Wiktionary

百

See also: 佰, 白, and 𦣻
百 U+767E, 百
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-767E
← 白
[U+767D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 癿 →
[U+767F]
Commons:Category
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Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character edit

百 (Kangxi radical 106, 白+1, 6 strokes, cangjie input 一日 (MA), four-corner 10600, composition ⿱一白 or ⿱丆日)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 785, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 22679
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1199, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2643, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+767E

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 百
alternative forms 佰 financial
𦣻 archaic

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 百
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
       
Characters in the same phonetic series (白) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
怕 *pʰraːɡs, *pʰraːɡ
帕 *pʰraːɡs, *mbraːd
粕 *pʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
胉 *pʰaːɡ
泊 *baːɡ
箔 *baːɡ
魄 *tʰaːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
皕 *prɯɡ
伯 *praːɡ
百 *praːɡ
迫 *praːɡ
敀 *praːɡ, *pʰraːɡ
柏 *praːɡ
湐 *praːɡ
拍 *pʰraːɡ
珀 *pʰraːɡ
皛 *pʰraːɡ, *ɡeːwʔ
洦 *mpʰraːɡ, *mbraːɡ
白 *braːɡ
帛 *braːɡ
舶 *braːɡ
鮊 *braːɡ
陌 *mbraːɡ
帞 *mbraːɡ
袹 *mbraːɡ
蛨 *mbraːɡ
貊 *mbraːɡ
佰 *mbraːɡ
銆 *mbraːɡ
碧 *praɡ, *preɡ
咟 *ɦmreːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *praːɡ) : semantic 一 + phonetic 白 (OC *braːɡ).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *b-r-gja.

Pronunciation edit

Note: bó - used in 百色.
Note:
  • bak1 - used as a standalone number;
  • bak2 - used in some compounds (e.g. 百貨).
Note:
  • bah6 - vernacular;
  • bet6 - literary (e.g. 百貨).
Note:
  • báh - vernacular (“hundred”);
  • báik - literary (“numerous”).
Note:
  • pah/peeh - vernacular;
  • peh/peeh - vernacular (limited, e.g. 百姓);
  • pek/piak - literary.
Note: 7peq - Suzhounese literary reading, only bookish/stylized usage.
Rime
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 庚 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 博陌切
Baxter paek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/paɨjk̚/
Li
Rong 		/pɐk̚/
Wang
Li 		/pɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǎi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pæk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pˁrak/
English hundred

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 百
Reading # 1/1
No. 194
Phonetic
component 		白
Rime
group 		鐸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		伯
Old
Chinese 		/*praːɡ/

Definitions edit

百

  1. hundred
    四百  ―  sì bǎi  ―  four hundred
    百四 [Cantonese]  ―  baak3 sei3 [Jyutping]  ―  one hundred and forty
    長命百歲／长命百岁  ―  chángmìngbǎisuì  ―  to live to be a hundred
  2. numerous; countless
    千方百計／千方百计  ―  qiānfāngbǎijì  ―  by every conceivable means
  3. every; all
  4. a surname: Bai; Baak; Bak

Synonyms edit

  • (numerous):

See also edit

Chinese numbers
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 106 108 1012
Normal
(小寫／小写) 		〇, 零, 空 一, 蜀 二, 兩／两 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万,
十千 (Malaysia, Singapore) 		百萬／百万,
桶(Philippines),
面桶 (Philippines) 		億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
Financial
(大寫／大写) 		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

Compounds edit

Descendants edit

Sino-Xenic (百):
  • → Japanese: 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
  • → Korean: 백(百) (baek)
  • → Vietnamese: bách (百)

Others:

Further reading edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

百

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings edit

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
百
ひゃく
Grade: 1
goon

Borrowed from Middle Chinese 百 (MC paek, literally “hundred”).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

百(ひゃく) • (hyaku) 

  1. hundred
  2. a very many, lots, a lot
  3. one hundred years old, advanced age
Usage notes edit

This is the most common term for hundred in modern Japanese.

Idioms edit
Idioms
Derived terms edit
Derived terms
Japanese numerical compounds with 百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Hundreds of
百(ひゃく) (hyaku)
一(いっ)百(ぴゃく) (ippyaku) 		二(に)百(ひゃく) (nihyaku) 三(さん)百(びゃく) (sanbyaku) 四(よん)百(ひゃく) (yonhyaku) 五(ご)百(ひゃく) (gohyaku) 六(ろっ)百(ぴゃく) (roppyaku) 七(なな)百(ひゃく) (nanahyaku) 八(はっ)百(ぴゃく) (happyaku) 九(きゅう)百(ひゃく) (kyūhyaku)
九(く)百(ひゃく) (kuhyaku) 		何(なん)百(びゃく) (nanbyaku)
数(すう)百(ひゃく) (sūhyaku)

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
百
もも
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/mo1mo1/ → /momo/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

百(もも) • (momo) 

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes edit

While the ho or o readings are only used in compounds, momo can be used on its own.[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases or compounds.

Derived terms edit
Derived terms

Etymology 3 edit

Kanji in this term
百
ほ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

百(ほ) • (ho) 

  1. (obsolete) hundred
  2. (obsolete) a very many
Usage notes edit

While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, ho is only used in compounds, where it has lost the initial consonant and appears instead as o.

Obsolete. Superseded by o (see below).

Etymology 4 edit

Kanji in this term
百
お
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

/po/ → /ɸo/ → /ho/ → /o/

From Old Japanese. Change in pronunciation from ho (see above).[2]

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

百(お) • (o) ←ほ (fo)?

  1. (archaic) hundred
  2. (archaic) a very many
Usage notes edit

While the momo reading can be used as a standalone term, o is only used in compounds. This o was previously pronounced ho, from ancient po (see above). Generally only used in reference to multiple hundreds of things, as in terms 五百 (io, “five hundred; a very many”) or 八百 (yao, “eight hundred; a very many”).[2]

Archaic. Generally only found in set phrases and compounds.

Derived terms edit
Derived terms
Japanese numerals from Old Japanese using 百(お) (o) / 百(もも) (momo)
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
百(もも) (momo) 二(ふた)百(お) (futao) 三(み)百(お) (mio) 四(よ)百(お) (yō) 五(い)百(お) (io) 六(む)百(お) (muo) 七(なな)百(お) (nanao) 八(や)百(お) (yao) 九(ここの)百(お) (kokonō)

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean edit

Korean numbers (edit)
 ←  10  ←  90 100 1,000  →  100,000  → 
10
    Sino-Korean: 백 (baek)
    Hanja: 百

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 百 (MC paek).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 온〮 (Yale: wón) ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (Yale: póyk)

Pronunciation edit

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

百 (eumhun 일백(一百) 백 (ilbaek baek))

  1. Hanja form? of 백 (“hundred”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

References edit

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

百: Hán Việt readings: bách (博(bác)陌(mạch)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4], bá[2][3][4]
百: Nôm readings: bách[2][3][4][5][6], bá[2][7][4][5][6], trăm[1]

  1. chữ Hán form of bách (“hundred”).

Compounds edit

References edit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Bonet (1899).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Génibrel (1898).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
  7. ^ Hồ (1976).
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