See also: 🈳
U+7A7A, 空
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7A7A

[U+7A79]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7A7B]

Translingual edit

Stroke order
 

Han character edit

(Kangxi radical 116, +3, 8 strokes, cangjie input 十金一 (JCM), four-corner 30101, composition )

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 863, character 1
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1289, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2719, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+7A7A

Chinese edit

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𠀝
𫞹
𢦉

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
 

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *kʰoːŋ, *kʰoːŋs): semantic (cave, hole) + phonetic (OC *koːŋ).

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(g/k)uŋ (hole; orifice; inner part). (OC *kʰloːŋʔ, “hole”) is probably the endoactive derivation of (OC *kʰoːŋ, “hollow; empty”) (Schuessler, 2007). Cognate with Tibetan ཁུང (khung, hole), Jingpho ladi hku (nostril), Chepang घाङ्‌ (gʰaŋ, hole), Burmese ခေါင်း (hkaung:, cavity), Naxi ko³³ (cave; hole; pit) (STEDT).

Pronunciation 1 edit


Note:
  • kĕ̤ng - vernacular;
  • kŭng - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • khang - vernacular;
    • khong - literary.
    Note:
    • kang1 - vernacular;
    • kong1 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • (Changsha)
      • Wiktionary: kong1 / kong4
      • Sinological IPA (key) (old-style): /kʰʊŋ³³/, /kʰʊŋ⁴⁵/
      • Sinological IPA (key) (new-style): /kʰən³³/, /kʰən⁴⁵/

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /kʰuŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /kʰuŋ²¹/
    Jinan /kʰuŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /kʰəŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /kʰuŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /kʰuŋ²¹/
    Xining /kʰuə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /kʰũn³¹/
    Ürümqi /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
    Kunming /kʰoŋ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /kʰoŋ³¹/
    Hefei /kʰəŋ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /kʰuəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /kʰuŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /kʰũŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /kʰoŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /kʰoŋ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /kʰoŋ³³/
    Wenzhou /kʰoŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /kʰuʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /kʰan¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /kʰoŋ³³/
    Xiangtan /kʰən³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kʰuŋ⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /kʰuŋ⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /kʰuŋ²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hoŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /huŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /huŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵/
    /kʰaŋ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kʰøyŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kʰɔŋ⁵⁴/
    /kɔŋ³³/ ~闲
    Shantou (Teochew) /kʰoŋ³³/
    /kʰaŋ³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /xoŋ²³/
    /xaŋ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (29)
    Final () (1)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter khuwng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kʰuŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kʰuŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kʰuŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kʰəwŋ/
    Li
    Rong
    /kʰuŋ/
    Wang
    Li
    /kʰuŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kʰuŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    kōng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    hung1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    kōng
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ khuwng ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʰˁoŋ/
    English hollow, empty; hole

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 4034
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʰoːŋ/

    Definitions edit

    1. empty; hollow; void
      箱子箱子  ―  Zhè xiāngzi shì kōng de.  ―  This box is empty.
      盒子 [MSC, trad.]
      盒子 [MSC, simp.]
      Zài hézi lǐ yǒu xiē kōng píng. [Pinyin]
      There are some empty bottles in the box.
    2. exhausted; emptied
    3. open; spacious; vast
    4. quiet and still; secluded
    5. lacking substance; fictitious; fabricated
        ―  kōnghuà  ―  empty talk
    6. (Eastern Min) hungry
    7. air; sky; atmosphere
        ―  kōng  ―  air; atmosphere
        ―  tiānkōng  ―  the sky
        ―  hángkōng  ―  aviation
      調  ―  kōngtiáo  ―  air conditioning
    8. space; outer space; cosmos; universe
        ―  tàikōng  ―  outer space
        ―  kōngjiān  ―  space
    9. (Buddhism) sunyata; emptiness; void of the world of the senses
    10. (Taoism) emptiness and quiet
    11. in vain; for nothing
    12. only (left, remain, etc.)
    13. to exhaust
    14. to miss the target
    15. (Southern Min, Taiwanese Hakka) hole; cavity
    Synonyms edit
    • (empty):
    • (hungry):
    • (hole):

    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 2 edit


    Note: hung3 - rare.
    Note:
    • káe̤ng - vernacular;
    • kóng - literary.
  • Southern Min
  • Note:
    • khòng - literary (including “zero”);
    • khàng - vernacular.
    Note: kang3 - “zero”.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (29)
    Final () (1)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () I
    Fanqie
    Baxter khuwngH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kʰuŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kʰuŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kʰuŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kʰəwŋH/
    Li
    Rong
    /kʰuŋH/
    Wang
    Li
    /kʰuŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /kʰuŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    kòng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    hung3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 4045
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kʰoːŋs/

