-to
Afar edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-tó
- Form of -ytó used after nouns ending in consonants.
Declension edit
Declension of -tó | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
absolutive | -tó | |||||||||||||||||
predicative | -tó | |||||||||||||||||
subjective | -tó | |||||||||||||||||
genitive | -tó | |||||||||||||||||
|
References edit
- E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN, page 228
- Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)
Basque edit
Etymology 1 edit
Unknown, probably attested in Aquitanian *nescato.[1]
Suffix edit
-to
- Diminutive suffix.
- (rare, non-productive) Augmentative suffix.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Unknown.[2]
Suffix edit
-to
Derived terms edit
References edit
- ^ “-to [1]” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
- ^ “-to [2]” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
Further reading edit
- “-to” in Labayru Hiztegia
Chuukese edit
Suffix edit
-to
- here; used to modify verb direction
Kalo Finnish Romani edit
Suffix edit
-to
- Used to form ordinal numbers.
Usage notes edit
The first two ordinal numbers have irregular forms in addition to the regular forms, iekto and duito: vaaguno and vauro. The third and fourth are somewhat irregular: tritto and startto instead of the expected *triinto and *staarto.
Latin edit
Etymology 1 edit
Likely originally denominatives in -ō formed from the past participle.
Suffix edit
-tō (present infinitive -tāre, perfect active -tāvī, supine -tātum); first conjugation
- Forms frequentative verbs from existing verbs. In Latin, this means repeated or intense action.[1] For examples, see here.
Usage notes edit
The suffix uses the past participle/supine stem as the base, see the usage notes at -tus for more. It is not used for first conjugation verbs, the variant -itō appears there instead.
Conjugation edit
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.
2The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Suffix edit
-tō
References edit
- ^ B. L. Gildersleeve and Gonzalez Lodge (1895), Gildersleeve's Latin Grammar, §191 A.
Taos edit
Pronunciation edit
Postposition edit
-to
Related terms edit
Ye'kwana edit
Etymology 1 edit
Alternative forms edit
- -cho (allomorph after i)
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-to
- Forms the plural of nonpast tenses.
- Forms the plural of the recent past tense. (When used alone, forms the plural of the recent past perfective tense when the arguments of the verb are first- or second-person.)
- Forms the plural of the distant past tense when at least one of the arguments of the verb is third-person.
Usage notes edit
This suffix can cause syllable reduction.
Derived terms edit
Etymology 2 edit
Pronunciation edit
Suffix edit
-to
- Allomorph of -ato (adverb/postposition nominalizing suffix) used after all vowels but e and i.
References edit
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “⸗to”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[2], Lyon, pages 124, 213–222