U+8654, 虔
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8654

[U+8653]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8655]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 141, +4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜心卜大 (YPYK), four-corner 21240, composition )

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1073, character 17
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32686
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1540, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2821, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8654

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. #

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
     

According to the Shuowen Jiezi, Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡren): phonetic (OC *mɯn) + semantic . According to Li Xueqin (2012), the phonetic component is instead (OC *qʰaː).

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (79)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter gjen
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡˠiᴇn/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡᵚiɛn/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiæn/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gian/
Li
Rong
/ɡjɛn/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭɛn/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ɛn/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
qián
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
kin4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
qián
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjen ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]ra[n]/
English kill; cut (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10260
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡren/
Notes

Definitions edit

  1. reverent; devout; pious; respectful; sincere
  2. (obsolete) looking like a tiger walking; strong; powerful
  3. to kill; to slaughter; to murder
  4. to plunder; to loot; to seize
  5. a surname

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

  1. (chiefly Quanzhou Hokkien) Alternative form of (to congeal; to encrust)

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. respect

Readings edit

Compounds edit

Korean edit

Hanja edit

(eumhun 공경할 (gonggyeonghal geon))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

: Hán Nôm readings: kiền

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.