創

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

創 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+10, 12 strokes, cangjie input 人口中弓 (ORLN), four-corner 8260₀, composition ⿰倉刂)

Derived charactersEdit

𣋃𤏬

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 143, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2127
Dae Jaweon: page 323, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 350, character 15
Unihan data for U+5275

ChineseEdit

trad.		創
simp.		创
alternative forms		刅刱剏／创剙／创瘡／疮刅刱剏／创剙／创瘡／疮𠛂𠛲𠝀𠞴𠟐𨱠𠛝

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 創
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (倉) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
艙	*sʰaːŋ
倉	*sʰaːŋ
蒼	sʰaːŋ, sʰaːŋʔ
滄	sʰaːŋ, sʰraŋs
傖	sʰaːŋ, zraːŋ
鶬	*sʰaːŋ
凔	*sʰaːŋ
槍	sʰaŋ, sʰraːŋ
搶	sʰaŋ, sʰaŋʔ, *sʰraŋʔ
蹌	*sʰaŋ
瑲	*sʰaŋ
牄	*sʰaŋ
嗆	*sʰaŋs
創	sʰraŋ, sʰraŋs
瘡	*sʰraŋ
愴	sʰraŋʔ, sʰraŋs
鎗	*sʰraːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰraŋ, *sʰraŋs): phonetic 倉 (OC *sʰaːŋ) + semantic 刂 (“knife”) – wound.

Pronunciation 1Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chuàng (chuang⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cong³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhóng

(Meixian, Guangdong): cong³
Min Dong (BUC): cháung
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhòng

(Teochew, Peng'im): cang³
Wu (Wiktionary): ²tshaan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chuàng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chuàng
  - Wade–Giles: chʻuang⁴
  - Yale: chwàng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuanq
  - Palladius: чуан (čuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰwɑŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cong³
  - Yale: chong
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsong³
  - Guangdong Romanization: cong³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cong³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰɔŋ³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: cháung
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑuŋ²¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhòng
  - Tâi-lô: tshòng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhoxng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: cang³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshàng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ²tshaan
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑ̃³⁴/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ^H/

Rime
Character	創
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	初亮切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰiɐŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰiɑŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰɨaŋ^H/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰiaŋ^H/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰĭaŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯aŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuàng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cong³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]raŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰraŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	創
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuàng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrhjang^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]raŋ-s/
English	begin
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	創
Reading #	2/2
No.	1143
Phonetic component	倉
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	剏
Old Chinese	/*sʰraŋs/

DefinitionsEdit

創

to start to (do something); to do something (for the first time); to found; to create; to establish
to expand; to broaden; to extend
to write; to start to compile
to punish; to penalise
unique; special; unseen; creative
創意／创意 ― chuàngyì ― creativity
(Min Nan) to do; to perform
(Min Nan) to make; to produce
(Min Nan) to tease; to poke fun at

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 創

初創／初创 (chūchuàng)
別創新格／别创新格
創下／创下 (chuàngxià)
創世／创世 (chuàngshì)
創世紀／创世纪 (Chuàngshìjì)
創作／创作 (chuàngzuò)
創出／创出
創刊／创刊 (chuàngkān)
創制／创制 (chuàngzhì)
創制權／创制权
創匯／创汇 (chuànghuì)
創始／创始 (chuàngshǐ)
創建／创建 (chuàngjiàn)
創意／创意 (chuàngyì)
創意指導／创意指导
創意曲／创意曲
創意造言／创意造言

創收／创收 (chuàngshōu)
創新／创新 (chuàngxīn)
創校／创校
創業／创业 (chuàngyè)
創業垂統／创业垂统
創業守成／创业守成
創業維艱／创业维艰
創業興家／创业兴家
創治／创治 (chhòng-tī) (Min Nan)
創獲／创获
創稿／创稿
創立／创立 (chuànglì)
創紀錄／创纪录 (chuàng jìlù)
創舉／创举 (chuàngjǔ)
創見／创见 (chuàngjiàn)
創設／创设 (chuàngshè)

創議／创议 (chuàngyì)
創辦／创办 (chuàngbàn)
創辦人／创办人 (chuàngbànrén)
創造／创造 (chuàngzào)
創造力／创造力 (chuàngzàolì)
始創／始创
新創／新创 (xīnchuàng)
獨創／独创 (dúchuàng)
獨創一格／独创一格
神創論／神创论 (shénchuànglùn)
締創／缔创
自創／自创 (zìchuàng)
自創新意／自创新意
草創／草创 (cǎochuàng)
開創／开创 (kāichuàng)
首創／首创 (shǒuchuàng)

Pronunciation 2Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chuāng (chuang¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄨㄤ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cong¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhóng
Min Dong (BUC): chŏng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhong / chhòng / chhng

(Teochew, Peng'im): cang³
Wu (Wiktionary): ¹tshaan

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chuāng
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄨㄤ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chuang
  - Wade–Giles: chʻuang¹
  - Yale: chwāng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuang
  - Palladius: чуан (čuan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰwɑŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cong¹
  - Yale: chōng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsong¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: cong¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhóng
  - Hakka Romanization System: cong`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cong³
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ³¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: chŏng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰouŋ⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong / chhòng / chhng
  - Tâi-lô: tshong / tshòng / tshng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zhofng, zhoxng, zhngf
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³/, /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ¹¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡sʰɔŋ²¹/, /t͡sʰŋ̍⁴⁴/

