冬

See also: 鼕

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Historical forms of the character 冬
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Han characterEdit

冬 (radical 15 冫+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 2730₃, composition ⿱夂⺀ (GTJV) or ⿱夂冫 (K))

1. winter, 11th lunar month
2. bang, thud (鼕, 咚)

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 131, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1610
• Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 867, character 19
• Unihan data for U+51AC

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ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		冬

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dōng (dong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dung¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tûng
• Min Nan (POJ): tang / tong

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: dōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: tung¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dong
    • IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dung¹
    • Yale: dūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung¹
    • IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: dung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dung¹
    • IPA: /tuŋ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang / tong
    • Tâi-lô: tang / tong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dafng, dofng
    • IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴/, /tɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴/, /tɔŋ⁴⁴/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 冬
Mandarin	Beijing	/tuŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/tuŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/tuŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/tuŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/təŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/tuŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/tuŋ²¹/
	Xining	/tuə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tuŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/tũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/tuŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/toŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/toŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/toŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/toŋ/
	Nanjing	/toŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/təŋ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/tuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/tũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/toŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/toŋ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/toŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/toŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/tʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/tan¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/toŋ³³/
	Xiangtan	/tən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/tuŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/tuŋ⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/tuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/toŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/tuŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/tuŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tɔŋ⁵⁵/ /taŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tøyŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/tɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/toŋ³³/ /taŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdoŋ²³/ /ʔdaŋ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /tuoŋ/▼

Rime
Character	冬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都宗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/tuoŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/toŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tawŋ/
Li Rong	/toŋ/
Wang Li	/tuoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuoŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dōng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*tˤuŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuːŋ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	冬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dōng
Middle Chinese	‹ towng ›
Old Chinese	/*tˤuŋ/
English	winter
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冬
Reading #	1/1
No.	2419
Phonetic component	冬
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	冬
Old Chinese	/*tuːŋ/

NounEdit

冬

1. winter

CompoundsEdit

Terms derived from 冬

• 丁冬 (dīngdōng)
• 冬候鳥／冬候鸟
• 冬天 (dōngtiān)
• 冬季 (dōngjì)
• 冬寒
• 冬寒菜 (dōngháncài)

• 冬日
• 冬瓜 (dōngguā)
• 冬眠 (dōngmián)
• 冬筍／冬笋 (dōngsǔn)
• 冬至 (dōngzhì)
• 冬菇 (dōnggū)

• 冬菜 (dōngcài)
• 冬蟄／冬蛰
• 冬裝／冬装
• 冬防
• 天門冬／天门冬 (tiānméndōng)
• 麥門冬／麦门冬 (màiméndōng)

See alsoEdit

Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì) (layout · text)
春 (chūn, “spring”)	夏 (xià, “summer”)	秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”)	冬 (“winter”)

ReferencesEdit

• “Entry #1386”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

冬

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: とう (tō)
• Kan’on: とう (tō)
• Kun: ふゆ (fuyu)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

季冬 (きとう) ‎(kitō): end of winter; twelfth month of lunar calendar 初冬 (しょとう) ‎(shotō) 冬季 (とうき) ‎(tōki) 冬期 (とうき) ‎(tōki) 冬至 (とうじ) ‎(tōji) 冬眠 (とうみん) ‎(tōmin)

晩冬 (ばんとう) ‎(bantō) 冬将軍 (ふゆしょうぐん) ‎(fuyushōgun) 冬休 (ふゆやす)み ‎(fuyuyasumi) 冬山 (ふゆやま) ‎(fuyuyama) 冬月 (ふゆつき) ‎(Fuyutsuki) 立冬 (りっとう) ‎(rittō)

PronunciationEdit

Wikipedia ^ja

Kanji in this term
冬
ふゆ Grade: 2
kun'yomi

• Kun'yomi
• (Tokyo) ふゆ​ [fùyúꜜ] (Odaka - [o])
• IPA^(key): [ɸɯᵝjɯᵝ]

NounEdit

冬 ‎(hiragana ふゆ, romaji fuyu)

1. winter (season)

SynonymsEdit

• 冬季 ‎(tōki)
• 冬期 ‎(tōki)
• ウィンター ‎(wintā)

See alsoEdit

Seasons in Japanese · 四 (し)季 (き) ‎(shiki) (layout · text)
春 (はる) ‎(haru, “spring”)	夏 (なつ) ‎(natsu, “summer”)	秋 (あき) ‎(aki, “fall; autumn”)	冬 (ふゆ) ‎(fuyu, “winter”)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

冬 • ‎(dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune-Reischauer tong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

冬 (đông, đong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.