萬
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See also: 万
Contents
TranslingualEdit
Han characterEdit
萬 (radical 140 艸+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿田中月 (TWLB), four-corner 44427, composition ⿱艹禺)
Derived charactersEdit
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1042, character 33
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31339
- Dae Jaweon: page 1501, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3247, character 8
- Unihan data for U+842C
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 萬 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 万 | |
| alt. forms | ||
Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 萬
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bamboo and silk script | Large seal script | Small seal script |
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (萬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 糲 | *m·raːds, *m·rads, *m·raːd |
| 犡 | *m·raːds, *m·rads |
| 噧 | *hmreːds, *r̥ʰaːd |
| 邁 | *mraːds |
| 勱 | *mraːds |
| 蠆 | *m̥ʰraːds |
| 厲 | *m·rads |
| 勵 | *m·rads |
| 礪 | *m·rads |
| 蠣 | *m·rads |
| 蠇 | *m·rads |
| 癘 | *m·rads |
| 濿 | *m·rads |
| 櫔 | *m·rads |
| 巁 | *m·rads |
| 贎 | *m·rads, *mlans |
| 萬 | *mlans |
This character has lost its original meaning of “scorpion”. The derivative 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds) refers to the original word.
EtymologyEdit
Three roots can perhaps be distinguished:
- “Scorpion”: See 蠆 (OC *m̥ʰraːds);
- “Religious dance; sorcery”: Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-man (“medicine”). Compare Tibetan སྨན (sman, “medicine; she-demons worshipped by common folk”), Burmese မန်း (man:, “utter mystic words to heal or ward off evil”);
- “Ten thousand”: Schuessler (2007) considers the etymology of this sense Sino-Tibetan, and compares it with Tibetan འབུམ ('bum, “hundred thousand; complete; entire; multifarious”). Similar words are found in branches of Altaic and Tocharian; here they are treated as very old loanwords from Chinese, per Pulleyblank (apud Clauson, 1972), Beckwith (2009), Adams (2013) and Tremblay (2005).
PronunciationEdit
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): maan6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): van
- Min Dong (BUC): uâng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): me (T3); ve (T3)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˋ
- Wade-Giles: wan4
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wann
- IPA (key): /u̯a̠n⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: maan6
- Yale: maahn
- Cantonese Pinyin: maan6
- Guangdong Romanization: man6
- IPA (key): /mɑːn²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: van
- Hakka Romanization System: van
- Hagfa Pinyim: van4
- IPA: /van⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: uâng
- IPA (key): /uɑŋ²⁴²/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note:
- bhuêng7 - Chaozhou;
- bhuang7 - Shantou.
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: me (T3); ve (T3)
- IPA (key): /me̞²³/, /v̻e̞²³/
- (Shanghainese)
Note:
- 3me - colloquial (only in 萬子);
- 3ve - literary ("ten thousand", etc.).
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 萬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 無販切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/mʉɐnH/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/mʷiɐnH/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/miuɐnH/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/muanH/ |
| Li Rong |
/miuɐnH/ |
| Wang Li |
/mĭwɐnH/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/mi̯wɐnH/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
wàn |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 萬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
wàn |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ mjonH › |
| Old Chinese |
/*C.ma[n]-s/ |
| English | 10000 |
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Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
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| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 萬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12633 |
| Phonetic component |
萬 |
| Rime group |
元 |
| Rime subdivision |
1 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
万 |
| Old Chinese |
/*mlans/ |
DefinitionsEdit
萬
- † Original form of 蠆／虿 (chài, “scorpion”).
- (historical) A ritual dance in ancient China.
- ten thousand
- (figuratively) a great number
- innumerable; numerous
- very; extremely; absolutely
- A surname.
See alsoEdit
| Chinese numbers | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 102 | 103 | 104 | 108 | 1012 | |
| Cardinal | 〇 | 一 | 二 | 三 | 四 | 五 | 六 | 七 | 八 | 九 | 十 | 百 | 千 | 萬 万 |
億 亿 |
兆 万亿 |
| Financial | 零 | 壹 | 貳 贰 |
參 叁 |
肆 | 伍 | 陸 陆 |
柒 | 捌 | 玖 | 拾 | 佰 | 仟 | 萬 万 |
億 亿 |
兆 万亿 |
CompoundsEdit
Derived terms from 萬
DescendantsEdit
- → Altaic:
- → Chinese: 頭曼 (OC *doː moːn, “Touman, the first leader (chanyu) of the Xiongnu”)
- Proto-Turkic: *Tümen (“ten thousand; an infinitely large number”)
- Turkish: tümen (“ten thousand”)
- Middle Mongolian: ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠨ (tümen, “ten thousand”)
- Tungusic:
- Korean: 즈믄 (jeumeun, “(obsolete) thousand”)
- Japanese: 千 (chi, “thousand”)
- → Tocharian:
- → Japanese: 萬 (man), 萬 (ban, “ten thousand”)
- → English: banzai (“Japanese battle cry; cry of enthusiasm”)
- → Korean: 만 (萬, man, “ten thousand”)
- → Vietnamese: muôn (“ten thousand; all, many”)
- → Vietnamese: vạn (萬, "ten thousand; myriad")
- → Khmer: ម៉ឺន (mœn), ហ្មឺន (mœn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
- → Shan: မိုၼ်ႇ (muen2, “ten thousand”)
- → Lao: ໝື່ນ (mư̄n), ຫມື່ນ (mư̄n, “ten thousand; official rank”)
- → Thai: หมื่น (mʉ̀ʉn, “ten thousand; official rank”)
JapaneseEdit
| 万 | |
| 萬 |
KanjiEdit
萬
(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 万)
ReadingsEdit
- Goon: もん (mon)
- Kan’on: ばん (ban)
- Kan’yōon: まん (man)
- Kun: よろず (yorozu, 萬)←よろづ (yorodu, historical)
- Nanori: かず (kazu); かつ (katsu); すすむ (susumu); たか (taka); つむ (tsumu); つもる (tsumoru); ま (ma); ゆる (yuru); よし (yoshi)
ReferencesEdit
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- Source: EDICT and KANJIDIC files licensed by the Electronic Dictionaries Research Group.