Note:

chhong/chhòng - literary;
chhng - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: cang³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshàng
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰaŋ²¹³/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ¹tshaan
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɑ̃⁵³/

Middle Chinese: /t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ/

Rime
Character	創
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	初 (19)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	初良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈ͡ʂʰiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ʃʰiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈ͡ʂʰɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ʃʰiaŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ʃʰĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʈ͡ʂʰi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	chuāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	cong¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]raŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*sʰraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	創
Reading #	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chuāng
Middle Chinese	‹ tsrhjang ›
Old Chinese	/*[tsʰ]raŋ/
English	wound (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	創
Reading #	1/2
No.	1139
Phonetic component	倉
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	創
Old Chinese	/*sʰraŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

創

to injure; to harm; to damage
to cut; to slash; to sever
damage; wound; knife cut
Alternative form of 瘡／疮 (chuāng, “sore”).

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 創

刀創藥／刀创药
創傷／创伤 (chuāngshāng)
創口／创口 (chuāngkǒu)
創夷／创夷
創痕／创痕

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

創

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

injury, wound
originate, start

ReadingsEdit

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ, “injury, wound”):

Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kun: きず (kizu, 創); きずつける (kizutsukeru, 創ける)

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ^H, “originate, start”):

Go-on: しょう (shō)^{←しやう (syau, historical)}
Kan-on: そう (sō, Jōyō)^{←さう (sau, historical)}
Kun: つくる (tsukuru, 創る, Jōyō); はじめる (hajimeru, 創める)
Nanori: はじむ (hajimu)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

創(そう)作(さく) (sōsaku, “create”)
創(そう)始(し) (sōshi, “initiating”)
創(そう)唱(しょう) (sōshō)
創(そう)造(ぞう) (sōzō, “creation”)
創(そう)世(せい) (sōsei, “creation of the world”)
創(そう)薬(やく) (sōyaku, “drug creation”)
開(かい)創(そう) (kaisō, “initial opening”)
挫(ざ)創(そう) (zasō, “bruise”)
射(しゃ)創(そう) (shasō, “gunshot wound”)
刃(じん)創(そう) (jinsō)
打(だ)撲(ぼく)創(そう) (dabokusō)
刀(とう)創(そう) (tōsō, “sword wound”)

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
創
そう Grade: 6
kan’on

/t͡ʃau/ → /sau/ → /sɔː/ → /soː/

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ, t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ^H).

Proper nounEdit

創(そう) • (Sō) ^{←さう (sau)^?}

a female given name

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
創
つくる Grade: 6
irregular

Nominalization of verb 創る (tsukuru, “to create (new things)”).

Proper nounEdit

創(つくる) • (Tsukuru)

a female given name

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
創
はじめ Grade: 6
irregular

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 始める (hajimeru, “to begin, start”).

Proper nounEdit

創(はじめ) • (Hajime)

a female given name

KoreanEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ^H).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 차ᇰ〮 (Yale: cháng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Middle Korean 창 (chang)^訓 (Yale: chang) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

PronunciationEdit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰa̠(ː)ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [창(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

HanjaEdit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

創

Wikisource

創 (eumhun 비롯할 창 (birothal chang))

Hanja form^? of 창 (“to start; to originate”).
Hanja form^? of 창 (“unique; special; creative”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

창출 (創出, changchul)
창조 (創造, changjo)
창업 (創業, chang'eop)
창의 (創意, chang'ui)
창제 (創製, changje)
거창 (巨創, geochang)
독창 (獨創, dokchang)
창작 (創作, changjak)
창설 (創設, changseol)
창간 (創刊, changgan)
창시 (創始, changsi)
창건 (創建, changgeon)
창립 (創立, changnip)
창당 (創黨, changdang)
창초 (創祖, changcho)
창사 (創社, changsa)
창안 (創案, chang'an)
창견 (創見, changgyeon)
창군 (創軍, changgun)
창성 (創成, changseong)
창세 (創世, changse)

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle Chinese 創 (MC t͡ʃʰɨɐŋ).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 차ᇰ (Yale: chang) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.

PronunciationEdit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰa̠ŋ]
Phonetic hangul: [창]

HanjaEdit

創 (eumhun 다칠 창 (dachil chang))

Hanja form^? of 창 (“damage; wound”).

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

창이 (創痍, chang'i)
창상 (創傷, changsang)
도창 (刀創, dochang)
상창 (傷創, sangchang)
자창 (刺創, jachang)
탄창 (彈創, tanchang)
교창 (咬創, gyochang)
인창 (刃創, inchang)

ReferencesEdit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

創: Hán Nôm readings: sáng, sang

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

創

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Pronunciation 1Edit

DefinitionsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Pronunciation 2Edit

DefinitionsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Further readingEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Proper nounEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Proper nounEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Proper nounEdit

KoreanEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

HanjaEdit

CompoundsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

HanjaEdit

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit