揚州

See also: 扬州

Chinese edit

		raise rising	prefecture(s) prefectural capital(s)
trad. (揚州)		揚	州
simp. (扬州)		扬	州

Wikipedia has articles on:

揚州 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
揚州 (Cantonese)
揚州 (Classical)
Iông-chiu-chhī (Southern Min)
Iòng-ciŭ (Eastern Min)
扬州市 (Wu)

Etymology edit

From the area of 揚州 recorded as one of the Nine Provinces 九州 (Jiǔzhōu) of Yu the Great 大禹 (Dà Yǔ) in the "Tribute of Yu" 禹贡 (Yǔ Gòng) section of the Book of Xia 夏書／夏书 (Xià Shū) in the Book of Documents 書經／书经 (shūjīng)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Yángzhōu

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄡ
Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng⁴ zau¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Yòng-chû

(Meixian, Guangdong): yong² zu¹
Jin (Wiktionary): ion¹ zou¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Iòng-ciŭ
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Iông-chiu

(Teochew, Peng'im): iang⁵ ziu¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶yan-tseu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Yángzhōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˊ ㄓㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Yángjhou
  - Wade–Giles: Yang²-chou¹
  - Yale: Yáng-jōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Yangjou
  - Palladius: Янчжоу (Jančžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: joeng⁴ zau¹
  - Yale: yèuhng jāu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: joeng⁴ dzau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: yêng⁴ zeo¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Yòng-chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: iongˇ zu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yong² zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Yòng-chû
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iongˇ zu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yong² zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: yong² zu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /iɔŋ¹¹ t͡su⁴⁴/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ion¹ zou¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /iɒ̃¹¹ t͡səu¹¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Iòng-ciŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yoŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(t͡s-)ʒieu⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Iông-chiu
  - Tâi-lô: Iông-tsiu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iongciw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iang⁵ ziu¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iâng tsiu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶yan-tseu
  - MiniDict: yan^去 tseu
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhian-tseu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiã²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: yang tsyuw

Rime
Character	揚	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	與章切	職流切
Baxter	yang	tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨɐŋ/	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/jiɐŋ/	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/iɑŋ/	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨaŋ/	/cuw/
Li Rong	/iaŋ/	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/jĭaŋ/	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/i̯aŋ/	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yáng	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	joeng⁴	zau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*laŋ tu/

(Zhengzhang): /*laŋ tju/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	揚	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yáng	zhōu
Middle Chinese	‹ yang ›	‹ tsyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*laŋ/	/*tu/
English	raise	islet in stream; province
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	揚	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14592	17493
Phonetic component	昜	州
Rime group	陽	幽
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	陽	周
Old Chinese	/*laŋ/	/*tju/
Notes	金文象人雙手舉玉加昜聲