万

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Stroke order

Han characterEdit

万 (radical 1, 一+2, 3 strokes, cangjie input 一尸 (MS), four-corner 1022₇, composition ⿸丆𠃌)

Derived charactersEdit

𭜌, 𬇕, 杤, 迈, 𥸯, 劢, 𭔩, 𫔬, 虿, 趸, 厉, 𡧊, 疠, 𬮙, 𡆭, 栃, 䥿

Related charactersEdit

萬 (Orthodox traditional form)

DescendantsEdit

ㄪ (Zhuyin alphabet)

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 万
Shang	Western Zhou
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions

Unknown. Used as a tribal name in oracle inscriptions. Used as a number since the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods.

Various theories have been proposed for its original meaning:

Qu Wanli, Qiu Xigui and others propose that it originally refers to a type of dancer-musicians. This usage is attested in the oracle inscriptions. This may be supported by ancient literature, e.g. Shijing, which mentions a type of dance called 萬舞／万舞.
Lin Yiguang proposes that it is an ancient form of 丏 (OC *meːnʔ), acting as a phonetic component in 賓 (OC *mpin).
Some propose that it is a differentiated form of 亥.

Etymology 1Edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 万 – see 萬 (“scorpion; etc.”). (This character, 万, is the simplified form of 萬.)
Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Usage notesEdit

Also used in the trisyllabic surname 万紐于／万纽于.

Etymology 2Edit

simp. and trad.		万
alternative forms		𢄏

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): mò (mo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): mak⁶, maak⁶
Min Nan (Teochew, Peng'im): mog⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: mò
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˋ
  - Wade–Giles: mo⁴
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: moh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mò
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mwɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: mak⁶, maak⁶
  - Yale: mahk, maahk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: mak⁹, maak⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: meg⁶, mag⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɐk̚²/, /mäːk̚²/
Min Nan
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mog⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mok̚⁴/

Middle Chinese: /mək̚/

Rime
Character	万
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	德 (131)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	莫北切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/mək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/mək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/mək̚/
Li Rong	/mək̚/
Wang Li	/mək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/mək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	mak⁶

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*mɯːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	万
Reading #	2/2
No.	12614
Phonetic component	万
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	墨
Old Chinese	/*mɯːɡ/

DefinitionsEdit

万

Only used in 万俟 (Mòqí).

ReferencesEdit

Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00001

JapaneseEdit

Shinjitai	万
Kyūjitai	萬

KanjiEdit

万

(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 萬)

ReadingsEdit

As a simplification and variant of 萬:

Go-on: もん (mon)
Kan-on: ばん (ban, Jōyō)
Kan’yō-on: まん (man, Jōyō)
Kun: よろず (yorozu, 万)^{←よろづ (yorodu, historical)}
Nanori: かず (kazu); かつ (katsu); すすむ (susumu); たか (taka); つむ (tsumu); つもる (tsumoru); ま (ma); ゆる (yuru); よし (yoshi)

As part of the surname 万俟:

Go-on: もく (moku)
Kan-on: ぼく (boku)

Etymology 1Edit

Kanji in this term
万
まん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 万 (MC mʉɐn^H). Compare modern Cantonese reading maan6.

PronunciationEdit

Kan’yōyomi

(Tokyo) まん [máꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [mã̠ɴ]

NounEdit

万(まん) • (man)

ten thousand, 10,000, myriad
- 1999 October 17, “３(さん)万(まん)年(ねん)の白(しろ)亀(カメ) [30,000-Year White Turtle]”, in BOOSTER 5, Konami:
  
  ３(さん)万(まん)年(ねん)も生(い)きつづけている巨(きょ)大(だい)カメ。守(しゅ)備(び)力(りょく)が高(たか)い。
  Sanman-nen mo ikitsuzukete iru kyodai kame. Shubiryoku ga takai.
  A giant turtle that has lived for over 30,000 years. It has high defense strength.

