百

See also: 佰, 白, and 𦣻

百	U+767E, 百 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767E

← 白
[U+767D]

CJK Unified Ideographs

癿 →
[U+767F]

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百

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

百 (radical 106, 白+1, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一日 (MA), four-corner 1060₀, composition ⿱一白 or ⿱丆日)

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 785, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22679
Dae Jaweon: page 1199, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2643, character 1
Unihan data for U+767E

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		百
variant forms		佰 financial 𦣻 archaic

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 百
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
怕	pʰraːɡs, pʰraːɡ
帕	pʰraːɡs, mbraːd
粕	pʰaːɡ, pʰraːɡ
胉	*pʰaːɡ
泊	*baːɡ
箔	*baːɡ
魄	tʰaːɡ, pʰraːɡ
皕	*prɯɡ
伯	*praːɡ
百	*praːɡ
迫	*praːɡ
敀	praːɡ, pʰraːɡ
柏	*praːɡ
湐	*praːɡ
拍	*pʰraːɡ
珀	*pʰraːɡ
皛	pʰraːɡ, ɡeːwʔ
洦	mpʰraːɡ, mbraːɡ
白	*braːɡ
帛	*braːɡ
舶	*braːɡ
鮊	*braːɡ
陌	*mbraːɡ
帞	*mbraːɡ
袹	*mbraːɡ
蛨	*mbraːɡ
貊	*mbraːɡ
佰	*mbraːɡ
銆	*mbraːɡ
碧	praɡ, preɡ
咟	*ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *praːɡ): semantic 一 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): bǎi, bó (bai³, bo²)

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄞˇ, ㄅㄛˊ

(Chengdu, SP): be²

(Dungan, Cyrillic): бый (bɨj, I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): baak³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): pak

(Meixian, Guangdong): bag⁵
Min Dong (BUC): báh / báik
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): pah / peh / peeh / pek / piak

(Teochew, Peng'im): bêh⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): paq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: bǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄞˇ
  - Wade–Giles: pai³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bae
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /paɪ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: bó
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄛˊ
  - Wade–Giles: po²
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bor
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bó
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pwɔ³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: be²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: be
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɛ²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic: бый (bɨj, I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɨi²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: baak³
  - Yale: baak
  - Cantonese Pinyin: baak⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: bag³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /päːk̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pak
  - Hakka Romanization System: bag`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pak̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: bag⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pak̚¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: báh / báik
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʔ²⁴/, /paiʔ²⁴/

Note:

báh - vernacular ("hundred");
báik - literary ("numerous").

Min Nan

(Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pah
- Tâi-lô: pah
- Phofsit Daibuun: paq
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /paʔ³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /paʔ⁵/
(Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peh
- Tâi-lô: peh
- Phofsit Daibuun: peq
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /peʔ³²/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /peʔ⁵/
(Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: peeh
- Tâi-lô: peeh
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛʔ³²/
(Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pek
- Tâi-lô: pik
- Phofsit Daibuun: peg
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /piɪk̚³²/
(Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: piak
- Tâi-lô: piak
- Phofsit Daibuun: piag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /piak̚⁵/

Note: pah/peeh, peh/peeh - vernacular, pek/piak - literary.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bêh⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: peh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /peʔ²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: paq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pa̱ʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /pˠæk̚/▼

Rime
Character	百
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	陌 (113)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	博陌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pˠæk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pᵚak̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pak̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paɨjk̚/
Li Rong	/pɐk̚/
Wang Li	/pɐk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pɐk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bo

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤrak/

(Zhengzhang): /*praːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	百
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bǎi
Middle Chinese	‹ pæk ›
Old Chinese	/*pˁrak/
English	hundred
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	百
Reading #	1/1
No.	194
Phonetic component	白
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	伯
Old Chinese	/*praːɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

百

hundred
numerous; countless
every; all
entirely; completely; at all
A surname. Bai (mainland China, Taiwan), Baak, Bak (Hong Kong)

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 百

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (百):

→ Japanese: 百 (ひゃく) (hyaku)
→ Korean: 백 (百, baek)
→ Vietnamese: bách (百)

Others:

→ Ai-Cham: pek⁷
→ Lao: ປາກ (pāk)
→ Lü: ᦔᦱᧅ (ṗaak)
→ Shan: ပၢၵ်ႇ (pàak)
→ Zhuang: bak

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: ひゃく (hyaku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: はく (haku)
Kun: もも (momo, 百); ほ (ho, 百); お (o)
Nanori: ど (do); どう (dō); なり (nari); ひゅく (hyuku); も (mo); もんど (mondo); ゆ (yu)

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
百
ひゃく Grade: 1
on’yomi

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 百 (pˠæk, “hundred”).

PronunciationEdit

On’yomi: Goon
- (Tokyo) ひゃく [hyàkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [ça̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

NounEdit

百 (hiragana ひゃく, rōmaji hyaku)

hundred
a very many, lots, a lot
one hundred years old, advanced age

Usage notesEdit

This is the most common term for hundred in modern Japanese.