    Definitions edit

    1. to make empty; to impoverish
    2. to leave empty; to leave blank
    3. vacant; unoccupied; available
      房間房间  ―  Yǒu kòng fángjiān ma?  ―  Is there any vacant room?
      位子 [MSC, trad.]
      位子 [MSC, simp.]
      Zhè ge wèizǐ kòng zhe ma? [Pinyin]
      Is this seat available?
    4. spare time; free time; leisure
      今天  ―  Wǒ jīntiān yǒu kòng.  ―  I'm free today.
      下午下午  ―  Nǐ xiàwǔ yǒu kòng ma?  ―  Are you free this afternoon?
      現在醫生现在医生  ―  Xiànzài yīshēng méi kòng.  ―  The doctor is not available now.
    5. empty space; room
      進來 [MSC, trad.]
      进来 [MSC, simp.]
      Zài jǐ ge rén jìnlái xíng ma? Chē lǐ hái yǒu kòng ma? [Pinyin]
      Can you fit in another person? Is there room in the car?
    6. (of time) gap; interval; break
      Synonyms: 間隙间隙 (jiànxì), 間隔间隔
    7. chance; opportunity
    8. (Southern Min) zero
    Synonyms edit
    • (zero):
    • (spare time):
    • (empty): (Cantonese)

    Compounds edit

    Pronunciation 3 edit


    Definitions edit

    1. Alternative form of (kǒng, hole; cave; mouth)

    Descendants edit

    Sino-Xenic ():
    • Japanese: (くう) ()
    • Korean: 공(空) (gong)
    • Vietnamese: không ()

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Compounds edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    そら
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling

    ⟨so1ra⟩ → */sʷora//sora/

    From Old Japanese, presumably from Proto-Japonic *sora.

    Found in the Kojiki c. 712 CE.[1]

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (そら) (sora

    1. the sky
      Synonym: (ten)
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    から
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Cognate with (kara, shell).[1]

    Pronunciation edit

    Prefix edit

    (から) (kara

    1. something empty
      (から)(ばこ)karabakoempty box
    2. ineffectual
      (から)()karaburiin vain
    3. false
      (から)(げん)()karagenkifalse vigor, bravado
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 3 edit

    Kanji in this term
    くう
    Grade: 1
    goon

    From Middle Chinese (MC khuwng|khuwngH).

    The Buddhist senses are a translation of Sanskrit शून्यता (śūnyatā).

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (くう) (

    1. empty air
    2. meaninglessness
    3. (Buddhism) sunyata: emptiness, vacuity, awareness, openness, thusness
    4. (Buddhism) void: one of the 五大 (godai, literally great five) and the highest of the five elements
    Derived terms edit

    Etymology 4 edit

    Kanji in this term
    うろ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry: うろ

    (The following entry is uncreated: うろ.)

    Etymology 5 edit

    Kanji in this term
    うつお
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry:

    (The following entry is uncreated: .)

    Etymology 6 edit

    Kanji in this term
    うつぼ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry: うつぼ

    (The following entry is uncreated: うつぼ.)

    References edit

    1. 1.0 1.1 1988, 国語大辞典(新装版) (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
    2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006) 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese (MC khuwng|khuwngH).

    Hanja edit

    Korean numbers (edit)
    0 1  →  10  → 
        Native isol.: (slang) (ppang)
        Sino-Korean: (yeong), (ryeong), (as digit, not number) (gong)
        Hanja: ,
    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    (eumhun (bil gong))

    1. Hanja form? of (empty; void).
    2. Hanja form? of (sky; air).
    3. Hanja form? of (zero).

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]

    Okinawan edit

    Kanji edit

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Etymology edit

    Kanji in this term
    すら
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Borrowed from Japanese (sora) (or more exactly, an earlier form of it).

    As remarked by Igarashi (2022),[1] the inherited meaning of this term in Ryukyuan languages is not "sky", but "treetop".

    Pronunciation edit

    Noun edit

    (すら) (sura

    1. (literary) the sky, heavens

    References edit

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    : Hán Việt readings: không ((khô)(công)(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
    : Nôm readings: không[1][2][3][4][5][6], khung[1][2][3], khỏng[3][7][6], khong[1], cung[3], khống[4]

    1. chữ Hán form of không (empty; void).
    2. chữ Hán form of không (air; sky).
    3. chữ Hán form of không (zero; none).

    Compounds edit

    References edit