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

万(まん)一(いち) (man'ichi, “perhaps”)
万(まん)が一(いち) (mangaichi)
万(まん)機(き) (manki, “state affairs”)
万(まん)華(げ)鏡(きょう) (mangekyō, “kaleidoscope”)
万(まん)才(さい) (mansai, “ten thousand years old”)
万(まん)作(さく) (mansaku, “witch hazel”)
万(まん)善(ぜん) (manzen, “ten thousand virtues”)
万(まん)全(ぜん) (manzen, “perfect”)
万(まん)灯(どう) (mandō, “ten thousand lights”)
万(まん)引(びき) (manbiki, “shoplifting”)
万(まん)歩(ぽ)計(けい) (manpokei, “pedometer”)
万(まん)葉(よう)仮(が)名(な) (man'yōgana)
万(まん)葉(よう)集(しゅう) (man'yōshū)
万(まん)力(りき) (manriki)

Etymology 2Edit

Kanji in this term
万
ばん Grade: 2
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 万 (MC mʉɐn^H). Compare modern Hokkien reading bān.

PronunciationEdit

On’yomi: Kan’on

(Tokyo) ばん [báꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [bã̠ɴ]

AdverbEdit

万(ばん) • (ban)

(followed by a negative) even if, never
(followed by a negative) no matter what

PrefixEdit

万(ばん) • (ban-)

many
all

Derived termsEdit

Derived terms

万(ばん)感(かん) (bankan, “flood of emotions”)
万(ばん)軍(ぐん) (bangun)
万(ばん)芸(げい) (bangei, “versatility”)
万(ばん)古(こ) (banko, “old time, all this time, eternity”)
万(ばん)斛(こく) (bankoku)
万(ばん)劫(ごう) (bangō, “an extremely long period of time”)
万(ばん)死(し) (banshi, “critical state of the life”)
万(ばん)寿(じゅ) (banju), 万(まん)寿(じゅ) (manju, “longevity”)
万(ばん)丈(じょう) (banjō, “hurrah”)
万(ばん)乗(じょう) (banjō, “sovereignty”)
万(ばん)状(じょう) (banjō, “diversification”)
万(ばん)博(ぱく) (banpaku, “international exposition”)
万(ばん)万(ばん) (banban, “very much”)
万(ばん)民(みん) (banmin, “all the people, the entire nation”)
万(ばん)有(ゆう) (ban'yū)

Etymology 3Edit

Kanji in this term
万
よろず Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
萬 (kyūjitai)

⟨yo₂ro₂du⟩ → /yorodu/ → /yorod͡zu/ → /yorozu/

From Old Japanese.^[4] Found in the oldest sources, such as the Man'yōshū (c. 759 CE).^[5]

Appears to be a compound or inflection, but the derivation is unclear. Possibly related to Korean 여러 (yeoreo, “several, various”), in which case the final /-du/ in the Old Japanese might be a voiced version of the generic numeral nominalizer つ (tsu).

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi

(Tokyo) よろず [yóꜜròzù] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]^[3]
(Tokyo) よろず [yòrózú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [jo̞ɾo̞zɨᵝ]

NounEdit

万(よろず) • (yorozu) ^{←よろづ (yorodu)^?}

Derived termsEdit

万(よろず)屋(や) (yorozuya, “general merchant”)

ReferencesEdit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4408), text here

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

万 (eumhun 일 만 (il man))

Alternative form of 萬.

ReferencesEdit

Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin-guk daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, inmyeong-yonghanjapyo). [1]

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

万: Hán Việt readings: vạn^[1]^[2]
万: Nôm readings: vàn^[2]^[3], vạn^[1], muôn^[2]

Alternative form of 萬.

ReferencesEdit

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-4] 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

[5] . 759, Man'yōshū (book 20, poem 4408), text here

[tdcntd-6] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-7] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Trần (2004).

[btcn-8] Hồ (1976).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[1]

[2]

[3]

万

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

Derived charactersEdit

Related charactersEdit

DescendantsEdit

Further readingEdit

ChineseEdit

Glyph originEdit

Etymology 1Edit

Usage notesEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

DefinitionsEdit

ReferencesEdit

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Etymology 1Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronunciationEdit

AdverbEdit

PrefixEdit

Derived termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

ReferencesEdit

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

ReferencesEdit