達
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TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
達 (radical 162, 辵+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜土廿手 (YGTQ), four-corner 34304, composition ⿺辶𦍒)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1262, character 10
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39011
- Dae Jaweon: page 1755, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3855, character 1
- Unihan data for U+9054
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 達 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 达* | |
| variant forms | 达 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (羍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 羍 | *tʰaːd |
| 達 | *tʰaːd, *daːd |
| 闥 | *tʰaːd |
| 撻 | *tʰaːd, *tʰaːd |
| 躂 | *tʰaːd |
| 澾 | *tʰaːd |
| 薘 | *daːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tʰaːd, *daːd): semantic 辶 + phonetic 羍 (OC *tʰaːd).
Note that inner component is not 幸 – these are not related, and there is an extra stroke in 達 (two horizontal strokes at the bottom, not one).
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dat (“live; alive”). Cognate with Tibetan སྡོད (sdod, “to stay; to sit; to live”) and Proto-Lolo-Burmese *dat (“alive”).
Pronunciation 1Edit
DefinitionsEdit
達
- to lead to; to go to
- to reach; to arrive at
- to achieve; to attain
- to thoroughly understand; to understand
- to express; to convey
- current; general; common
- optimistic; philosophical
- illustrious; influential; intelligent
- everywhere; all over
- onomatopoeia for the collision of objects
- 15th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "reach" (𝌔)
- (～縣) Da County (modern-day Dachuan District in Dazhou, Sichuan)
- A surname.
CompoundsEdit
Pronunciation 2Edit
DefinitionsEdit
達
CompoundsEdit
Pronunciation 3Edit
DefinitionsEdit
達
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: だち (dachi)
- Kan-on: たつ (tatsu, Jōyō)
- Kun: たち (tachi, 達)
- Nanori: いたる (itaru); かつ (katsu); さと (sato); さとし (satoshi); さとる (satoru); しげ (shige); すすむ (susumu); とお (tō); のぶ (nobu); ひろ (hiro); みち (michi); ただ (tada); たて (tate); て (te); てつ (tetsu); とおる (tōru); よし (yoshi)
EtymologyEdit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 達 |
| たち Grade: 4 |
| kun’yomi |
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 達 |
| だち > たち Grade: 4 |
| goon |
From Old Japanese. Appears in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[1]
The ultimate derivation is unknown, but this might be a nativized borrowing from Middle Chinese 達 (/dɑt̚/, perhaps from the “general, common; everywhere, all over” senses?), possibly cognate with Korean 들 (deul, plural marker).
The tachi reading is analyzed by some references[2] as kun'yomi or a native-Japanese reading. Alternatively, this might be a shift from the goon reading of dachi.
SuffixEdit
達 (hiragana たち, rōmaji -tachi)
- plural marker
- 子供、子供達、俺、俺達
- kodomo, kodomotachi, ore, oretachi
- child, children, I, we
- 1994 March 25, Ragawa, Marimo, “
赤 ちゃんと僕 第 33話 [Baby & Me: Chapter 33]”, in 赤ちゃんと僕 [Baby & Me], volume 7 (fiction), Tokyo: Hakusensha, →ISBN, page 27:- この鳥達だって邪魔じゃないか
- Kono tori-tachi datte jama ja nai ka
- But aren’t these birds a bit of a hindrance?
- この鳥達だって邪魔じゃないか
- 子供、子供達、俺、俺達
- attached to the name of the representative of a group to refer to that whole group
- 杏子ちゃんたち
- Kyōko-chan-tachi
- Kyōko-chan and her friend(s)
- 2004 April 7, Watsuki, Nobuhiro, “
第 ８話 ロックオン [Chapter 8: Lock On]”, in武 装 錬 金 [Armed Alchemy], volume 2, Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN, page 23:- 六舛達集めて先に玄関で待っててくれ
- Rokumasu-tachi ayamete saki ni genkan de matte tekure
- Go get Rokumasu and the others and wait for me at the entrance, will you?
- 六舛達集めて先に玄関で待っててくれ
- 杏子ちゃんたち
- (archaic, possibly obsolete) honorific suffix
Usage notesEdit
Note that tachi only clarifies that the number of people in question is more than one. It could be omitted when the plurality is already clear by context or considered negligible. The plurality marked with tachi is not syntactic. Tachi is normally used only for people.