Wiktionary

preto

See also: prêto

Galician

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Etymology

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Back-formation from apretar (“tighten, push, squeeze, compress”). The semantic evolution to "dark" comes through the sense of "tight" or "thick".[1] Another common, but less likely, etymology suggested is Vulgar Latin *prettus, from Latin pressus. Compare Portuguese preto, Asturian prietu, Spanish prieto.

Pronunciation

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Adverb

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preto

  1. near, nearby
    Antonym: lonxe
    • 1390, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Os Miragres de Santiago, Madrid: C. S. I. C, page 98:
      Et quando o diserõ a Calrros, volueuse a França et a grã presa enviou a todo los seus a longe et a preto que viesen a el.
      And when Charlemagne was told this, he returned to France and in great hurry he sent for all his, far and near, to come to him

Derived terms

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Adjective

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preto (feminine preta, masculine plural pretos, feminine plural pretas)

  1. dark, swarthy, black
    Synonyms: louro, negro
    Antonyms: branco, claro
    • 1842, Juan Manuel Pintos, Meu Querido Pai:
      Ali venden millo
      Trigo è mais centeo
      Fabas è castañas
      Roupa è trapos vellos;
      Tamen venden louza
      De côr branco e prêto,
      Hai tendas do chan
      E tamen cubertos
      Con cousas do uso
      Todas a bon prezo
      There they sell corn
      wheat and also rye
      beans and chestnuts
      clothes and old rags
      also they sell dishware
      of colour white and black,
      there they sell on the ground
      and also under cover
      with handy things
      all at a good price

References

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  • Ernesto González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “preto”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
  • Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “preto”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
  • “preto” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “preto” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “preto” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
  1. ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “prieto”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos.

Ladino

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Portuguese preto.

Adjective

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preto (Latin spelling)

  1. black

Old Galician-Portuguese

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Etymology

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From earlier *apreto, from apretar, from Late Latin appectorāre, from Latin pectus (“chest”).

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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preto m (plural pretos, feminine preta, feminine plural pretas)

  1. black
    Synonym: negro

Descendants

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  • Galician: preto
  • Ladino: preto
  • Portuguese: preto

Adverb

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preto

  1. near

Descendants

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See also

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Colors in Old Galician-Portuguese · coores, colores (layout · text)
     branco, blanco, alvo      gris      negro, preto
             vermelho              castanho              amarelo
                          verde             
                                       azur
                          cardẽo              rosa

Portuguese

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preto

Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Old Galician-Portuguese preto (“black, near”), from earlier *apreto, from apretar (Modern Portuguese apertar (“tighten, press, clamp”)), from Late Latin appectorāre, from Latin pectus (“chest”). The semantic evolution to "black" or "dark" comes through the sense of "dense" or "thick". See also the related perto. Another common, but less likely, etymology suggested is a Vulgar Latin *prettus, from pressus.[1]

Compare Galician preto, Asturian and Leonese prietu, Ladino preto, and Spanish prieto.

Pronunciation

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  • Rhymes: -etu
  • Hyphenation: pre‧to

Adjective

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preto (feminine preta, masculine plural pretos, feminine plural pretas)

  1. black; black in colour
    Synonym: (somewhat formal) negro
    O tecido preto aquece/esquenta mais rapidamente.
    Black cloth heats up more quickly.
  2. (loosely) being the darkest of its kind
    pão preto ― rye bread
    peças pretas de xadrez ― black chess pieces
    nuvem preta ― black cloud
  3. (of a person, usually offensive) black (dark-skinned)
    Synonym: negro (less offensive)
    Uma mulher preta esteve cá.
    A black woman was here.
  4. (idiomatic, of situations) bad; very adverse
    Synonyms: negro, feio, (formal) adverso
    A coisa está preta.
    The current situation is bad.

Derived terms

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Noun

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preto m (plural pretos, feminine preta, feminine plural pretas)

  1. the color black
    Synonym: negro
    O preto é a mais escura das cores.
    Black is the darkest colour.
  2. (usually offensive, ethnic slur) a black person
    Synonyms: (less offensive) negro, (Brazil, pejorative) macaco, (Brazil, pejorative) tição
    Uma preta passou por aqui.
    A black woman was here.

Descendants

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See also

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Colors in Portuguese · cores (layout · text)
     branco, alvo, cândido      cinza, gris,
cinzento 		     preto, negro, atro
             vermelho,
encarnado, rubro,
salmão; carmim 		             laranja,
cor de laranja; castanho,
marrom 		             amarelo, lúteo; creme,
ocre
             verde-limão              verde              verde-água; verde-menta
             ciano,
turquesa; azul-petróleo 		             azul-celeste              azul, índigo, anil
             violeta,
lilás 		             magenta; roxo, púrpura              rosa,
cor-de-rosa, rosa-choque

References

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  1. ^ “preto” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024.

Slovak

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Pronunciation

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Adverb

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preto

  1. therefore, hence

References

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  • “preto”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
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