冬

See also: 鼕

冬 U+51AC, 冬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51AC ← 冫 [U+51AB] CJK Unified Ideographs 冭 → [U+51AD]

冬 U+2F81A, 冬 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F81A ← 仌 [U+2F819] CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 况 → [U+2F81B]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

冬 (radical 15 冫+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 2730₃, composition ⿱夂⺀ (GTJV) or ⿱夂冫 (K))

ReferencesEdit

• KangXi: page 131, character 17
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1610
• Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 13
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 867, character 19
• Unihan data for U+51AC

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ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 冬
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Large seal script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (冬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
疼	dɯːŋ, *duːŋ
冬	tuːŋ
苳	tuːŋ
笗	tuːŋ
炵	tʰuːŋ, *duːŋ
佟	duːŋ
鼕	duːŋ
鉖	duːŋ
終	tjuŋ
螽	tjuŋ
鼨	tjuŋ
柊	tjuŋ
鴤	tjuŋ
泈	tjuŋ
蔠	tjuŋ

Etymology 1Edit

simp. and trad.		冬

PronunciationEdit

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dōng (dong¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dung¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tûng
• Min Dong (BUC): dĕ̤ng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): tang / tong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): dang¹ / dong¹

• Wu (Wiktionary): ton (T1)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: dōng
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ
    • Wade-Giles: tung¹
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dong
    • IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: dung¹
    • Yale: dūng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dung¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dung¹
    • IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng
    • Hakka Romanization System: dung´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: dung¹
    • IPA: /tuŋ²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: dĕ̤ng
    • IPA ^(key): /tøyŋ⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang / tong
    • Tâi-lô: tang / tong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dafng, dofng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ⁴⁴/, /tɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³/, /tɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴/, /tɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴/, /tɔŋ⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴/, /tɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• tang - vernacular;
• tong - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: dang¹ / dong¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang / tong
  • IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³/, /toŋ³³/

Note:

• dang1 - vernacular;
• dong1 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: ton (T1)
    • IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵³/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 冬
Mandarin	Beijing	/tuŋ⁵⁵/
	Harbin	/tuŋ⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/tuŋ²¹/
	Jinan	/tuŋ²¹³/
	Qingdao	/təŋ²¹³/
	Zhengzhou	/tuŋ²⁴/
	Xi'an	/tuŋ²¹/
	Xining	/tuə̃⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/tuŋ⁴⁴/
	Lanzhou	/tũn³¹/
	Ürümqi	/tuŋ⁴⁴/
	Wuhan	/toŋ⁵⁵/
	Chengdu	/toŋ⁵⁵/
	Guiyang	/toŋ⁵⁵/
	Kunming	/toŋ/
	Nanjing	/toŋ³¹/
	Hefei	/təŋ²¹/
Jin	Taiyuan	/tuəŋ¹¹/
	Pingyao	/tuŋ¹³/
	Hohhot	/tũŋ³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/toŋ⁵³/
	Suzhou	/toŋ⁵⁵/
	Hangzhou	/toŋ³³/
	Wenzhou	/toŋ³³/
Hui	Shexian	/tʌ̃³¹/
	Tunxi	/tan¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/toŋ³³/
	Xiangtan	/tən³³/
Gan	Nanchang	/tuŋ⁴²/
Hakka	Meixian	/tuŋ⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan	/tuŋ²⁴/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/toŋ⁵³/
	Nanning	/tuŋ⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/tuŋ⁵⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/tɔŋ⁵⁵/ /taŋ⁵⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/tøyŋ⁴⁴/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/tɔŋ⁵⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/toŋ³³/ /taŋ³³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ʔdoŋ²³/ /ʔdaŋ²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /tuoŋ/▼

Rime
Character	冬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)
Final (韻)	冬 (5)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	都宗切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuoŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/tuoŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/toŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/tawŋ/
Li Rong	/toŋ/
Wang Li	/tuoŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/tuoŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dōng

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*tˤuŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*tuːŋ/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	冬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dōng
Middle Chinese	‹ towng ›
Old Chinese	/*tˤuŋ/
English	winter
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	冬
Reading #	1/1
No.	2419
Phonetic component	冬
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	冬
Old Chinese	/*tuːŋ/

DefinitionsEdit

冬

1. winter
2. Alternative form of 咚 (dōng, “bang; thud”).

