See also: finís, finiš, and finiş

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle English finis, from Latin fīnis (end; limit). Doublet of fine.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

finis

  1. The end (of a book or other work).
    • 1836, Frederick Marryat, Mr Midshipman Easy:
      He had gone through the work from the title-page to the finis at least forty times, and had just commenced it over again.
    • 1922 February, James Joyce, Ulysses, Paris: Shakespeare and Company, [], →OCLC:
      , Episode 16
      Highly providential was the appearance on the scene of Corny Kelleher when Stephen was blissfully unconscious but for that man in the gap turning up at the eleventh hour the finis might have been that he might have been a candidate for the accident ward []

EsperantoEdit

VerbEdit

finis

  1. past of fini

FrenchEdit

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

finis

  1. masculine plural of fini

VerbEdit

finis

  1. inflection of finir:
    1. first/second-person singular present indicative
    2. first/second-person singular past historic
    3. second-person singular imperative

ParticipleEdit

finis m pl

  1. masculine plural of the past participle of finir

IdoEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

finis

  1. past of finar

IndonesianEdit

NounEdit

finis (first-person possessive finisku, second-person possessive finismu, third-person possessive finisnya)

  1. finish

LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

Disputed.[1] Perhaps for *fignis, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰeygʷ- (to stick, set up), whence figō,[2] or for *fidnis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyd- (to split), whence findō.

For the meaning, "region", compare pāgus again from a root meaning "to fix".

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

fīnis m (genitive fīnis); third declension

  1. end
    Antonyms: initium, prīmōrdium, prīncipium, exōrdium, orīgō, limen
    in finemeternally
    ad finemto the end
    finem facioI cease
    • 29-19 BC, Vergil. Aeneid, 1.199
      dabit Deus hīs quoque fīnem
      God will give an end to these (things) also.
  2. limit, border, bound boundary, frontier
    Synonyms: līmes, modus, cacūmen
  3. (in the plural) boundaries, bounds; by extension, territory, region, lands
  4. limit in duration, term (duration of a set length)
    • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 26.1:
      huic generī mīlitum senātus eundem, quem Cannēnsibus, fīnem statuērat mīlitiae.
      For this class of soldier the senate had established a limit in duration to their military service, which was the same as the men at Cannae.
  5. end, purpose, aim, object, telos
    Synonyms: voluntās, intentiō, cōnsilium, propositum, animus, mēns
  6. death, end (of life)
    Synonyms: mors, fūnus, fātum, exitus, perniciēs, somnus, sopor
  7. amount (in late juridical writings)

Usage notesEdit

According to Lewis & Short, fīnis does occasionally appear as a feminine noun in both the ante-classical and post-classical eras.

DeclensionEdit

Third-declension noun (i-stem, ablative singular in -e or ).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative fīnis fīnēs
Genitive fīnis fīnium
Dative fīnī fīnibus
Accusative fīnem fīnēs
fīnīs
Ablative fīne
fīnī
fīnibus
Vocative fīnis fīnēs

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Asturian: fin
  • Catalan: fi
  • Corsican: fine
  • Dalmatian: fain
  • Esperanto: fino
  • French: fin
  • Friulian: fin
  • Galician: fin
  • Istriot: feîn
  • Italian: fine
  • Ladin: fin
  • Leonese: fin
  • Occitan: fin
  • Portuguese: fim
  • Romanian: fine
  • Romansch: fin, fegn
  • Sardinian: fine, fini
  • Sicilian: fini
  • Spanish: fin
  • Venetian: fin
  • Walloon: fén
  • Proto-Brythonic: *fin (see there for further descendants)
  • Middle Irish: fín (see there for further descendants)

VerbEdit

fīnīs

  1. second-person singular present active of fīniō

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. ^ Tucker, T.G., Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition)

Further readingEdit

  • finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • finis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • finis in Dizionario Latino, Olivetti
  • finis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • finis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to enlarge the boundaries of a kingdom: fines (imperii) propagare, extendere, (longius) proferre
    • to evacuate territory: (ex) finibus excedere
    • to put an end to one's life: vitae finem facere
    • such was the end of... (used of a violent death): talem vitae exitum (not finem) habuit (Nep. Eum. 13)
    • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem facere alicuius rei
    • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem imponere, afferre, constituere alicui rei
    • to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: ad finem aliquid adducere
    • to come to an end: finem habere
    • to cease speaking: finem dicendi facere
    • to impose fixed limitations: fines certos terminosque constituere
    • to put an end to war: belli finem facere, bellum finire

PijinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From English finish.

ParticleEdit

finis

  1. Tense marker for the past perfect tense