Swahili edit

Etymology edit

From huzuni (sadness) +‎ -isha (causative affix).

Pronunciation edit

  • (file)

Verb edit

-huzunisha (infinitive kuhuzunisha)

  1. to sadden

Conjugation edit

Conjugation of -huzunisha
Positive present -nahuzunisha
Subjunctive -huzunishe
Negative -huzunishi
Imperative singular huzunisha
Infinitives
Positive kuhuzunisha
Negative kutohuzunisha
Imperatives
Singular huzunisha
Plural huzunisheni
Tensed forms
Habitual huhuzunisha
Positive past positive subject concord + -lihuzunisha
Negative past negative subject concord + -kuhuzunisha
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahuzunisha)
Singular Plural
1st person ninahuzunisha/nahuzunisha tunahuzunisha
2nd person unahuzunisha mnahuzunisha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) anahuzunisha wanahuzunisha
other classes positive subject concord + -nahuzunisha
Negative present (negative subject concord + -huzunishi)
Singular Plural
1st person sihuzunishi hatuhuzunishi
2nd person huhuzunishi hamhuzunishi
3rd person m-wa(I/II) hahuzunishi hawahuzunishi
other classes negative subject concord + -huzunishi
Positive future positive subject concord + -tahuzunisha
Negative future negative subject concord + -tahuzunisha
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -huzunishe)
Singular Plural
1st person nihuzunishe tuhuzunishe
2nd person uhuzunishe mhuzunishe
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahuzunishe wahuzunishe
other classes positive subject concord + -huzunishe
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sihuzunishe
Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngehuzunisha
Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singehuzunisha
Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalihuzunisha
Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalihuzunisha
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahuzunisha)
Singular Plural
1st person nahuzunisha twahuzunisha
2nd person wahuzunisha mwahuzunisha
3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahuzunisha wahuzunisha
m-mi(III/IV) wahuzunisha yahuzunisha
ji-ma(V/VI) lahuzunisha yahuzunisha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) chahuzunisha vyahuzunisha
n(IX/X) yahuzunisha zahuzunisha
u(XI) wahuzunisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) kwahuzunisha
pa(XVI) pahuzunisha
mu(XVIII) mwahuzunisha
Perfect positive subject concord + -mehuzunisha
"Already" positive subject concord + -meshahuzunisha
"Not yet" negative subject concord + -jahuzunisha
"If/When" positive subject concord + -kihuzunisha
"If not" positive subject concord + -sipohuzunisha
Consecutive kahuzunisha / positive subject concord + -kahuzunisha
Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kahuzunishe
Object concord (indicative positive)
Singular Plural
1st person -nihuzunisha -tuhuzunisha
2nd person -kuhuzunisha -wahuzunisha/-kuhuzunisheni/-wahuzunisheni
3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mhuzunisha -wahuzunisha
m-mi(III/IV) -uhuzunisha -ihuzunisha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lihuzunisha -yahuzunisha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kihuzunisha -vihuzunisha
n(IX/X) -ihuzunisha -zihuzunisha
u(XI) -uhuzunisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kuhuzunisha
pa(XVI) -pahuzunisha
mu(XVIII) -muhuzunisha
Reflexive -jihuzunisha
Relative forms
General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -huzunisha- + relative marker)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -huzunishaye -huzunishao
m-mi(III/IV) -huzunishao -huzunishayo
ji-ma(V/VI) -huzunishalo -huzunishayo
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -huzunishacho -huzunishavyo
n(IX/X) -huzunishayo -huzunishazo
u(XI) -huzunishao see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -huzunishako
pa(XVI) -huzunishapo
mu(XVIII) -huzunishamo
Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -huzunisha)
Singular Plural
m-wa(I/II) -yehuzunisha -ohuzunisha
m-mi(III/IV) -ohuzunisha -yohuzunisha
ji-ma(V/VI) -lohuzunisha -yohuzunisha
ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chohuzunisha -vyohuzunisha
n(IX/X) -yohuzunisha -zohuzunisha
u(XI) -ohuzunisha see n(X) or ma(VI) class
ku(XV/XVII) -kohuzunisha
pa(XVI) -pohuzunisha
mu(XVIII) -mohuzunisha
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.