冬
|
||||||||
|
||||||||
See also: 鼕
Contents
TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 |
|||
Han characterEdit
冬 (radical 15 冫+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 27303, composition ⿱夂⺀ (GTJV) or ⿱夂冫 (K))
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 131, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1610
- Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 867, character 19
- Unihan data for U+51AC
ChineseEdit
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 冬
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Large seal script | Small seal script |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (冬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 疼 | *dɯːŋ, *duːŋ |
| 冬 | *tuːŋ |
| 苳 | *tuːŋ |
| 笗 | *tuːŋ |
| 炵 | *tʰuːŋ, *duːŋ |
| 佟 | *duːŋ |
| 鼕 | *duːŋ |
| 鉖 | *duːŋ |
| 終 | *tjuŋ |
| 螽 | *tjuŋ |
| 鼨 | *tjuŋ |
| 柊 | *tjuŋ |
| 鴤 | *tjuŋ |
| 泈 | *tjuŋ |
| 蔠 | *tjuŋ |
Etymology 1Edit
| simp. and trad. |
冬 | |
|---|---|---|
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dung1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tûng
- Min Dong (BUC): dĕ̤ng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): ton (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ
- Wade-Giles: tung1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dong
- IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: dung1
- Yale: dūng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dung1
- Guangdong Romanization: dung1
- IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng
- Hakka Romanization System: dung´
- Hagfa Pinyim: dung1
- IPA: /tuŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dĕ̤ng
- IPA (key): /tøyŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note:
- tang - vernacular;
- tong - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: dang1 / dong1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang / tong
- IPA (key): /taŋ³³/, /toŋ³³/
Note:
- dang1 - vernacular;
- dong1 - literary.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: ton (T1)
- IPA (key): /tʊŋ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 冬 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /tuŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /tuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /tuŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /tuŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /təŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /tuŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /tuŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /tuə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /tuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /tũn³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /tuŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /toŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /toŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /toŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /toŋ/ | |
| Nanjing | /toŋ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /təŋ²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /tuəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /tuŋ¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /tũŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /toŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /toŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /toŋ³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /toŋ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /tʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /tan¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /toŋ³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /tən³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /tuŋ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /tuŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /tuŋ²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /toŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /tuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /tuŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /tɔŋ⁵⁵/ /taŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /tøyŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /tɔŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /toŋ³³/ /taŋ³³/ |
|
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /ʔdoŋ²³/ /ʔdaŋ²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 冬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 冬 (5) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 都宗切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/tuoŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/tuoŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/toŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/tawŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/toŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/tuoŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/tuoŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
dōng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 冬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
dōng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ towng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tˤuŋ/ |
| English | winter |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 冬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2419 |
| Phonetic component |
冬 |
| Rime group |
終 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
冬 |
| Old Chinese |
/*tuːŋ/ |
DefinitionsEdit
冬
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 冬
See alsoEdit
| Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì) (layout · text) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (chūn, “spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (“winter”) |
Etymology 2Edit
| For pronunciation and definitions of 冬 – see 咚. (This character, 冬, is the simplified form of 鼕, which is in turn a variant form of 咚.) |
Notes:
|
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
冬
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
Compounds
PronunciationEdit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冬 |
| ふゆ Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi |
NounEdit
- winter (season)
- 冬の狂風
- Fuyu no Kyōfū
- The Winds of Winter
- 冬の狂風
SynonymsEdit
See alsoEdit
| Seasons in Japanese · 四季 (shiki) (layout · text) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (haru, “spring”) | 夏 (natsu, “summer”) | 秋 (aki, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (fuyu, “winter”) |
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
冬 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune-Reischauer tong)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.