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 冬

• 丁冬 (dīngdōng)
• 三冬
• 三冬兩夏／三冬两夏
• 九冬
• 人工冬眠
• 仲冬
• 佳冬鄉／佳冬乡
• 冒兒咕冬／冒儿咕冬
• 冬事
• 冬令 (dōnglìng)
• 冬令進補／冬令进补
• 冬候鳥／冬候鸟
• 冬儲／冬储
• 冬凌
• 冬初
• 冬天 (dōngtiān)
• 冬季 (dōngjì)
• 冬季作物
• 冬季運動／冬季运动
• 冬寒
• 冬寒菜
• 冬小麥／冬小麦
• 冬心
• 冬扇夏爐／冬扇夏炉
• 冬日
• 冬日可愛／冬日可爱
• 冬暖夏涼／冬暖夏凉 (dōngnuǎnxiàliáng)
• 冬月 (Dōngyuè)

• 冬溫夏凊／冬温夏凊
• 冬灌
• 冬烘 (dōnghōng)
• 冬烘先生
• 冬狩
• 冬瓜 (dōngguā)
• 冬眠 (dōngmián)
• 冬筍／冬笋 (dōngsǔn)
• 冬節／冬节 (dōngjié)
• 冬粉 (dōngfěn)
• 冬至 (dōngzhì)
• 冬菇 (dōnggū)
• 冬菜 (dōngcài)
• 冬藏
• 冬蟄／冬蛰
• 冬蟲夏草／冬虫夏草 (dōngchóngxiàcǎo)
• 冬衣 (dōngyī)
• 冬裝／冬装
• 冬賑／冬赈
• 冬防
• 冬風／冬风
• 冬麥／冬麦
• 初冬 (chūdōng)
• 嚴冬／严冬 (yándōng)
• 夏鑪冬扇
• 天門冬／天门冬 (tiānméndōng)
• 孟冬
• 季冬 (Jìdōng)

• 寒冬 (hándōng)
• 寒冬臘月／寒冬腊月
• 幫冬／帮冬
• 忍冬
• 拜冬
• 撲冬冬／扑冬冬
• 撲通通冬／扑通通冬
• 暖冬 (nuǎndōng)
• 款冬
• 殘冬／残冬
• 殘冬臘月／残冬腊月
• 無冬無夏／无冬无夏
• 玄冬
• 盛冬
• 矮冬瓜 (ǎidōngguā)
• 秋收冬藏
• 窮冬／穷冬
• 立冬 (Lìdōng)
• 紅冬冬／红冬冬
• 肥冬瘦年
• 臘盡冬殘／腊尽冬残
• 茄冬
• 越冬作物 (yuèdōng zuòwù)
• 過冬／过冬 (guòdōng)
• 開冬／开冬
• 隆冬 (lóngdōng)
• 麥冬／麦冬
• 麥門冬／麦门冬 (màiméndōng)

See alsoEdit

Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text)
春 (chūn, “spring”)	夏 (xià, “summer”)	秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”)	冬 (“winter”)

Etymology 2Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 冬 – see 咚. (This character, 冬, is the simplified form of 鼕, which is in turn a variant form of 咚.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan.

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JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

冬

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

ReadingsEdit

• Goon: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Kan’on: とう (tō, Jōyō)
• Kun: ふゆ (fuyu, 冬, Jōyō)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

• 季 (き)冬 (とう) (kitō): end of winter; twelfth month of lunar calendar
• 初 (しょ)冬 (とう) (shotō)
• 冬 (とう)季 (き) (tōki)
• 冬 (とう)期 (き) (tōki)
• 冬 (とう)至 (じ) (tōji)
• 冬 (とう)眠 (みん) (tōmin)

• 晩 (ばん)冬 (とう) (bantō)
• 冬将軍 (ふゆしょうぐん) (fuyushōgun)
• 冬休 (ふゆやす)み (fuyuyasumi)
• 冬山 (ふゆやま) (fuyuyama)
• 冬月 (ふゆつき) (Fuyutsuki)
• 立 (りっ)冬 (とう) (rittō)

PronunciationEdit

Kanji in this term
冬
ふゆ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) ふゆ​ [fùyúꜜ] (Odaka – [o])
  • IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝjɯ̟ᵝ]

NounEdit

冬 (hiragana ふゆ, rōmaji fuyu)

1. winter (season)

   冬 (ふゆ)の狂 (きょう)風 (ふう)

   Fuyu no Kyōfū

   The Winds of Winter

SynonymsEdit

• 冬季 (tōki)
• 冬期 (tōki)
• ウィンター (wintā)

See alsoEdit

Seasons in Japanese · 四 (し)季 (き) (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text)
春 (はる) (haru, “spring”)	夏 (なつ) (natsu, “summer”)	秋 (あき) (aki, “fall; autumn”)	冬 (ふゆ) (fuyu, “winter”)

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KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

冬 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune-Reischauer tong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

冬 (đông, đong)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.