z-

See also: Appendix: Variations of "z"

Translingual

Prefix

z-

(SI prefix) Abbreviation of zepto- (“10⁻²¹”).
Coordinate term: Z-

English

Prefix

z-

(computer graphics) z-axis

Derived terms

English terms prefixed with z-

Albanian

Alternative forms

zh-

Etymology

From Early Proto-Albanian *dis- > *diš- > *dš- > *tš- > s- before unvoiced phonemes, z- before voiced phonemes. It is mainly connected with the formation of verbs.^[1]^[2]

Prefix

z-

be-, to-, dis-

Derived terms

Albanian terms prefixed with z-

References

^ Schumacher, S. & Matzinger, J. Die Verben des Altalbanischen. Belegwörterbuch, Vorgeschichte und Etymologie. Harrassowitz Verlag 2013. Wiesbaden.
^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian‎^[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, pages 173-174

Czech

Etymology

z used as a prefix.

Prefix

z-

a prefix, to form perfective verbs
a prefix, indicating a change of state

Derived terms

Czech terms prefixed with z-

See also

ze-

Further reading

z-/ze- in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

Kashubian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz-, prefix form of *jьz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /z/

Prefix

z-

used to form the perfect aspect of verbs
added to verbs in various meanings

Derived terms

Kashubian terms prefixed with z-

Maltese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /t͡s/

Article

z-

Alternative form of il-

Usage notes

Used after a vowel and before the letter z. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

Navajo

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /z-/

Prefix

z-

Alternative form of si-, which marks third person of si-perfective verbs

Usage notes

This form of the affix is used with ł- classifier verbs.

Old Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /s/, /s/
IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /s/, /s/

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *jьz-

Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)

Old Polish z-

Coalescence of Proto-Slavic *jьz- and Proto-Slavic *sъ-.

Prefix

z-

attached to verbs to form verbs denoting getting something together
down from
forms perfective verbs from imperfective ones
off, out or from

Descendants

Polish: z-
Silesian: z-

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-

Proto-Slavic *sъ-

Old Polish z-

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sъ- (“good”).

Prefix

z-

(chiefly not productive) forms words with positive meanings

Derived terms

Descendants

Polish: z-
Silesian: z-

Polish

Alternative forms

s-, ś-, ze-

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /z/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -z
Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]
Homophones: s-, z

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Slavic *jьz-

Proto-Slavic *sъ(n)

Old Polish z-

Polish z-

Inherited from Old Polish z-.

Prefix

z-

used before vowels or voiced consonants, sibilants (s, sz, z, ż), as well as h and semivowels (j, ł) to form a verb in a perfective aspect from a verb in an imperfective aspect.
‎z- + ‎decydować → ‎zdecydować

‎z- + ‎dzielać → ‎zdzielać

‎z- + ‎denerwować → ‎zdenerwować

‎z- + ‎gnieść → ‎zgnieść

‎z- + ‎hańbić → ‎zhańbić

‎z- + ‎irytować → ‎zirytować

‎z- + ‎jeść → ‎zjeść

‎z- + ‎łamać → ‎złamać

‎z- + ‎martwić → ‎zmartwić

‎z- + ‎niszczyć → ‎zniszczyć

‎z- + ‎orientować → ‎zorientować

‎z- + ‎ranić → ‎zranić

‎z- + ‎robić → ‎zrobić

‎z- + ‎szokować → ‎zszokować

‎z- + ‎wiedzić → ‎zwiedzić
off, out or from
‎z- + ‎jąć (“take”) → ‎zdjąć (“take off”)

‎z- + ‎rwać (“tear”) → ‎zerwać (“tear off”)

‎z- + ‎pod (“under”) → ‎spód (“bottom”), spod (“from under”)
attached to verbs to form verbs denoting getting something together
‎z- + ‎brać → ‎zebrać

‎z- + ‎prowadzić → ‎sprowadzić

‎z- + ‎pisać → ‎spisać

‎z- + ‎grać → ‎zgrać

‎z- + ‎szyć → ‎zszyć

‎z- + ‎łączyć → ‎złączyć
down from
‎z- + ‎jazda → ‎zjazd

‎z- + ‎nosić → ‎znosić

‎z- + ‎iść → ‎zejść

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁wes-

Proto-Indo-European *h₁wésus?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁es-?

Proto-Indo-European *h₁su-

Proto-Slavic *sъ-

Old Polish z-

Polish z-

Inherited from Old Polish z-.

Prefix

z-

(not productive) forms words with positive meaning
‎z- + ‎część + ‎-e → ‎szczęście

‎z- + ‎pokój → ‎spokój

Derived terms

Polish terms prefixed with z-

zabsolutyzować

zadiektywizować

zadministrować

zalgorytmizować

zamerykanizować

zantagonizować

zautomatyzować

zautonomizować

zbagatelizować

zbiurokratyzować

zdehumanizować

zdekomunizować

zdemoralizować

zdenazyfikować

zdeprecjonować

zdestabilizować

zdezaktualizować

zdezorganizować

zdezorientować

zdyskredytować

zdywersyfikować

zdziesiątkować

zelektryfikować

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sъ(n). Prefixed form of the preposition z.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /z-/

Prefix

z-

Forms perfective verbs with the following meanings:
1. (no change in meaning)
  ‎z- + ‎budīti (“to wake”) → ‎zbudīti (“to wake”)
2. away, aside, down
  ‎z- + ‎téči (“to run”) → ‎stéči (“to run away”)
3. up
  ‎z- + ‎lẹ́sti (“to climb”) → ‎zlẹ́sti (“to climb up”)
4. together
  ‎z- + ‎varīti (“to weld”) → ‎zvarīti (“to weld together”)

Usage notes

Before voiceless consonants, the variant s- is used. Before the sibilants s or z, the variant se- is used.

Derived terms

Slovene terms prefixed with z-

Slovincian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *jьz-, prefix form of *jьz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /z/

Prefix

z-

forms perfective verbs from imperfective ones

Derived terms

Slovincian terms prefixed with z-

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