百合

Chinese

		hundred	to close; to gather; to join to close; to gather; to join; to fit; all; together
simp. and trad. (百合)		百	合

Etymology

Named “hundred-union”, for the numerous segmented and overlapping scales on the bulb of the lily. The lily is traditionally a propitious sign of a blissful, long-lasting marriage; see the idiom 百年好合 (bǎiniánhǎohé).

The sense “yuri; lesbian” is a semantic loan and an orthographic borrowing from Japanese 百合 (yuri).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): bǎihé

  (Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ ㄏㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): baak³ hap⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pak-ha̍p
• Northern Min (KCR): pă-hō̤
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): pek-ha̍p / peh-ha̍p / iú-lih

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bêh⁴ hah⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷paq-gheq

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: bǎihé
    • Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ ㄏㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: bǎihé
    • Wade–Giles: pai³-ho²
    • Yale: bǎi-hé
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baeher
    • Palladius: байхэ (bajxɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ xɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: baak³ hap⁶
    • Yale: baak hahp
    • Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁸ hap⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: bag³ heb⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /paːk̚³ hɐp̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pak-ha̍p
    • Hakka Romanization System: bag^ˋ hab
    • Hagfa Pinyim: bag⁵ hab⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /pak̚² hap̚⁵/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pă-hō̤
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰa²⁴ xɔ⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek-ha̍p
    • Tâi-lô: pik-ha̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pekhap
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peh-ha̍p
    • Tâi-lô: peh-ha̍p
    • Phofsit Daibuun: pehhap
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁴¹ hap̚⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /pe(ʔ)³²⁻⁵³ hap̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iú-lih
    • Tâi-lô: iú-lih
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iwliq
    • IPA (Taipei): /iu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liʔ³²/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liʔ³²/

Note: iú-lih - borrowed from Japanese 百合(ゆり) (yuri).

• • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bêh⁴ hah⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: peh ha̍h
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /peʔ²⁻⁴ haʔ⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷paq-gheq
    • MiniDict: pah^入 gheh
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴paq-hheq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /paʔ³³ ɦəʔ⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: paek hop

Rime
Character	百	合
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)	合 (160)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	博陌切	侯閤切
Baxter	paek	hop
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠæk̚/	/ɦʌp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚak̚/	/ɦəp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pak̚/	/ɣɒp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨjk̚/	/ɦəp̚/
Li Rong	/pɐk̚/	/ɣᴀp̚/
Wang Li	/pɐk̚/	/ɣɒp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɐk̚/	/ɣăp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bak1	hap6

Noun

百合

1. lily (flower or bulb)
2. (ACG slang) yuri; lesbianism

Synonyms

• (lily flower):

Dialectal synonyms of 百合花 (“lily flower”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		百合花, 百合
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	百合花, 百合
Cantonese	Hong Kong	百合花, 百合
Gan	Pingxiang	百合
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	叭哈花
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	喇叭花
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	打碗花
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	喇叭花
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	打碗花, 喇叭花
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	喇叭花
Huizhou	Jixi	糖球花
Northern Min	Jian'ou	百合花, 百合
Southern Min	Tainan	鈴鐺仔花 GT
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	百合花
Wu	Shanghai	百合花, 百合
	Suzhou	百合
Note	GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified)

• (lily bulb): (Hokkien) 國白／国白

Derived terms

• 偽百合／伪百合
• 大葉野百合／大叶野百合
• 恆春野百合／恒春野百合
• 法國百合／法国百合 (Fǎguó bǎihé)
• 洋百合 (yángbǎihé)
• 海百合
• 百合侶／百合侣
• 百合情侶／百合情侣
• 百合病
• 百合粉
• 百合花 (bǎihéhuā)
• 真百合
• 聖誕百合／圣诞百合
• 脊百合
• 車百合／车百合
• 輕百合／轻百合
• 野百合

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (百合):

• → Korean: 백합(百合) (baekhap)
• → Vietnamese: bách hợp (百合)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
百	合
ゆり
Grade: 1	Grade: 2
jukujikun

百合 (yuri): A lily plant.

Probably the nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of classical verb 揺る (yuru, “to sway, to swing, to wave back and forth”), from the way that lilies tend to grow tall and sway in the breeze.

The spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 百合 (bǎihé), indicating the way that lily bulbs cluster together—合わす (awasu, “to gather, combine”)—in large numbers, as in 百 (hyaku, literally “hundred”).

For information on the slang for homosexuality, see Yuri (genre).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ゆり [yùrí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [jɯ̟ɾʲi]

Noun

百合(ゆり) or 百合(ユリ) • (yuri) 

1. lily
2. a style of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color scheme of layering garments”), featuring a red outer layer and a reddish-gold inner layer, and worn in summer (from the way the color scheme resembles the coloration of the petals of certain varieties of lily)
3. (slang) yuri, manga or other media depicting attraction, romance or sexual relationship between women, usually lesbians
   • 2015 February 25, “Dansei ga ‘yuri’ (gāruzurabu) ni moeru riyū [The reason men enjoy ‘yuri’ (girls love)]”, in Mainabi News‎^[1]:

     だったらむしろ、レズビアンや百合(ゆり)のほうが楽(たの)しめるというわけなんです。男(だん)性(せい)が百合(ゆり)に萌(も)えるのは、性(せい)に対(たい)するファンタジーなのかもしれません。

     Dattara mushiro, rezubian ya yuri no hō ga tanoshimeru to iu wake nan desu. Dansei ga yuri ni moeru no wa, sei ni taisuru fantajī na no kamoshiremasen.

     If that's the case, it seems to be the reason that they enjoy lesbians or yuri. That a man fancies yuri, it is likely a sexual fantasy.

Derived terms

• 百合鴎(ユリカモメ) (yurikamome)
• 編笠百合(アミガサユリ) (amigasayuri)
• 乙女百合(オトメユリ) (otomeyuri)
• 鬼百合(オニユリ) (oniyuri)
• 鹿(カ)の子百合(コユリ) (kanokoyuri)
• 小百合(さゆり) (sayuri)
• 笹(ササ)百合(ユリ) (sasayuri, “Japanese or bamboo lily (Lilium japonicum)”)
• 稚児百合(チゴユリ) (chigoyuri)
• 鉄砲百合(テッポウユリ) (teppōyuri)
• 鳴子百合(ナルコユリ) (narukoyuri)

Descendants

• → English: yuri
• → Chinese: 百合 (bǎihé, “yuri”)
• → Korean: 백합(百合) (baekhap, “yuri”), 유리 (yuri, “yuri”)
• → Russian: ю́ри (júri)
• → Ukrainian: ю́рі (júri)

Proper noun

百合(ゆり) • (Yuri) 

1. a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
百	合
ひゃく > びゃく Grade: 1	ごう Grade: 2
goon

Noun

百(びゃく)合(ごう) • (byakugō) 

1. (traditional Chinese medicine) dried lily bulbs used in medicine

References

• Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
百	合

Noun

百合 • (baekhap) (hangeul 백합)

1. hanja form^? of 백합 (“lily”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
百	合

Noun

百合

1. chữ Hán form of bách hợp (“Lilium pumilum”).