哭

哭	U+54ED, 哭 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-54ED

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

哭 (radical 30, 口+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 口口戈大 (RRIK), four-corner 6643₀, composition ⿱吅犬)

Shuōwén Jiězì radical №25

DescendantsEdit

喪

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 190, character 25
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3658
Dae Jaweon: page 410, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 629, character 2
Unihan data for U+54ED

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		哭

Wikipedia has an article on:

哭

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (獄) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
嶽	*ŋroːɡ
鸑	*ŋroːɡ
哭	*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ
獄	*ŋoɡ

Shuowen interprets it to be a phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋ̊ʰoːɡ): semantic 吅 (“to speak loudly”) + phonetic 獄 (OC *ŋoɡ), simplified to 犬.

Alternatively, it may be an ideogrammic compound (會意): 吅 (“to speak loudly”) + 犬 (“dog”) – a dog's bark > cry; weep.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kuːk (“to weep; to wail”); cognate with Mizo kûk (“to shriek”) (STEDT).

This seems to be an area word; compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *kuk ~ kuuk ~ kuək ~ kək (“to call”), Proto-Austronesian *-kuk (“sound of a sob”) (Schuessler, 2007).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): kū (ku¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄨ

(Chengdu, SP): ku²

(Dungan, Cyrillic): кў (kw, I)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): huk¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): huuk²
Gan (Wiktionary): kuh⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khuk

(Meixian, Guangdong): kug⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): kueh⁴
Min Bei (KCR): kŭ
Min Dong (BUC): kók
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khàu / khok

(Teochew, Peng'im): kao³
Wu (Wiktionary): khoq (T4)
Xiang (Wiktionary): ku⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: kū
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄨ
  - Wade–Giles: kʻu¹
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ku
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ku
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu⁵⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: ku²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ku
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: кў (kw, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: huk¹
  - Yale: hūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: huk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: hug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hʊk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: huuk²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵk̚⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: kuh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰuʔ⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: kug`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰuk̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰʊk̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: kueh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /kʰxuəʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰouʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàu / khok
  - Tâi-lô: khàu / khok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qaux, qog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰaʊ²¹/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰaʊ⁴¹/, /kʰɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰaʊ²¹/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰaʊ¹¹/, /kʰɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰaʊ²¹/, /kʰɔk̚³²/

Note:

khàu - vernacular;
khok - literary.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: kao³
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khàu
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰau²¹³/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: khoq (T4)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰʊʔ⁵⁵/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: ku⁶
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰu²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 哭
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰu⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/kʰu⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/kʰu²¹/
	Jinan	/kʰu²¹³/
	Qingdao	/kʰu⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰu²⁴/
	Xi'an	/kʰu²¹/
	Xining	/kʰv̩⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/kʰu¹³/
	Lanzhou	/kʰu¹³/
	Ürümqi	/kʰu²¹³/
	Wuhan	/kʰu²¹³/
	Chengdu	/kʰu³¹/
	Guiyang	/kʰu²¹/
	Kunming	/kʰu³¹/
	Nanjing	/kʰuʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/kʰuəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰuəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/kʰuʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/kʰuəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰoʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/kʰoʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/kʰoʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/kʰu²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰuʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/kʰu⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰu²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kʰu²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰuʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰuk̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰuk̚²²/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hok̚⁵/
	Nanning	/huk̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/huk̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰɔk/ /kʰau¹/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰouʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰu²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰau²¹³/ 訓讀
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xau³⁵/ 訓號

Middle Chinese: /kʰuk̚/

Rime
Character	哭
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	屋 (3)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	空谷切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəwk̚/
Li Rong	/kʰuk̚/
Wang Li	/kʰuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰuk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ku

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʰ]ˤok/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	哭
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	kū
Middle Chinese	‹ khuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[kʰ]ˁok/
English	weep
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	哭
Reading #	1/1
No.	16031
Phonetic component	獄
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	哭
Old Chinese	/*ŋ̊ʰoːɡ/
Notes	說文獄省聲

DefinitionsEdit

哭

to weep; to cry; to wail

SynonymsEdit

edit

Synonyms of 哭

切氣／切气 (Min Nan)
咧咧 (liēlie) (dialectal, of a child)
哭泣 (kūqì)
哭訴／哭诉 (kūsù) (to recount tearfully)
哭鼻子 (kū bízi) (chiefly Mandarin, colloquial, often humorous)
啜泣 (chuòqì)
啼 (tí) (literary, or in compounds)
啼哭 (tíkū) (to cry loudly)

嗚咽／呜咽 (wūyè)
大哭 (dàkū) (to weep uncontrollably)
忽喇 (Jin)
抽咽 (chōuyè)
抽噎 (chōuyē)
抽搭 (chōuda) (colloquial)
抽泣 (chōuqì)
泣 (qì) (literary, or in compounds)

流淚／流泪 (liúlèi) (to shed tears)
流目屎 (Hokkien)
流目汁 (Teochew)
流眼淚／流眼泪 (liú yǎnlèi) (to shed tears)
痛哭 (tòngkū) (to cry bitterly)
號哭／号哭 (háokū) (to wail)
號啕／号啕 (háotáo) (to cry loudly)
飲泣／饮泣 (yǐnqì) (literary, to weep in silence)

