韌

See also: 韧

韌 U+97CC, 韌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-97CC ← 韋 [U+97CB] CJK Unified Ideographs 韍 → [U+97CD]

Translingual

Han character

韌 (Kangxi radical 178, 韋+3, 12 strokes, cangjie input 木手尸竹戈 (DQSHI), four-corner 4754₇, composition ⿰韋刃)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1393, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43109
• Dae Jaweon: page 1908, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4503, character 7
• Unihan data for U+97CC

Chinese

trad.		韌
simp.		韧

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 韌
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
涊	*nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉	*nɯn
忍	*njɯnʔ
荵	*njɯnʔ
刃	*njɯns
認	*njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞	*njɯns
軔	*njɯns
韌	*njɯns
肕	*njɯns
牣	*njɯns
杒	*njɯns
訒	*njɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njɯns) : semantic 韋 + phonetic 刃 (OC *njɯns).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): rèn (ren⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ren³

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ngan⁶, jan⁶

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngin¹

• Gan (Wiktionary): nyin⁵
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): ngiun

  (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiun⁴

• Jin (Wiktionary): reng³
• Eastern Min (BUC): nông / êng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): lūn / jūn / lǔn / līm / jīm / līn / jīn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): rung⁷ / rim²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶gnin; ⁶zen
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ren⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: rèn
    • Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
    • Wade–Giles: jên⁴
    • Yale: rèn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
    • Palladius: жэнь (žɛnʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: ren³
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhen
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /zən⁵³/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngan⁶, jan⁶
    • Yale: ngahn, yahn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngan⁶, jan⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngen⁶, yen⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɐn²²/, /jɐn²²/

Note:

• ngan6 - vernacular;
• jan6 - literary.

• (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  • Wiktionary: ngin¹
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ᵑɡin³³/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: nyin⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲin¹¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiun
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngiun
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngiun⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯un⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: ngiun⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋiun⁵³/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: reng³
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐə̃ŋ⁴⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: nông / êng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡouŋ²⁴²/, /ɛiŋ²⁴²/

Note:

• nông - vernacular;
• êng - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Yilan, Hsinchu, Taichung, Kinmen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūn
    • Tâi-lô: lūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lun
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lun⁴¹/
    • IPA (Taipei, Yilan): /lun³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Kinmen): /lun²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Sanxia, Magong)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jūn
    • Tâi-lô: jūn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jun
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /zun³³/
    • IPA (Tainan): /d͡zun³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zun²²/
  • (Hokkien: Lukang)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lǔn
    • Tâi-lô: lǔn
    • IPA (Lukang): /lun³³/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līm
    • Tâi-lô: līm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lim
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lim²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīm
    • Tâi-lô: jīm
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jim
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zim²²/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn
    • Tâi-lô: līn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lin
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn
    • Tâi-lô: jīn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: jin
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡zin²²/

Note:

• lūn/jūn/lǔn - vernacular;
• līm/jīm, līn/jīn - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: rung⁷ / rim²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jūng / jím
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡zuŋ¹¹/, /d͡zim⁵²/

Note:

• rung7 - vernacular;
• rim2 - literary.

• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶gnin; ⁶zen
    • MiniDict: nyin^去; zen^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³nyin; ³zen
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲin²³/, /zən²³/

Note:

• 3nyin - vernacular;
• 3zen - literary.

• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: ren⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁴⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: nyinH

Rime
Character	韌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	而振切
Baxter	nyinH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪnH/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵinH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjenH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵinH/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕnH/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rèn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*njɯns/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	韌
Reading #	1/1
No.	10835
Phonetic component	刃
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	刃
Old Chinese	/*njɯns/
Notes	見管子

Definitions

韌

1. strong; tough; robust; sturdy
2. (Cantonese) tough; hard to chew or cut

   我覺得呢塊肉韌咗啲。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我觉得呢块肉韧咗啲。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ gok³ dak¹ nei¹ faai³ juk⁶ ngan⁶ zo² di¹. [Jyutping]

   I think this piece of meat is a bit too tough.

Synonyms

• (strong): (Hokkien) 鞫

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of "strong"): 脆 (cuì)

Compounds

• 堅韌／坚韧 (jiānrèn)
• 堅韌不拔／坚韧不拔 (jiānrènbùbá)
• 強韌／强韧
• 柔韌／柔韧 (róurèn)
• 韌帶／韧带 (rèndài)
• 韌幹／韧干
• 韌性／韧性 (rènxìng)
• 韌戰／韧战
• 韌皮纖維／韧皮纤维
• 韌皮部／韧皮部 (rènpíbù)

 

Japanese

Kanji

韌

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): じん (jin); にん (nin)
• Kun: しなやか (shinayaka)