Caribbean Hindustani edit

Noun edit

dhuku

  1. money

See also edit

Javanese edit

Romanization edit

dhuku

  1. Romanization of ꦝꦸꦏꦸ

Shona edit

Etymology edit

From Afrikaans doek.

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

dhúku class 5 (plural madhúku class 6)

  1. head tie

Swahili edit

Etymology edit

Borrowed from Arabic ذَاقَ (ḏāqa, to taste).[1]

Pronunciation edit

  • (file)

Verb edit

-dhuku (infinitive kudhuku)

  1. to taste

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of -dhuku
Positive present -nadhuku
Subjunctive -dhuku
Negative -dhuku
Imperative singular dhuku
Infinitives
Positive kudhuku
Negative kutodhuku
Imperatives
Singular dhuku
Plural dhukuni
Tensed forms
Habitual hudhuku
Positive past positive subject concord + -lidhuku
Negative past negative subject concord + -kudhuku
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nadhuku)
Singular Plural
1st person ninadhuku/nadhuku tunadhuku
2nd person unadhuku mnadhuku
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anadhuku wanadhuku
other classes positive subject concord + -nadhuku
Negative present (negative subject concord + -dhuku)
Singular Plural
1st person sidhuku hatudhuku
2nd person hudhuku hamdhuku
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hadhuku hawadhuku
other classes negative subject concord + -dhuku
Positive future positive subject concord + -tadhuku
Negative future negative subject concord + -tadhuku
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -dhuku)
Singular Plural
1st person nidhuku tudhuku
2nd person udhuku mdhuku
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhuku wadhuku
other classes positive subject concord + -dhuku
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sidhuku
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngedhuku
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singedhuku
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalidhuku
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalidhuku
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -adhuku)
Singular Plural
1st person nadhuku twadhuku
2nd person wadhuku mwadhuku
3rd person m-wa(I/II) adhuku wadhuku
m-mi(III/IV) wadhuku yadhuku
ji-ma(V/VI) ladhuku yadhuku
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chadhuku vyadhuku
n(IX/X) yadhuku zadhuku
u(XI) wadhuku see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwadhuku
pa(XVI) padhuku
mu(XVIII) mwadhuku
Perfect positive subject concord + -medhuku
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshadhuku
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jadhuku
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kidhuku
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipodhuku
Consecutive kadhuku / positive subject concord + -kadhuku
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kadhuku
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nidhuku -tudhuku
2nd person -kudhuku -wadhuku/-kudhukuni/-wadhukuni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mdhuku -wadhuku
m-mi(III/IV) -udhuku -idhuku
ji-ma(V/VI) -lidhuku -yadhuku
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kidhuku -vidhuku
n(IX/X) -idhuku -zidhuku
u(XI) -udhuku see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kudhuku
pa(XVI) -padhuku
mu(XVIII) -mudhuku
Reflexive -jidhuku
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -dhuku- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -dhukuye -dhukuo
m-mi(III/IV) -dhukuo -dhukuyo
ji-ma(V/VI) -dhukulo -dhukuyo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -dhukucho -dhukuvyo
n(IX/X) -dhukuyo -dhukuzo
u(XI) -dhukuo see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -dhukuko
pa(XVI) -dhukupo
mu(XVIII) -dhukumo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -dhuku)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yedhuku -odhuku
m-mi(III/IV) -odhuku -yodhuku
ji-ma(V/VI) -lodhuku -yodhuku
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chodhuku -vyodhuku
n(IX/X) -yodhuku -zodhuku
u(XI) -odhuku see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kodhuku
pa(XVI) -podhuku
mu(XVIII) -modhuku
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

References edit

  1. ^ Kees Versteegh (2011) The Word in Arabic[1], volume 62, Brill, page 218:An important piece of evidence for this thesis is the form in which Arabic weak verbs were borrowed in Swahili (Schwarz 2004: 74): dhuku (< Arabic ḏāqa, imperative ḏuq) ‘to taste’;