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萬

See also: 万
萬 U+842C, 萬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-842C
← 萫
[U+842B] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 萭 →
[U+842D]
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Contents

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

萬 (radical 140, 艸+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿田中月 (TWLB), four-corner 44427, composition ⿱艹禺)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 1042, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31339
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1501, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3247, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+842C

ChineseEdit

trad. 萬
simp. 万*
variant forms
 
万
㸘
𤍚
𢁭
𥝄
𥝅

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 萬
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
         
Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
糲 *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd
犡 *m·raːds, *m·rads
噧 *hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd
邁 *mraːds
勱 *mraːds
蠆 *m̥ʰraːds
厲 *m·rads
勵 *m·rads
礪 *m·rads
蠣 *m·rads
蠇 *m·rads
癘 *m·rads
濿 *m·rads
櫔 *m·rads
巁 *m·rads
贎 *m·rads, *mlans
萬 *mlans

This character has lost its original meaning of “scorpion”. The derivative 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word.

EtymologyEdit

Three roots can perhaps be distinguished:

  1. “Scorpion”: See 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds);
  2. “Religious dance; sorcery”: Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-man (“medicine”). Compare Tibetan སྨན (sman, “medicine; she-demons worshipped by common folk”), Burmese မန်း (man:, “utter mystic words to heal or ward off evil”);
  3. “Myriad” (10000): Schuessler (2007) considers the etymology of this sense Sino-Tibetan, and compares it with Tibetan འབུམ ('bum, “hundred thousand; complete; entire; multifarious”). Similar words are found in branches of Altaic and Tocharian; here they are treated as very old loanwords from Chinese, per Pulleyblank (apud Clauson, 1972), Beckwith (2009), Adams (2013) and Tremblay (2005).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • bhuêng7 - Chaozhou;
  • bhuang7 - Shantou.
  • Wu
    • Note:
    • 3me - colloquial (only in 萬子);
    • 3ve - literary ("ten thousand", etc.).
    Rime
    Character 萬
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 明 (4)
    Final (韻) 元 (66)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 無販切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/mʉɐnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/mʷiɐnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/miuɐnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/muanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/miuɐnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/mĭwɐnH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/mi̯wɐnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wàn
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 萬
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ mjonH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*C.ma[n]-s/
    English 10000

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 萬
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 12633
    Phonetic
    component         		萬
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		万
    Old
    Chinese         		/*mlans/

    DefinitionsEdit

    萬

    1. † Original form of 蠆／虿 (chài, “scorpion”).
    2. (historical) A ritual dance in ancient China.
    3. myriad, ten thousand, 10000
      萬歲 / 万岁  ―  wànsuì  ―  ten thousand years; hooray; long live
    4. (figuratively) a great number
    5. innumerable; numerous
    6. very; extremely; absolutely
    7. A surname​.

    See alsoEdit

    Chinese numbers
    0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 102 103 104 108 1012
    Normal
    (小寫／小写)     		〇 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 百 千 萬／万 億／亿 兆 (Taiwan)
    萬億／万亿 (Mainland China)
    Financial
    (大寫／大写)     		零 壹 貳／贰 參／叁 肆 伍 陸／陆 柒 捌 玖 拾 佰 仟

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 萬

    DescendantsEdit

    • → Altaic:
    • → Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: tmāṃ (“ten thousand”)
      • Tocharian B: t(u)māne (“ten thousand, a myriad”)
    • → Japanese: 萬 (まん) (man), 萬 (ばん) (ban, “ten thousand”)
      • → English: banzai (“Japanese battle cry; cry of enthusiasm”)
    • → Korean: 만 (萬, man, “ten thousand”)
    • → Vietnamese: muôn (“ten thousand; all, many”)
    • → Vietnamese: vạn (萬, "ten thousand; myriad")
    • → Khmer: ម៉ឺន (məɨn), ហ្មឺន (məɨn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
    • → Shan: မိုၼ်ႇ (mùen, “ten thousand”)
    • → Lao: ໝື່ນ (mư̄n), ຫມື່ນ (mư̄n, “ten thousand; official rank”)
    • → Thai: หมื่น (mʉ̀ʉn, “ten thousand; official rank”)

    JapaneseEdit

    Shinjitai

    		万

    Kyūjitai

    		萬

    KanjiEdit

    萬

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 万)

    1. ten thousand

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    萬
    よろず
    Jinmeiyō
    kun’yomi

    ⟨yo2ro2du⟩ → */jərədu/ → /jorod͡zu/ → /jorozu/

    From Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE). See 万 for more senses.

    Proper nounEdit

    萬 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 万, hiragana よろず, rōmaji Yorozu, historical hiragana よろづ)

    1. a surname

    萬 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 万, hiragana よろづ, rōmaji Yorozu)

    1. a surname

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    萬
    ばん
    Jinmeiyō
    on’yomi

    From Middle Chinese 萬 (MC mʉɐnH). See 万 for more senses.

    Proper nounEdit

    萬 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 万, hiragana ばん, rōmaji Ban)

    1. a surname

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    萬
    まん
    Jinmeiyō
    on’yomi

    Likely a shift from ban above. See 万 for more senses.

    Proper nounEdit

    萬 (kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai kanji 万, hiragana まん, rōmaji Man)

    1. a female given name
    2. a surname

    ReferencesEdit

    • New Nelson: 5103
    • Halpern: 2497
    • Halpern Learners: not listed
    • Heisig: 2969
    • Tuttle Kanji Dictionary: 0a3.8
    1. Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.


    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    萬 • (man)

    NounEdit

    萬 • (man) (hangeul 만)

    1. Hanja form? of 만 (“ten thousand”).

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    萬 (vạn, vàn, mại, muôn)

    NounEdit

    萬

    1. Hán tự form of vạn, vàn, mại, muôn, “ten thousand”
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