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Japanese
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Pronunciation
editEtymology 1
editDerived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 川 in the cursive sōsho style.
Syllable
edit- The hiragana syllable つ (tsu). Its equivalent in katakana is ツ (tsu). It is the eighteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is た行う段 (ta-gyō u-dan, “row ta, section u”).
See also
edit- (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, ゆゅ, よょ, ら, り, る, れ, ろ, わゎ, ゐ, ゑ, を, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ
- とぅ (tu)
Etymology 2
edit⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/
From Old Japanese. According to one theory (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?), shortened from 棄つ (utsu, “to throw away, to discard”).
Suffix
edit- (Classical Japanese) indicates the completion of an action
- (Classical Japanese) indicates certainty
- (Classical Japanese) indicates affirmation
- (Classical Japanese, in the form ...tsu ...tsu) shows parallel action
Usage notes
edit- 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”). Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb.
- つ (tsu) is mainly used with transitive verbs while ぬ (nu) is mainly used with intransitive verbs.
- This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.
Conjugation
editDerived terms
editEtymology 3
edit⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/
From Old Japanese.
There were some variants found in the old documents, starting with alveolar consonants like の (no), な (na), す (su), し (shi), て (te) etc.[1]
Yamada (1913) proposed that it is cognate with Old Korean 叱 (-s) (whence Middle Korean ㅅ (-s)). [2] However, the phonology does not match, and there is a distinct vestigial medial -s- that appears in certain ancient Japanese terms, such as 春雨 (harusame, possibly haru ("spring") + -s- (genitive) + ame ("rain")), 新稲 (nīshine, possibly nī ("new") + -s- (genitive) + ine ("rice")), 真青 (masao, possibly ma ("true, real") + -s- (genitive) + ao ("blue")).
Particle
edit- (archaic, obsolete) genitive or possessive marker
- 豊葦原中国
- Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
- Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
- 天つ風
- ama tsu kaze
- wind blowing from the heavens
- 国つ神
- kuni tsu kami
- kami of the land
- 豊葦原中国
Usage notes
editA few terms in modern Japanese have been derived from the possessive marker tsu:
- 目 (ma, “eye”, combining form) + つ (tsu) + 毛 (ke, “hair”) → 睫 (matsuge, “eyelashes”)
- 身 (mi, “body”) + つ (tsu) + 柄 (kara, “design → by itself”) → 自ら (mizukara, “personally, oneself”)
See also
editEtymology 4
editAlternative spellings |
---|
個 箇 |
From Old Japanese.
Counter
edit- suffixed to Japanese numerals hito-, futa-, mi-, ... , kokono-, used to count almost anything
- Synonym: 個 (-ko)
Derived terms
editJapanese counter/suffix: つ (tsu) | |||
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Number | Kanji | Kana | Romaji |
1 | 一つ | ひとつ | hitotsu |
2 | 二つ | ふたつ | futatsu |
3 | 三つ | みっつ、みつ | mittsu, mitsu |
4 | 四つ | よっつ、よつ | yottsu, yotsu |
5 | 五つ | いつつ | itsutsu |
6 | 六つ | むっつ、むつ | muttsu, mutsu |
7 | 七つ | ななつ | nanatsu |
8 | 八つ | やっつ、やつ | yattsu, yatsu |
9 | 九つ | ここのつ | kokonotsu |
? | 幾つ | いくつ | ikutsu |
See also
editEtymology 5
editFor pronunciation and definitions of つ – see the following entries. | ||
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(This term, つ (tsu), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as つ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as つ.) |
Etymology 6
editProbably from kaomoji such as (´・ω・)つ旦, which represents serving tea.
Symbol
editつ
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Choi Kun-Sik (崔建植) (1999) “上代籍帳の人名における連体助詞「つ」について”, in 文学史研究 40[1]
- ^ Yamada, Yoshio (1913) 奈良朝文法史
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