chamar

English

Alternative forms

• chamaar, choomar, chumar

Etymology

Borrowed from Hindi चमार (camār).

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /tʃəˈmɑː/

Noun

chamar (plural chamars)

1. A member of a tribe who works in leather and agriculture; a tanner or leather-worker.
   • 1888, Rudyard Kipling, “The Sending of Dana Da”, in In Black and White, Folio Society, published 2005, page 419:

     It is not strictly a native patent, though chamars of the skin and hide castes can, if irritated, despatch a Sending which sits on the breast of their enemy by night and nearly kills him.

Galician

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese chamar, from Latin clāmāre (“to cry out”). Compare Portuguese chamar and Spanish llamar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃaˈmaɾ/

Verb

chamar (first-person singular present chamo, first-person singular preterite chamei, past participle chamado)

1. to call; to refer to (by name)

   Chámome Alejandro e nacín en 1953 ― "I am called Alejandro and was born in 1953"

2. (transitive) to call, summon

   Quen chama? ― "Who's calling?"

3. (intransitive) to call, summon [with por ‘someone’]
   • 2016, Malandrómeda, Chegar e encher [song]:

     Cando voltei, cheguei e enchín,
     choran os problemas e chaman por min;
     non sei moi ben se hoxe vou ser quen
     de pasar de lado como se non fora comigo

     When I came back, and pulled it off at the first attempt [veni, vidi, vici]
     the troubles cry and call me;
     I'm not sure if today I'll be capable
     of passing by as if that's not me

   Chama por ela ― "Call her"

4. to invoke

   Synonym: invocar

5. (transitive) to goad; to steer, guide (the cattle, a yoke)

   Synonym: afalar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chamar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chamar
Personal	chamar	chamares	chamar	chamarmos	chamardes	chamaren
Gerund
	chamando
Past participle
Masculine	chamado			chamados
Feminine	chamada			chamadas
Indicative
Present	chamo	chamas	chama	chamamos	chamades	chaman
Imperfect	chamaba	chamabas	chamaba	chamabamos	chamabades	chamaban
Preterite	chamei	chamaches	chamou	chamamos	chamastes	chamaron
Pluperfect	chamara	chamaras	chamara	chamaramos	chamarades	chamaran
Future	chamarei	chamarás	chamará	chamaremos	chamaredes	chamarán
Conditional	chamaría	chamarías	chamaría	chamariamos	chamariades	chamarían
Subjunctive
Present	chame	chames	chame	chamemos	chamedes	chamen
Imperfect	chamase	chamases	chamase	chamásemos	chamásedes	chamasen
Future	chamar	chamares	chamar	chamarmos	chamardes	chamaren
Imperative
Affirmative		chama	chame	chamemos	chamade	chamen
Negative (non)		non chames	non chame	non chamemos	non chamedes	non chamen

    Reintegrated conjugation of chamar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chamar
Personal	chamar	chamares	chamar	chamarmos	chamardes	chamarem
Gerund
	chamando
Past participle
Masculine	chamado			chamados
Feminine	chamada			chamadas
Indicative
Present	chamo	chamas	chama	chamamos	chamades, chamais	chamam
Imperfect	chamava	chamavas	chamava	chamávamos	chamávades, chamáveis, chamávais1	chamavam
Preterite	chamei	chamaste, chamache1	chamou	chamamos	chamastes	chamárom, chamaram
Pluperfect	chamara	chamaras	chamara	chamáramos	chamárades, chamáreis, chamárais1	chamaram
Future	chamarei	chamarás	chamará	chamaremos	chamaredes, chamareis	chamarám, chamarão
Conditional	chamaria	chamarias	chamaria	chamaríamos	chamaríades, chamaríeis, chamaríais1	chamariam
Subjunctive
Present	chame	chames	chame	chamemos	chamedes, chameis	chamem
Imperfect	chamasse	chamasses	chamasse	chamássemos	chamássedes, chamásseis	chamassem
Future	chamar	chamares	chamar	chamarmos	chamardes	chamarem
Imperative
Affirmative		chama	chame	chamemos	chamade, chamai	chamem
Negative (nom)		nom chames	nom chame	nom chamemos	nom chamedes, nom chameis	nom chamem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• rechamar

References

• Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “chamar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “chamar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “chamar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “chamar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “chamar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Latin clāmāre (“to cry out”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃa.ˈmaɾ/
• Rhymes: -aɾ