IdiomsEdit

Idioms

百 (ひゃく)に一 (ひと)つ (hyaku ni hitotsu): “one in a hundred” → something rare or unusual
百 (ひゃく)も承 (しょう)知 (ち) (hyaku mo shōchi): “awareness of the hundred” → the state of being fully aware of something

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

百 (ひゃっ)科 (か)全書 (ぜんしょ) (hyakka zensho): an encyclopedia
百 (ひゃく)千 (せん) (hyakusen): a large number, all sorts, hundreds and thousands

Japanese numerical compounds with 百 (ひゃく) (hyaku)
100	200	300	400	500	600	700	800	900	Hundreds of
百 (ひゃく) (hyaku) 一 (いっ)百 (ぴゃく) (ippyaku)	二 (に)百 (ひゃく) (nihyaku)	三 (さん)百 (びゃく) (sanbyaku)	四 (よん)百 (ひゃく) (yonhyaku)	五 (ご)百 (ひゃく) (gohyaku)	六 (ろっ)百 (ぴゃく) (roppyaku)	七 (なな)百 (ひゃく) (nanahyaku)	八 (はっ)百 (ぴゃく) (happyaku)	九 (きゅう)百 (ひゃく) (kyūhyaku) 九百 (くひゃく) (kuhyaku)	何 (なん)百 (びゃく) (nanbyaku)

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
百
もも Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/mo₁mo₁/ → /momo/

From Old Japanese.

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) もも [móꜜmò] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
- IPA^(key): [mo̞mo̞]

NounEdit

百 (hiragana もも, rōmaji momo)

(archaic) hundred
(archaic) a very many

Usage notesEdit

While ho or o is only used in compounds, momo can be used on its own.^[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases or compounds.

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

百 (もも)日 (か) (momoka): hundredth day
百 (もも)声 (こえ)鳥 (どり) (momokoedori): Cuculus poliocephalus, lesser cuckoo
百 (も)舌 (ず) (mozu): shrike
百 (もも)千 (ち) (momochi): a large number, all sorts, hundreds and thousands
百 (もも)千 (ち)鳥 (どり) (momochidori): all sorts of birds, hundreds and thousands of birds; a plover; a Japanese bush warbler
百 (もも)年 (とせ) (momotose): hundred years, century, a long time
百 (もも)夜 (よ) (momoyo): a hundred nights

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
百
ほ Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

From Old Japanese.

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [ho̞]

NounEdit

百 (hiragana ほ, rōmaji ho)

(obsolete) hundred
(obsolete) a very many

Usage notesEdit

While momo can be used on its own, ho is only used in compounds, where it has lost the initial consonant and appears instead as o (see below). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).^[2]

Obsolete. Superseded by o (see below).

Etymology 4Edit

Kanji in this term
百
お Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).^[2]

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi
- IPA^(key): [o̞]

NounEdit

百 (hiragana お, rōmaji o, historical hiragana ほ)

(archaic) hundred
(archaic) a very many

Usage notesEdit

While momo can be used on its own, o is only used in compounds. This o was originally pronounced ho (see above). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).^[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases and compounds.

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

二 (ふた)百 (お) (futao): two hundred
三 (み)百 (お) (mio): three hundred
四 (よ)百 (お) (yoo): four hundred
五 (い)百 (お) (io): five hundred; a very many
六 (む)百 (お) (muo): six hundred

七 (なな)百 (お) (nanao): seven hundred
八 (や)百 (お) (yao): eight hundred; a very many
九 (ここの)百 (お) (kokonoo): nine hundred
八 (や)百 (お)万 (よろず) (yaoyorozu): eight million; a great multitude, a countless large number or amount

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

百 • (baek, maek)

Eumhun:
- Sound (hangeul): 백, 맥
- Name (hangeul): 일백

hundred.

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

百: Hán Việt readings: bách (博(bác)陌(mạch)切(thiết))^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4], bá^[2]^[3]^[4]
百: Nôm readings: bách^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6], bá^[2]^[7]^[4]^[5]^[6], trăm^[1]

Hán tự form of bách (“hundred”).

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
^ Hồ (1976).

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[tdcndg-3] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-4] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-5] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Trần (2004).

[bonet-6] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-7] 5.0 ^5.1 Génibrel (1898).

[taberd-8] 6.0 ^6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[btcn-9] Hồ (1976).

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

Chinese numbers
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	10²	10³	10⁴	10⁸	10¹²
Normal (小寫／小写)	〇	一	二	三	四	五	六	七	八	九	十	百	千	萬／万	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial (大寫／大写)	零	壹	貳／贰	參／叁	肆	伍	陸／陆	柒	捌	玖	拾	佰	仟	萬／万	億／亿	兆 (Taiwan) 萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)

百

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

ReferencesEdit

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

EtymologyEdit

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

See alsoEdit

CompoundsEdit

DescendantsEdit

Further readingEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Usage notesEdit

IdiomsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Usage notesEdit

Derived termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Usage notesEdit

Etymology 4Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Usage notesEdit

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

CompoundsEdit

ReferencesEdit