Wiktionary

百

See also: 佰, 白, and 𦣻
百 U+767E, 百
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767E
← 白
[U+767D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 癿 →
[U+767F]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

百 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+1, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一日 (MA), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱一白 or ⿱丆日)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 785, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22679
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1199, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2643, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+767E

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 百
alternative forms 佰 financial
𦣻 archaic

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 百
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怕 *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕 *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕 *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉 *pʰaːɡ
泊 *baːɡ
箔 *baːɡ
魄 *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕 *prɯɡ
伯 *praːɡ
百 *praːɡ
迫 *praːɡ
敀 *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏 *praːɡ
湐 *praːɡ
拍 *pʰraːɡ
珀 *pʰraːɡ
皛 *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦 *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白 *braːɡ
帛 *braːɡ
舶 *braːɡ
鮊 *braːɡ
陌 *mbraːɡ
帞 *mbraːɡ
袹 *mbraːɡ
蛨 *mbraːɡ
貊 *mbraːɡ
佰 *mbraːɡ
銆 *mbraːɡ
碧 *praɡ, *preɡ
咟 *ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *praːɡ): semantic 一 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja.

PronunciationEdit

Note: bó - used in 百色.
Note:
  • bak1 - used as a standalone number;
  • bak2 - used in some compounds (e.g. 百貨).
  • Gan
    • Note:
    • bah6 - vernacular;
    • bet6 - literary (e.g. 百貨).
  • Hakka
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • báh - vernacular (“hundred”);
    • báik - literary (“numerous”).
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • pah/peeh - vernacular;
    • peh/peeh - vernacular (limited, e.g. 百姓);
    • pek/piak - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 百
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 庚 (113)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 博陌切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pˠæk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pᵚak̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pak̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/paɨjk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/pɐk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pɐk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pɐk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 百
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bǎi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pæk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pˁrak/
    English hundred

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 百
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 194
    Phonetic
    component         		白
    Rime
    group         		鐸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		伯
    Old
    Chinese         		/*praːɡ/

    DefinitionsEdit

    百

    1. hundred
      四百  ―  sì bǎi  ―  four hundred
      長命百歲／长命百岁  ―  chángmìngbǎisuì  ―  to live to be a hundred
    2. numerous; countless
      千方百計／千方百计  ―  qiānfāngbǎijì  ―  by every conceivable means
    3. every; all
    4. a surname. Bai (mainland China, Taiwan), Baak, Bak (Hong Kong)

    See alsoEdit

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇, 零 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万
    十千 (Malaysia, Singapore)     		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 百

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (百):
    • → Japanese: 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    • → Korean: 백(百) (baek)
    • → Vietnamese: bách (百)

    Others:

    Further readingEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    百

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    百
    ひゃく
    Grade: 1
    goon

    Borrowed from Middle Chinese 百 (MC pˠæk̚, literally “hundred”).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    百(ひゃく) • (hyaku) 

    1. hundred
    2. a very many, lots, a lot
    3. one hundred years old, advanced age
    Usage notesEdit

    This is the most common term for hundred in modern Japanese.

    IdiomsEdit
    Idioms
    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms
    Japanese numerical compounds with 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Hundreds of
    百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
    一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku)     		二(に)百(ひゃく) (nihyaku) 三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 四(よん)百(ひゃく) (yonhyaku) 五(ご)百(ひゃく) (gohyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 七(なな)百(ひゃく) (nanahyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 九(きゅう)百(ひゃく) (kyūhyaku)
    九(く)百(ひゃく) (kuhyaku)     		何(なん)百(びゃく) (nanbyaku)
    数(すう)百(ひゃく) (sūhyaku)

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    百
    もも
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /mo1mo1/ → /momo/

    From Old Japanese.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    百(もも) • (momo) 

    1. (archaic) hundred
    2. (archaic) a very many
    Usage notesEdit

    While the ho or o readings are only used in compounds, momo can be used on its own.[2]

    Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases or compounds.

    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    百
    ほ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

    From Old Japanese.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    百(ほ) • (ho) 

    1. (obsolete) hundred
    2. (obsolete) a very many
    Usage notesEdit

    While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, ho is only used in compounds, where it has lost the initial consonant and appears instead as o.

    Obsolete. Superseded by o (see below).

    Etymology 4Edit

    Kanji in this term
    百
    お
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    /po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/ → /o/

    From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).[2]

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    百(お) • (o) ←ほ (fo)?

    1. (archaic) hundred
    2. (archaic) a very many
    Usage notesEdit

    While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, o is only used in compounds. This o was previously pronounced ho, from ancient po (see above). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).[2]

    Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases and compounds.

    Derived termsEdit
    Derived terms

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    KoreanEdit

    Korean numbers (edit)
     ←  10  ←  90 100 1,000  →  100,000  → 
    10
        Sino-Korean: 백 (baek)
        Hanja: 百

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 百 (MC pˠæk̚).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] 온〮 (Yale: wón) ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    百 (eumhun 일백(一百) 백 (ilbaek baek))

    1. Hanja form? of 백 (“hundred”).

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    百: Hán Việt readings: bách (博(bác)陌(mạch)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], bá[2][3][4]
    百: Nôm readings: bách[2][3][4][5][6], bá[2][7][4][5][6], trăm[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of bách (“hundred”).

    CompoundsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    7. ^ Hồ (1976).
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