espantar
Catalan
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom older espaventar, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present active participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Occitan, Spanish, and Portuguese espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editespantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantí, past participle espantat)
Conjugation
editDerived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “espantar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “espantar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
- “espantar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “espantar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
editEtymology
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese espantar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, present active infinitive of *expaventō, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Portuguese, Spanish, and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editespantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantei, past participle espantado)
- (transitive) to frighten, to scare; to terrify
- (pronominal) to get frightened
- Synonyms: asustar, atemorizar
- 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago, Madrid: C.S.I.C., page 117:
- aos soes das cãpaynas et ante a semelduẽ das carãtonas, que erã moy feas, espantarõse os caualos dos caualeiros de Calrros et começarõ de fogir cõ grã medo
- at the sound of the bells and because of the looks of the masks, which were very ugly, Charlemagne's knights' horses got frightened and began to flee with great fear
- to chase off; to shoo; to drive away
- Synonyms: axotar, correr, escorrentar
Conjugation
edit1Less recommended.
Related terms
editReferences
edit- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “espantar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “espant”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “espantar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “espantar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “espantar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “espantar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “espantar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Ladino
editEtymology
editFrom Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō.
Verb
editespantar (Latin spelling)
- to scare
Derived terms
editOccitan
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom espaventar, from Old Occitan, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, present active infinitive of *expaventō, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō.
Pronunciation
editAudio: (file)
Verb
editespantar
- to terrify
Conjugation
editsimple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espanti | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvem | espantàvetz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantèri | espantères | espantèt | espantèrem | espantèretz | espantèron | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantarà | espantarem | espantaretz | espantaràn | |
conditional | espantariái | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
imperfect | espantèssi | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espanton | |
imperfect | espantave | espantaves | espantava | espantaviam | espantaviatz | espantavon | |
preterite | espantere | espanteres | espantet | espantem | espantetz | espanteron | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantará | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarán | |
conditional | espantariá | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantassiam | espantassiatz | espanton | |
imperfect | espantesse | espantesses | espantesse | espantessiam | espantessiatz | espantesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantassiam | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espanti | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvam | espantàvatz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantèi | espantès | espantè | espantèm | espantètz | espantèn | |
future | espantarèi | espantaràs | espantarà | espantaram | espantaratz | espantaràn | |
conditional | espantarí | espantarés | espantaré | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espanti | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
imperfect | espantèssi | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espante | espantas | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantava | espantavas | espantava | espantàvam | espantàvatz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantei | espanteras | espantet | espantèram | espantèratz | espanteran | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantará | espantarem | espantaretz | espantarán | |
conditional | espantariá | espantariàs | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espanten | |
imperfect | espantèsse | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantèssem | espantèssetz | espantèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | espantar | aver espantat | |||||
gerund | espantant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | espantat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espanta | espantam | espantatz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantavi | espantavas | espantava | espantàvem | espantàvetz | espantavan | |
preterite | espantère | espantères | espantèt | espanteriam | espanteriatz | espantèron | |
future | espantarai | espantaràs | espantarà | espantarem | espantaretz | espantaràn | |
conditional | espantariáu | espantariás | espantariá | espantariam | espantariatz | espantarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | espantèra | espantèras | espantèra | espanteram | espanteratz | espantèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | espante | espantes | espante | espantem | espantetz | espantan | |
imperfect | espantèsse | espantèsses | espantèsse | espantessiam | espantessiatz | espantèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
espanta | espantem | espantatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Portuguese
editEtymology
editFrom Old Galician-Portuguese, from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Spanish and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter.
Pronunciation
edit
Verb
editespantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espantei, past participle espantado)
- to terrify, to frighten
- Synonyms: assustar, atemorizar
- to chase off, to shoo
- (figuratively) to surprise, to astonish
- Synonyms: pasmar, maravilhar, surpreender
Conjugation
edit1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Spanish
editEtymology
editInherited from Vulgar Latin *expaventāre, derived from the present participle of Classical Latin expaveō. Compare Portuguese and Catalan espantar, Italian spaventare, French épouvanter, also Romanian înspăimânta.
Pronunciation
edit- IPA(key): /espanˈtaɾ/ [es.pãn̪ˈt̪aɾ]
Audio (Argentina): (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: es‧pan‧tar
Verb
editespantar (first-person singular present espanto, first-person singular preterite espanté, past participle espantado)
- (transitive) to scare, to spook, to frighten
- Synonyms: asustar, atemorizar; see also Thesaurus:asustar
- (transitive) to scare away, to scare off, to chase away, to drive away, to frighten away, to frighten off
Conjugation
editThese forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
edit- → Neapolitan: spantare
Further reading
edit- “espantar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Catalan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Catalan terms inherited from Classical Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Classical Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan first conjugation verbs
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Galician terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Galician transitive verbs
- Galician terms with quotations
- Ladino terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Ladino terms derived from Latin
- Ladino lemmas
- Ladino verbs
- Ladino verbs in Latin script
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with audio pronunciation
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan first group verbs
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Portuguese terms inherited from Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Spanish terms inherited from Vulgar Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Vulgar Latin
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 3-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/3 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ar
- Spanish transitive verbs
- es:Fear