôm readings: sang

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