万

See also: 萬, 方, and ㄪ

万 U+4E07, 万 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E07 ← 丆 [U+4E06] CJK Unified Ideographs 丈 → [U+4E08]

Translingual

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han character

万 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一尸 (MS), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿸丆𠃌)

Derived characters

• 𭜌, 𬇕, 杤, 迈, 𥸯, 劢, 𭔩, 𫔬, 虿, 趸, 厉, 𡧊, 疠, 𬮙, 𡆭, 栃, 𮍴, 䥿

Related characters

• 萬 (Orthodox traditional form)

Descendants

• ㄪ (Zhuyin alphabet)

Further reading

• KangXi: page 76, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10
• Dae Jaweon: page 137, character 7
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 9, character 3
• Unihan data for U+4E07
• 万 on Wikidata.Wikidata

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 万
Shang	Western Zhou
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions

Unknown. Used as a tribal name in oracle inscriptions. Used as a number since the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.

Various theories have been proposed for its original meaning:

• Qu Wanli, Qiu Xigui and others propose that it originally refers to a type of dancer-musicians. This usage is attested in the oracle inscriptions. This may be supported by ancient literature, e.g. Shijing, which mentions a type of dance called 萬舞／万舞.
• Lin Yiguang proposes that it is an ancient form of 丏 (OC *meːnʔ), acting as a phonetic component in 賓 (OC *mpin).
• Some propose that it is a differentiated form of 亥.

Etymology 1

For pronunciation and definitions of 万 – see 萬 (“scorpion; etc.”). (This character, 万, is the simplified and variant form of 萬.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Compounds

• 万紐于／万纽于 (Wànniǔyú)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		万
alternative forms		𢄏

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mò (mo⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mak⁶, maak⁶
• Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): mog⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: mò
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mò
    • Wade–Giles: mo4
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: mak⁶, maak⁶
    • Yale: mahk, maahk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mak⁹, maak⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: meg⁶, mag⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐk̚²/, /mäːk̚²/
• Min Nan
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mog⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mok̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: /mək̚/

Rime
Character	万
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫北切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mək̚/
Li Rong	/mək̚/
Wang Li	/mək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mak6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*mɯːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	万
Reading #	2/2
No.	12614
Phonetic component	万
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	墨
Old Chinese	/*mɯːɡ/

Definitions

万

1. Only used in 万俟 (Mòqí).

References

• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00001

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Japanese

Shinjitai	万
Kyūjitai	萬

Kanji

万

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 萬)

Readings

As a simplification and variant of 萬:

• Go-on: もん (mon)
• Kan-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
• Kan’yō-on: まん (man, Jōyō)
• Kun: よろず (yorozu, 万)^{←よろづ (yorodu, historical)}
• Nanori: かず (kazu); かつ (katsu); すすむ (susumu); たか (taka); つむ (tsumu); つもる (tsumoru); ま (ma); ゆる (yuru); よし (yoshi)

As part of the surname 万俟:

• Go-on: もく (moku)
• Kan-on: ぼく (boku)

Compounds

• 万(まん)引(び)き (manbiki)
• 万年青(オモト) (omoto)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
万
まん Grade: 2
kan’yōon

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐn^H). Compare modern Cantonese reading 萬 (maan⁶).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ま​ん [máꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [mã̠ɴ]

Noun

万(まん) • (man) 

1. ten thousand, myriad
   • 1999 October 17, “３(さん)万(まん)年(ねん)の白(しろ)亀(メ) [30,000-Year White Turtle]”, in BOOSTER 5, Konami:

     ３(さん)万(まん)年(ねん)も生(い)きつづけている巨(きょ)大(だい)カメ。守(しゅ)備(び)力(りょく)が高(たか)い。

     Sanman-nen mo ikitsuzukete iru kyodai kame. Shubiryoku ga takai.

     A giant turtle that has lived for over 30,000 years. It has high defense strength.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 万(まん)一(いち) (man'ichi)
• 万(まん)が一(いち) (mangaichi)
• 万(まん)機(き) (manki)
• 万(まん)華(げ)鏡(きょう) (mangekyō)
• 万(まん)才(さい) (mansai)
• 万(マン)作(サク) (mansaku)
• 万(まん)善(ぜん) (manzen)
• 万(まん)全(ぜん) (manzen)
• 万(まん)灯(どう) (mandō)
• 万(まん)歩(ぽ)計(けい) (manpokei, “pedometer”)
• 万(まん)葉(よう) (man'yō)
• 万(まん)力(りき) (manriki)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
万
ばん Grade: 2
kan’on

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐn^H). Compare modern Hokkien reading 萬 (bān).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ば​ん [báꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [bã̠ɴ]

Adverb

万(ばん) • (ban) 

1. (followed by a negative) even if, never
2. (followed by a negative) no matter what

Prefix

万(ばん) • (ban-) 

1. many
2. all

Derived terms

Derived terms

• 万(ばん)感(かん) (bankan, “flood of emotions”)
• 万(ばん)軍(ぐん) (bangun)
• 万(ばん)芸(げい) (bangei, “versatility”)
• 万(ばん)古(こ) (banko, “old time, all this time, eternity”)
• 万(ばん)斛(こく) (bankoku)
• 万(ばん)劫(ごう) (bangō, “an extremely long period of time”)
• 万(ばん)死(し) (banshi, “critical state of the life”)
• 万(ばん)寿(じゅ) (banju), 万(まん)寿(じゅ) (manju, “longevity”)
• 万(ばん)丈(じょう) (banjō, “hurrah”)
• 万(ばん)乗(じょう) (banjō, “sovereignty”)
• 万(ばん)状(じょう) (banjō, “diversification”)
• 万(ばん)博(ぱく) (banpaku, “international exposition”)
• 万(ばん)万(ばん) (banban, “very much”)
• 万(ばん)民(みん) (banmin, “all the people, the entire nation”)
• 万(ばん)有(ゆう) (ban'yū)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
万
よろず Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

⟨yo₂ro₂du⟩ → */jərədu/ → /jorod͡zu/ → /jorozu/

From Old Japanese, found in the oldest sources such as the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).

Appears to be a compound or inflection, but the derivation is unclear. Possibly related to Korean 여러 (yeoreo, “several, various”), in which case the final /-du/ in the Old Japanese might be a voiced version of the generic numeral nominalizer つ (tsu).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) よ​ろず [yóꜜròzù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) よろず [yòrózú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [jo̞ɾo̞zɨᵝ]

Noun

万(よろず) • (yorozu) ^{←よろづ (yorodu)?}

1. ten thousand
2. a large number
3. all, everything

Derived terms

• 万(よろず)屋(や) (yorozuya, “general merchant”)

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Korean

Hanja

万 (eumhun 일 만 (il man))

1. Alternative form of 萬.

References

• Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo). [1]

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Vietnamese

Han character

万: Hán Việt readings: vạn
万: Nôm readings: vàn, vạn, muôn

1. Alternative form of 萬.