つ
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JapaneseEdit
Stroke order | |||
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PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Derived in the Heian period from writing the man'yōgana kanji 川 in the cursive sōsho style.
SyllableEdit
つ (romaji tsu)
- The hiragana syllable つ (tsu). Its equivalent in katakana is ツ (tsu). It is the eighteenth syllable in the gojūon order; its position is た行う段 (ta-gyō u-dan, “row ta, section u”).
See alsoEdit
- (Hiragana) 平仮名; あぁ, いぃ, うぅゔ, えぇ, おぉ, かゕが, きぎ, くぐ, けゖげ, こ𛄲ご, さざ, しじ, すず, せぜ, そぞ, ただ, ちぢ, つっづ, てで, とど, な, に, ぬ, ね, の, はばぱ, ひびぴ, ふぶぷ, へべぺ, ほぼぽ, ま, み, む, め, も, やゃ, 𛀆, ゆゅ, 𛀁, よょ, らら゚, りり゚, るる゚, れれ゚, ろろ゚, わゎわ゙, ゐ𛅐ゐ゙, 𛄟, ゑ𛅑ゑ゙, を𛅒を゙, ん, ー, ゝ, ゞ, ゟ
- とぅ (tu)
Etymology 2Edit
⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/
From Old Japanese. According to one theory, shortened from 棄つ (<utu> → utsu, “throw away, discard”).
SuffixEdit
- (Classical Japanese) indicates the completion of an action
- (Classical Japanese) indicates certainty
- (Classical Japanese) indicates affirmation
- (Classical Japanese, in the form ...tsu ...tsu) shows parallel action
Usage notesEdit
- 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”). Attaches to the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of a verb.
- つ (tsu) is mainly used with transitive verbs while ぬ (nu) is mainly used with intransitive verbs.
- This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞 (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.
ConjugationEdit
Stem forms | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Irrealis (未然形) | て | te | ||
Continuative (連用形) | て | te | ||
Terminal (終止形) | つ | tu | ||
Attributive (連体形) | つる | turu | ||
Realis (已然形) | つれ | ture | ||
Imperative (命令形) | てよ | teyo | ||
Key constructions | ||||
Negative | ざりつ[1] | zaritu | ||
Contrasting conjunction | つれど | turedo | ||
Causal conjunction | つれば | tureba | ||
Conditional conjunction | てば | teba | ||
[1]Perfect tense of ず. |
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 3Edit
⟨tu⟩ → /t͡su/
From Old Japanese.
There were some variants found in the old documents, starting with alveolar consonants like の (no), な (na), す (su), し (shi), て (te) etc.[1]
Yamada (1913) proposed that it is cognate with Old Korean 叱 (-s) (whence Middle Korean ㅅ (-s)). [2] However, the phonology does not match, and there is a distinct vestigial medial -s- that appears in certain ancient Japanese terms, such as 春雨 (harusame, possibly haru ("spring") + -s- (genitive) + ame ("rain")), 新稲 (nīshine, possibly nī ("new") + -s- (genitive) + ine ("rice")), 真青 (masao, possibly ma ("true, real") + -s- (genitive) + ao ("blue")).
ParticleEdit
- (archaic, obsolete) genitive or possessive marker
- 豊葦原中国
- Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
- Toyoashihara no Nakatsukuni
- 天つ風
- ama tsu kaze
- wind blowing from the heavens
- 豊葦原中国
Usage notesEdit
A few terms in modern Japanese have been derived from the possessive marker tsu:
- 目 (ma, “eye”, combining form) + つ (tsu) + 毛 (ke, “hair”) → 睫 (matsuge, “eyelashes”)
- 身 (mi, “body”) + つ (tsu) + 柄 (kara, “design → by itself”) → 自ら (mizukara, “personally, oneself”)
See alsoEdit
Etymology 4Edit
From Old Japanese.
Alternative formsEdit
CounterEdit
- suffixed to Japanese numerals hito-, futa-, mi-, ... , kokono-, used to count almost anything
- Synonym: 個 (-ko)
Derived termsEdit
Japanese number-counter combinations for つ (tsu) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | How many? |
一つ (hitotsu) | 二つ (futatsu) | 三つ (mittsu) 三つ (mitsu) |
四つ (yottsu) 四つ (yotsu) |
五つ (itsutsu) | 六つ (muttsu) 六つ (mutsu) |
七つ (nanatsu) | 八つ (yattsu) 八つ (yatsu) |
九つ (kokonotsu) | 幾つ (ikutsu) |
See alsoEdit
Etymology 5Edit
NounEdit
Proper nounEdit
- 津: a place name
- 津: a surname
Etymology 6Edit
NounEdit
Etymology 7Edit
Probably from kaomoji such as (´・ω・)つ旦, which represents serving tea.
SymbolEdit
つ
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Choi Kun-Sik (崔建植) (1999), “上代籍帳の人名における連体助詞「つ」について”, in 文学史研究 40[1]
- ^ Yamada, Yoshio (1913) 奈良朝文法史