Dialectal synonyms of 哭 (“to cry; to weep”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		泣, 哭
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		哭, 哭泣
Mandarin	Beijing	哭
	Taiwan	哭
	Harbin	哭, 哭鼻子 humorous
	Jinan	哭
	Muping	哭
	Luoyang	哭
	Wanrong	哭
	Xi'an	哭
	Xining	哭
	Xuzhou	哭
	Yinchuan	哭, 哭鼻子
	Lanzhou	哭
	Ürümqi	哭
	Wuhan	哭
	Chengdu	哭
	Guiyang	哭
	Yangzhou	哭
	Nanjing	哭, 哭鼻子 humorous
	Hefei	哭
	Malaysia	哭
	Singapore	哭
	Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan)	哭
Cantonese	Guangzhou	喊
	Hong Kong	喊
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	哭
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	哭
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	哭
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	哭
	Macau	喊
	Panyu	喊
	Huadu (Huashan)	叫
	Conghua	哭
	Zengcheng	哭
	Foshan	喊
	Nanhai (Shatou)	喊
	Shunde	喊
	Sanshui	喊
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	喊
	Zhuhai (Qianshan)	喊
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	哭
	Doumen	哭
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	哭
	Xinhui	哭
	Taishan	哭
	Kaiping (Chikan)	哭
	Enping (Niujiang)	哭
	Heshan (Yayao)	哭
	Dongguan	哭
	Bao'an (Shajing)	哭, 喊
	Dapeng	哭
	Yangjiang	哭
	Nanning	哭
	Danzhou	哭
	Kuala Lumpur	喊
	Singapore	喊
	Ho Chi Minh City	喊
Gan	Nanchang	哭, 叫
	Lichuan	啼
	Pingxiang	哭
Hakka	Meixian	叫, 叫眵, 叫嘴
	Xingning	叫
	Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua)	哭
	Huidong (Daling)	叫
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	叫
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	叫
	Zhongshan (Wuguishan)	叫
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	叫
	Wuhua (Shuizhai)	叫
	Wuhua (Huacheng)	叫, 叫嘴
	Wuhua (Changbu)	叫, 叫嘴
	Wuhua (Mianyang)	叫, 叫嘴
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	哭
	Qujiang	叫嘴
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	叫
	Liannan	叫
	Conghua (Lütian)	叫
	Jiexi	叫
	Luchuan	叫
	Changting	唩
	Pingyu	叫
	Wuping	叫嘴
	Liancheng	唩
	Ninghua	唩
	Yudu	叫
	Ruijin	叫
	Shicheng	唩
	Shangyou	叫
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	叫, 叫眵
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	叫, 叫眵
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	叫, 叫眵
	Dongshi (Dabu)	叫, 叫眵
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	唩, 唩眵
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	唩
	Hong Kong	叫
	Sabah (Longchuan)	叫, 叫嘴
	Senai	叫
	Singkawang	叫
Huizhou	Jixi	嚎
Jin	Taiyuan	哭
Jin	Xinzhou	哭
Min Bei	Jian'ou	啼
	Dikou	啼
	Songxi	啼
	Zhenghe	啼
	Zhenqian	啼
	Jianyang	啼
	Wuyishan	啼
	Shibei	啼
Min Dong	Fuzhou	啼, 啼嘛
	Changle	啼
	Fuqing	啼
	Yongtai	啼
	Gutian	啼
	Fu'an	嚎
	Ningde	嚎
	Shouning	嚎
	Zhouning	嚎
	Fuding	啼, 哭
	Matsu	啼, 啼嘛
Min Nan	Xiamen	吼, 哭
	Quanzhou	吼, 哭
	Yongchun	吼
	Zhangzhou	吼, 哭
	Taipei	吼, 哭
	Kaohsiung	吼, 哭
	Tainan	吼, 哭
	Taichung	哭, 吼
	Hsinchu	哭, 吼
	Lukang	吼, 哭
	Sanxia	吼, 哭
	Yilan	吼, 哭
	Kinmen	吼
	Magong	哭, 吼
	Penang (Hokkien)	吼
	Singapore (Hokkien)	哭
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	吼
	Longyan	啼
	Zhangping	啼
	Datian	哭
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	吼
	Chaozhou	哭
	Shantou	哭
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	哭
	Singapore (Teochew)	哭
	Wenchang	哭
	Haikou	啼
	Leizhou	哭
Puxian Min	Putian	吼
Puxian Min	Xianyou	吼
Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	哭
Shehua	Fu'an	叫
	Fuding	叫
	Luoyuan	叫
	Sanming	叫
	Shunchang	叫
	Hua'an	叫
	Guixi	叫
	Cangnan	叫
	Jingning	叫
	Lishui	叫
	Longyou	叫
	Chaozhou	叫
	Fengshun	叫
Wu	Shanghai	哭
	Suzhou	哭
	Wuxi	哭
	Hangzhou	哭
	Wenzhou	哭
	Chongming	哭
	Danyang	哭
	Jinhua	哭
	Ningbo	哭
Xiang	Changsha	哭
	Shuangfeng	哭
	Loudi	哭
	Quanzhou	哭

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 哭

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: こく (koku)
Kan-on: こく (koku)
Kun: なく (naku, 哭く)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

哀哭(あいこく) (aikoku)
憂(う)き哭(ね) (ukine)
哭(おら)ぶ (orabu)
鬼哭(きこく) (kikoku): the wailing of a ghost, or the sound thereof
泣哭(きゅうこく) (kyūkoku)
号哭(ごうこく) (gōkoku)
哭(こく)す (kokusu)
哭(こく)する (kokusuru)
哭声(こくせい) (kokusei)
哭慟(こくどう) (kokudō)
哭泣(こっきゅう) (kokkyū)
痛哭(つうこく) (tsūkoku)
啼哭(ていこく) (teikoku)
慟哭(どうこく) (dōkoku)
哭(な)き女(め) (nakime)
御哭(みね) (mine)

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

哭 • (gok) (hangeul 곡)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

哭 (khốc, khóc)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.