-kin
EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Middle English -kin, -kinne, -kunne, from Old English cynna, the genitive plural of cynn (“kind, sort, rank”), used in compounds.
SuffixEdit
-kin
- (now chiefly dialectal) Used to form adjectives expressing resemblance or likeness to, similar to -like.
- A suffix used to form nouns having qualities of or belonging to a particular kind, class, or sort.
Etymology 2Edit
From Middle English -kin, -ken (also as -ke, -k), perhaps from Old English -ca, -ce, but more likely from Middle Dutch -ken (compare cognate Middle English -chen, -chin, from Old English -ċen), apparently representing Proto-West Germanic *-ikīn, *-ukīn, a double diminutive, from *-ik, *-uk (> Old English -oc) + *-īn (compare Old English -en). Cognate with Dutch -ken, Low German -ken, German -chen, Old English -ċen. More at -ock, -en.
SuffixEdit
-kin
- (now archaic) Forming diminutives of nouns.
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
- bodkin
- boykin
- catkin
- devilkin
- demonkin
- fiendkin
- ladykin
- lambkin
- manikin
- munchkin
- napkin
- pannikin
- pumpkin
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
AnagramsEdit
BasqueEdit
SuffixEdit
-kin
- Alternative form of -gin
Derived termsEdit
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *-kik, from *-ka + suffix (possibly lative *-ik). Cognate to Estonian -gi, Votic -tši. The final -n is by analogy with -kaan.[1] In the eastern dialects, the weak form *-gik was historically standard, and variation is found in some lexicalized terms (e.g. jotain ~ jotakin). Probably also related to Erzya -ке (-ke) in секе (śeke, “the same”), неке (ńeke, “the same (plural)”).[2]
ParticleEdit
-kin (enclitic particle, chiefly in the positive)
- (appended to any other word than a verb) also, too
- Minäkin söin tänään jäätelöä.
- Also I ate ice-cream today. (I wasn't the only one who ate it.)
- (Minä) söin tänäänkin jäätelöä.
- I ate ice-cream also today. (I also ate it on other days.)
- (Minä) söin tänään jäätelöäkin.
- I ate also ice-cream today. (I also ate other things.)
- (appended to a verb) though, anyway, still, nonetheless, nevertheless; often not translated at all, used to underline an action
- Minulla ei ole nälkä, mutta söinkin juuri jäätelöä.
- I'm not hungry, but I did just eat some ice cream.
- Minulla ei pitänyt olla nälkä, mutta söinkin juuri jäätelöä.
- I wasn't supposed to be hungry, but I just ate some ice cream anyway.
- Minun piti mennä kauppaan, mutta meninkin kapakkaan.
- I was supposed to go to the store, but I went to the bar instead.
- "Kuinka sait tavarat ulos kaupasta? Eihän sinulla ollut rahaa!" "Minä maksoinkin luottokortilla."
- "How did you get the items out of the store? You didn't have any money, did you?" "[Well,] I paid with a credit card."
- Bussi tulikin taas myöhässä.
- The bus came late again (as always).
- Vaikka osasinkin jo suurimman osan opetetuista asioista, kurssi oli silti kiinnostava.
- Even though I already knew most of the things taught, the course was still interesting.
- at that (in addition to what has been said; furthermore; moreover)
- Hän meni kuuluisaan kouluun ja hyvään menikin.
- He went to a famous school, and a good one at that.
- even (implying extreme example)
- Minäkin osaisin tehdä tämän!
- Even I know how to do this!
- -ever (when used with a verb that has an interrogative pronoun, often with ikinä for emphasis)
- Kuka ikinä onkin, hän yrittää vain saada huomiosi.
- Whoever that person is, they are just trying to get your attention.
- Used to form rhetorical questions or questions for which the speaker is seeking to have their opinion confirmed.
- Eikö olekin kaunis?
- Isn't it beautiful?
Usage notesEdit
| polarity pair |
positive | -kin |
|---|---|---|
| negative | -kaan |
SynonymsEdit
- (too, also): myös
AntonymsEdit
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
- ^ Erina Olga. Particles in the Mordvin Languages (1997), p. 37
TurkishEdit
| preceding vowel | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü | |
| default | -gın | -gin | -gun | -gün |
| assimilated | -kın | -kin | -kun | -kün |
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-kin