Verb

chamar

1. to call; to refer to (by name)
2. to call, to name, to denominate
3. (takes a reflexive pronoun) to be called (to have a specific name)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chamar

infinitive		simple		chamar
		compound		infinitive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
gerund		simple		chamando
		compound		gerund of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
past participle				singular		plural
		masculine		chamado		chamada
		feminine		chamados		chamadas
present participle				chamante		chamantes
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	chamo	chamas	chama	chamamos	chamades	chaman
	imperfect	chamava	chamavas	chamava	chamavamos, chamávamos	chamavades, chamávades	chamavan
	preterite	chamei	chamaste, chamasche, chamache	chamou	chamamos	chamastes	chamaron
	pluperfect	chamara	chamaras	chamara	chamaramos, chamáramos	chamarades, chamárades	chamaran
	future	chamarei	chamarás	chamará	chamaremos	chamaredes	chamarán
	conditional	chamaria	chamarias	chamaria	chamariamos, chamaríamos	chamariades, chamaríades	chamarian
compound tenses	present perfect	present of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	present imperfect	imperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	past anterior	preterite of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	simple pluperfect of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
subjunctive mood		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
simple tenses	present	chame	chames	chame	chamemos	chamedes	chamen
	preterite	chamasse	chamasses	chamasse	chamássemos	chamássedes	chamassen
	future	chamar	chamares	chamar	chamarmos	chamardes	chamaren
compound tenses	present perfect	present subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	pluperfect	preterite subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
	future perfect	future subjunctive of haver1 or tẽer2 + past participle
imperative mood		—	tu	vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	—
affirmative		—	chama	chame	chamemos	chamade	—
negative		—	non chames	non chame	non chamemos	non chamedes	—
personal infinitive		eu ei	tu	el~ele ela vossa mercee	nos nos outros nos outras	vos vos outros vos outras	eles elas
		chamar	chamares	chamar	chamarmos	chamardes	chamaren
1 Its alternative spelling, aver, can be used as well. 2 Teer and ter were used too, though all 3 were less common than forms of "haver".

Related terms

• chamado

Descendants

• Galician: chamar
• Portuguese: chamar (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• Universo Cantigas - "chamar"

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese chamar, from Latin clamāre (“to cry out”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₁- (“to shout”). Compare Galician chamar and Spanish llamar. Doublet of clamar, a borrowing.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈma(ʁ)/ [ʃaˈma(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈma(ʁ)/ [ʃaˈma(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈma(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈma(ʁ)/ [ʃaˈma(χ)]
  • (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʃaˈma(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʃɐˈmaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʃɐˈmaɾ/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃɐˈmaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ʃɐˈma.ɾi/

• (Brazil Nordestino) IPA^(key): /ʃɐ.ˈma(h)/, /ʃɐ̃.ˈma(h)/
• Hyphenation: cha‧mar

• Audio (Portugal, Oporto):

  (file)

Verb

chamar (first-person singular present chamo, first-person singular preterite chamei, past participle chamado)

1. (transitive) to call; to summon (to ask someone to come)

   Synonyms: clamar, invocar, convocar

   Há uma partida amanhã, chamem os seus/vossos amigos.

   There is a match tomorrow, call your friends.

2. (transitive) to call, to name (to use as the name of) [with a ‘someone/something’, along with direct object or de ‘(as) something’; or with direct object ‘someone/something’ and de (+ object or adjective) ‘(as) something’]

   Os botânicos chamam àquele tipo de árvore (de) gimnosperma.

   Botanists call that type of tree a gymnosperm.

   chamar alguém de verdadeiro amigo ― to call someone a true friend

   • Deus chamou à luz dia, e às trevas chamou noite.

     God called the light day, and the darkness He called night.

3. (transitive, derogatory) to call, to label [with a ‘someone/something’, along with direct object or de ‘(as) something negative’; or with direct object ‘someone/something’ and de (+ object or adjective) ‘(as) something negative’]

   Eles o chamaram de idiota, de mentiroso.

   They called him an idiot, a liar.

   Chamaram-me feio na escola.

   They called me ugly at school.

4. (takes a reflexive pronoun, transitive) to be called (to have a specific name)

   Synonyms: nomear, denominar, designar

   Olá, chamo-me Pedro.

   Hi, I’m called Peter.

Conjugation

    Conjugation of chamar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	chamar
Personal	chamar	chamares	chamar	chamarmos	chamardes	chamarem
Gerund
	chamando
Past participle
Masculine	chamado			chamados
Feminine	chamada			chamadas
Indicative
Present	chamo	chamas	chama	chamamos	chamais	chamam
Imperfect	chamava	chamavas	chamava	chamávamos	chamáveis	chamavam
Preterite	chamei	chamaste	chamou	chamamos1, chamámos2	chamastes	chamaram
Pluperfect	chamara	chamaras	chamara	chamáramos	chamáreis	chamaram
Future	chamarei	chamarás	chamará	chamaremos	chamareis	chamarão
Conditional	chamaria	chamarias	chamaria	chamaríamos	chamaríeis	chamariam
Subjunctive
Present	chame	chames	chame	chamemos	chameis	chamem
Imperfect	chamasse	chamasses	chamasse	chamássemos	chamásseis	chamassem
Future	chamar	chamares	chamar	chamarmos	chamardes	chamarem
Imperative
Affirmative		chama	chame	chamemos	chamai	chamem
Negative (não)		não chames	não chame	não chamemos	não chameis	não chamem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:chamar.

Related terms

• chamada
• chamado
• chamador
• chamamento
• chamarisco
• chamariz
• clamar
• clamor

 

Descendants

• Guinea-Bissau Creole: tcama
• Macanese: chomâ