柊

柊 U+67CA, 柊 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-67CA ← 柉 [U+67C9] CJK Unified Ideographs 柋 → [U+67CB]

Translingual

Han character

柊 (radical 75, 木+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 木竹水卜 (DHEY), four-corner 4793₃, composition ⿰木冬)

References

• KangXi: page 518, character 15
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14610
• Dae Jaweon: page 906, character 16
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1187, character 3
• Unihan data for U+67CA

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		柊

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (冬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
疼	*dɯːŋ, *duːŋ
冬	*tuːŋ
苳	*tuːŋ
笗	*tuːŋ
炵	*tʰuːŋ, *duːŋ
佟	*duːŋ
鼕	*duːŋ
鉖	*duːŋ
終	*tjuŋ
螽	*tjuŋ
鼨	*tjuŋ
柊	*tjuŋ
鴤	*tjuŋ
泈	*tjuŋ
蔠	*tjuŋ

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhōng (zhong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zung¹, dung¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: zhōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄥ
    • Wade–Giles: chung1
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jong
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhong
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: zung¹, dung¹
    • Yale: jūng, dūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzung¹, dung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: zung¹, dung¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʊŋ⁵⁵/, /tʊŋ⁵⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: /t͡ɕɨuŋ/

Rime
Character	柊
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	職戎切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡ɕɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡ɕiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡ɕiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/cuwŋ/
Li Rong	/t͡ɕiuŋ/
Wang Li	/t͡ɕĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/t͡ɕi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhōng

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*tjuŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	柊
Reading #	1/1
No.	2431
Phonetic component	冬
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	終
Old Chinese	/*tjuŋ/

Definitions

柊

1. holly osmanthus

Compounds

• 柊楑

• 柊樹／柊树 (zhōngshù)

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), C05078
• “柊”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

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Japanese

Kanji

柊

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

1. holly osmanthus (Osmanthus heterophyllus)

Readings

• Go-on: しゅ (shu)^{←しゆ (syu, historical)}
• Kan-on: しゅう (shū)^{←しゆう (syū, historical)}
• Kun: ひいらぎ (hiiragi, 柊)^{←ひひらぎ (fifiragi, historical)}
• Nanori: くき (kuki); とう (tō); ひ (hi); ひい (hii)^{←ひひ (fifi, historical)}; ひで (hide); ひら (hira); ふき (fuki); らぎ (ragi)

Etymology 1

柊 (hīragi): a holly osmanthus

Kanji in this term
柊
ひいらぎ Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi

⟨pi₁pi₁ra ki₂⟩ → */pʲipʲiraɡʷi/ → /fifiraɡi/ → /hiwiraɡi/ → /hiːraɡi/

From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (720 C.E.).

Appears to derive as the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of now-obsolete verb 疼ぐ (hīragu, “to hurt with a stinging pain”), in reference to the sharp thorns on the leaves.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “extend for "spotnape ponyfish" sense”)

Alternative forms

• (holly osmanthus): 疼木
• (spotnape ponyfish): 鮗

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
• (Tokyo) ひ​いらぎ [híꜜìràgì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [çiːɾa̠ɡʲi]

Noun

柊(ひいらぎ) • (hīragi) ^{←ひひらぎ (fifiragi)?}

1. Osmanthus heterophyllus, a species of flowering plants known as the holly olive, holly osmanthus, or false holly

   Hypernym: 木犀 (mokusei)

2. a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with designs of hīragi leaves
3. Nuchequula nuchalis, the spotnape ponyfish

   Hypernym: 鱸 (suzuki)

Usage notes

• As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts, as ヒイラギ.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 柊(ひいらぎ)鰯(いわし) (hiiragi-iwashi, “sardine and holly charm”)
• 柊(ヒイラギ)樫(ガシ) (hiiragigashi)
• 柊(ひいらぎ)崎(さき) (Hiiragisaki)
• 柊(ひいらぎ)挿(さ)す (hiiragi sasu)
• 柊(ひいらぎ)沢(さわ), 柊(ひいらぎ)澤(さわ) (Hiiragisawa)
• 柊(ひいらぎ)澤(ざわ) (Hiiragizawa)
• 柊(ヒイラギ)草(ソウ) (hiiragisō, “Ajuga incisa”)
• 柊(ヒイラギ)冬青(ソヨゴ) (hiiragi soyogo)
• 柊(ヒイラギ)連朶(デンダ) (hiiragi denda)
• 柊(ヒイラギ)菜(ナ) (hiiragina, “mizuna”)
• 柊(ヒイラギ)南天(ナンテン) (hiiragi nanten, “Mahonia japonica”)
• 柊(ひいらぎ)野(の) (Hiiragino)
• 柊(ひいらぎ)原(はら) (Hiiragihara)
• 柊(ヒイラギ)木犀(モクセイ) (hiiragi mokusei)
• 柊(ひいらぎ)本(もと) (Hiiragimoto)
• 柊(ヒイラギ)黐(モチ) (hiiragimochi)
• 柊(ひいらぎ)山(やま) (Hiiragiyama)
• 支那(シナ)柊(ヒイラギ) (Shina hiiragi)
• 西洋(セイヨウ)柊(ヒイラギ) (seiyō hiiragi)
• 斑(フ)入(イリ)柊(ヒイラギ) (fuiri hiiragi)

Proper noun

柊(ひいらぎ) • (Hīragi) ^{←ひひらぎ (fifiragi)?}

1. a female given name
2. a surname

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
柊
ひらぎ Jinmeiyō
Irregular

/hiːraɡi/ → /hiraɡi/

Shift from hīragi above.

Noun

柊(ひらぎ) • (hiragi) 

1. Same as ひいらぎ (hīragi) above

Proper noun

柊(ひらぎ) • (Hiragi) 

1. a surname

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
柊
しゅう Jinmeiyō
kan’on

/t͡ɕɨu/ → /ɕʲuː/ → /ɕuː/

From Middle Chinese 柊 (MC t͡ɕɨuŋ).

Proper noun

柊(しゅう) • (Shū) 

1. a female given name

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Korean

Hanja

柊 • (jong) (hangeul 종, revised jong, McCune–Reischauer chong, Yale cong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

柊: Hán Nôm readings: dông

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.