戎

Historical forms of the character 戎
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (戎) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
娀	*snuŋ
戎	*njuŋ
茙	*njuŋ
駥	*njuŋ
狨	*njuŋ
絨	*njuŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 盾 (“shield”) + 戈 (“halberd; weapons”) – weaponry, arms.

Etymology Edit

“you”: From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *na-ŋ (“you”).
“ancient tribe”: Unknown. Goldin (2011) proposes that 戎 (róng) was a pejorative "pseudo-ethnonym" meaning "bellicose".

Pronunciation Edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): róng (rong²)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄨㄥˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jung⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yùng
Min Dong (BUC): ṳ̀ng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): liông / jiông

(Teochew, Peng'im): rong⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: róng
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄥˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: róng
  - Wade–Giles: jung²
  - Yale: rúng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: rong
  - Palladius: жун (žun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐʊŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jung⁴
  - Yale: yùhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jung⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yung⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: iungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung²
  - Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yùng
  - Hakka Romanization System: (r)iungˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: yung²
  - Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ¹¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: ṳ̀ng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /yŋ⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
  - Tâi-lô: liông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /liɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiông
  - Tâi-lô: jiông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jioong
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑiɔŋ¹³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑiɔŋ²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: rong⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jông
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zoŋ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: nyuwng

Rime
Character	戎
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	如融切
Baxter	nyuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵuwŋ/
Li Rong	/ȵiuŋ/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	róng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nuŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*njuŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	戎	戎
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	róng	róng
Middle Chinese	‹ nyuwng ›	‹ nyuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*nuŋ/	/*nuŋ/
English	foreigners in the west	weapon
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	戎
Reading #	1/1
No.	10849
Phonetic component	戎
Rime group	終
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	戎
Old Chinese	/*njuŋ/

Definitions Edit

戎

(literary) arms; armaments
- 是月也，天子乃教於田獵，以習五戎，班馬政。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  是月也，天子乃教于田猎，以习五戎，班马政。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE
  Shì yuè yě, tiānzǐ nǎi jiào yú tiánliè, yǐ xí wǔróng, bān mǎ zhèng. [Pinyin]
  In this month the son of Heaven, by means of hunting, teaches how to use the five weapons of war, and the rules for the management of horses.
(literary) army; military affairs
投筆從戎／投笔从戎 ― tóubǐcóngróng ― to cast aside the pen and join the army
- 國之大事，在祀與戎。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  国之大事，在祀与戎。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Guó zhī dàshì, zài sì yǔ róng. [Pinyin]
  The great affairs of the state are sacrifice and warfare.
(obsolete) you
- 戎雖小子，而式弘大。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  戎虽小子，而式弘大。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Róng suī xiǎozǐ, ér shì hóngdà. [Pinyin]
  Though you may be [but as] little children, your work is vast and great.
Used in 戎戎 (róngróng).
Used in 蒙戎.
(historical) a general term for ethnic groups in the west of China
See also: 西戎
- 是以秦用戎人由余而霸中國，齊用越人蒙而彊威、宣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  是以秦用戎人由余而霸中国，齐用越人蒙而强威、宣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Shìyǐ Qín yòng Róngrén Yóuyú ér bà Zhōngguó, Qí yòng Yuèrén Méng ér qiáng Wēi, Xuān. [Pinyin]
  So Qin used the Rong man Youyu and established hegemony over the central states, Qi used the Yue man Meng and strengthened (kings) Wei and Xuan.
a surname