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冬

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

冬 (radical 15, 冫+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 27303, composition ⿱夂⺀ (GTJV) or ⿱夂冫 (K))

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 131, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1610
  • Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 867, character 19
  • Unihan data for U+51AC

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 冬
Shang Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
             
Characters in the same phonetic series (冬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
疼 *dɯːŋ, *duːŋ
冬 *tuːŋ
苳 *tuːŋ
笗 *tuːŋ
炵 *tʰuːŋ, *duːŋ
佟 *duːŋ
鼕 *duːŋ
鉖 *duːŋ
終 *tjuŋ
螽 *tjuŋ
鼨 *tjuŋ
柊 *tjuŋ
鴤 *tjuŋ
泈 *tjuŋ
蔠 *tjuŋ

Etymology 1Edit

simp. and trad.
 冬

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • tang - vernacular;
  • tong - literary.
Note:
  • dang1 - vernacular;
  • dong1 - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 冬
    Mandarin Beijing /tuŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /tuŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /tuŋ²¹/
    Jinan /tuŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /təŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /tuŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /tuŋ²¹/
    Xining /tuə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /tuŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /tũn³¹/
    Ürümqi /tuŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /toŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /toŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /toŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /toŋ/
    Nanjing /toŋ³¹/
    Hefei /təŋ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /tuəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /tuŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /tũŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /toŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /toŋ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /toŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /toŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /tʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /tan¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /toŋ³³/
    Xiangtan /tən³³/
    Gan Nanchang /tuŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /tuŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /tuŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /toŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /tuŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /tuŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /tɔŋ⁵⁵/
    /taŋ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /tøyŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /tɔŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /toŋ³³/
    /taŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔdoŋ²³/
    /ʔdaŋ²³/
    Rime
    Character 冬
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 端 (5)
    Final (韻) 冬 (5)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 都宗切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/tuoŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/tuoŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/toŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/tawŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/toŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/tuoŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/tuoŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		dōng
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 冬
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		dōng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ towng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tˤuŋ/
    English winter

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 冬
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 2419
    Phonetic
    component         		冬
    Rime
    group         		終
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		冬
    Old
    Chinese         		/*tuːŋ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    冬

    1. winter
    2. (Min Nan) year
    3. Alternative form of 咚 (dōng, “bang; thud”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 冬

    See alsoEdit

    Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text)
    春 (chūn, “spring”) 夏 (xià, “summer”) 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) 冬 (“winter”)

    Etymology 2Edit

    For pronunciation and definitions of 冬 – see 咚 (“ratatat; etc.”).
    (This character, 冬, is the simplified form of 鼕, which is in turn a variant form of 咚.)
    Notes:

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    冬

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    PronunciationEdit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    Kanji in this term
    冬
    ふゆ
    Grade: 2
    kun’yomi

    NounEdit

    冬 (hiragana ふゆ, rōmaji fuyu)

    1. winter (season)
      冬 (ふゆ)の狂 (きょう)風 (ふう)
      Fuyu no Kyōfū
      The Winds of Winter

    SynonymsEdit

    See alsoEdit

    Seasons in Japanese · 四 (し)季 (き) (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text)
    春 (はる) (haru, “spring”) 夏 (なつ) (natsu, “summer”) 秋 (あき) (aki, “fall; autumn”) 冬 (ふゆ) (fuyu, “winter”)

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    冬 • (dong) (hangeul 동, revised dong, McCune–Reischauer tong)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    冬 (đông, đong)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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