犬

See also: 大 and 太

犬	U+72AC, 犬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AC

← 犫
[U+72AB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

犭 →
[U+72AD]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order

Alternative formsEdit

犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are a 3-stroke form from a 4-stroke character.

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 94 犬

犬 (radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 4303₀, composition ⿺大丶)

Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.

Derived charactersEdit

Index:Chinese radical/犬
默 (黙) 䭾

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 705, character 27
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 1
Unihan data for U+72AC

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		犬

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 犬
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (犬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
猚	ŋreːl, rulʔ
畎	*kʷeːnʔ
汱	*kʷeːnʔ
甽	kljuns, kʷeːnʔ
犬	*kʰʷeːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) The side view of a dog.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”).

This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most dialects except Min Dong, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other dialects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): quǎn (quan³)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun²
Gan (Wiktionary): qyon³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khién / khián

(Meixian, Guangdong): kian³
Jin (Wiktionary): qye¹
Min Bei (KCR): kṳǐng
Min Dong (BUC): kēng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): khián

(Teochew, Peng'im): kiêng² / kiang²
Wu (Wiktionary): qyoe (T2)
Xiang (Wiktionary): qye³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: quǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˇ
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüan³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheuan
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyuǎn
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰɥɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: hyun²
  - Yale: hyún
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hyn²
  - Guangdong Romanization: hün²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyːn³⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qyon³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khién
  - Hakka Romanization System: kien`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en³¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khián
  - Hakka Romanization System: kian`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kian³
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯an³¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: kian³
  - Sinological IPA: /cʰian³¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qye¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kṳǐng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyiŋ²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: kēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰɛiŋ³³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khián
  - Tâi-lô: khián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiern
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kiêng² / kiang²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiéng / khiáng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰieŋ⁵²/, /kʰiaŋ⁵²/

Note:

kiêng2 - Chaozhou;
kiang2 - Shantou.

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: qyoe (T2)
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyø³⁴/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: qye³
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰye̞⁴¹/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 犬
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰyan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰyan²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰyan¹³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰyɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕyan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰyɛn⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰian⁴²/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰyen²¹²/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰyĩ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰye̞⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰye⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰyø³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiø⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰz̩ʷõ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰye³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰyɛ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰian³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/kʰien³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hyn³⁵/
	Nanning	/hyn³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hyn³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰian⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰɛiŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰyiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰuaŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xin³¹/ /kau²¹³/ 訓狗

Middle Chinese: /kʰwen^X/

Rime
Character	犬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	先 (86)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	苦泫切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰwen^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷen^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɛn^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwɛn^X/
Li Rong	/kʰuen^X/
Wang Li	/kʰiwen^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰiwen^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	quǎn

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷeːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	quǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ khwen^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷʰˁ[e][n]ʔ/
English	dog
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犬
Reading #	1/1
No.	10736
Phonetic component	犬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	犬
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷeːnʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

A dog (a Labrador)

犬

(literary or Min Dong, dialectal Wu) dog

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“dog”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		犬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		狗
Taxonomic name		犬
Mandarin	Beijing	狗
	Taiwan	狗
	Tianjin	狗
	Harbin	狗
	Jinan	狗
	Muping	狗子, 狗
	Luoyang	狗
	Wanrong	狗
	Xi'an	狗
	Xining	狗
	Xuzhou	狗
	Yinchuan	狗
	Lanzhou	狗
	Ürümqi	狗
	Wuhan	狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated
	Chengdu	狗
	Guiyang	狗
	Guilin	狗
	Liuzhou	狗
	Yangzhou	狗, 狗子
	Nanjing	狗
	Hefei	狗
	Nantong	狗子
	Malaysia	狗
	Singapore	狗
Cantonese	Guangzhou	狗
	Hong Kong	狗
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	狗
	Macau	狗
	Foshan	狗
	Shunde	狗
	Zhongshan (Shiqi)	狗
	Doumen (Shangheng Tanka)	狗
	Taishan	狗
	Kaiping (Chikan)	狗
	Dongguan	狗
	Shaoguan	狗
	Yunfu	狗
	Yangjiang	狗
	Xinyi	狗
	Lianjiang	狗
	Nanning	狗
	Wuzhou	狗
	Yulin	狗
	Hepu	狗
	Kuala Lumpur	狗
	Singapore	狗
Gan	Nanchang	狗
	Lichuan	狗
	Pingxiang	狗
Hakka	Meixian	狗
	Luchuan	狗
	Changting	狗
	Yudu	狗子
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	狗仔
	Liudui (S. Sixian)	狗仔
	Hsinchu (Hailu)	狗, 狗仔
	Dongshi (Dabu)	狗
	Hsinchu (Raoping)	狗
	Yunlin (Zhao'an)	狗
	Hong Kong	狗
	Sabah	狗
	Senai	狗
	Singkawang	狗
Huizhou	Jixi	狗
Jin	Taiyuan	狗兒, 狗
Jin	Xinzhou	狗
Min Bei	Jian'ou	狗仔, 狗
Min Dong	Fuzhou	犬, 犬囝
	Changle	犬
	Fuqing	犬
	Pingtan	犬
	Yongtai	犬
	Gutian	犬
	Fu'an	犬
	Ningde	犬
	Shouning	犬
	Zhouning	犬
	Fuding	犬
	Matsu	犬
Min Nan	Xiamen	狗
	Quanzhou	狗
	Zhangzhou	狗
	Taipei	狗
	Kaohsiung	狗
	Tainan	狗仔
	Taichung	狗
	Wuqi	狗
	Hsinchu	狗
	Taitung	狗
	Lukang	狗
	Yilan	狗
	Magong	狗
	Penang (Hokkien)	狗
	Singapore (Hokkien)	狗
	Philippines (Manila Hokkien)	狗
	Pingnan (Shangdu)	狗
	Chaozhou	狗
	Shantou	狗
	Haifeng	狗
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	狗
	Wenchang	狗
	Singapore (Teochew)	狗
	Haikou	狗
	Leizhou	狗
Puxian Min	Putian	狗
Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	狗
Pinghua	Guilin (Dahe)	狗
Wu	Shanghai	狗, 汪汪狗 childish
	Suzhou	狗
	Hangzhou	狗
	Wenzhou	狗, 𡀿𡀿 childish
	Chongming	狗
	Danyang	狗子
	Jinhua	狗
Xiang	Changsha	狗
	Shuangfeng	狗
	Loudi	狗
	Quanzhou	狗

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 犬

北極犬／北极犬
反犬旁 (fǎnquǎnpáng)
反犬旁兒／反犬旁儿 (fǎnquǎnpángr)
名犬
喪家之犬／丧家之犬 (sàngjiāzhīquǎn)
嚮導犬／向导犬
土雞瓦犬／土鸡瓦犬
大犬星座
小犬 (xiǎoquǎn)
德國狼犬／德国狼犬
悲犬咸陽／悲犬咸阳
惡犬／恶犬
放鷹逐犬／放鹰逐犬
東門黃犬／东门黄犬
桀犬吠堯／桀犬吠尧
淮南雞犬／淮南鸡犬
烹犬藏弓
牧羊犬 (mùyángquǎn, “collie, shepherd dog”)
犬不夜吠
犬儒學派／犬儒学派
犬兔俱斃／犬兔俱毙
犬吠之盜／犬吠之盗
犬吠之警
犬子 (quǎnzǐ)
犬彘
犬彘之食
犬戎 (Quǎnróng)
犬母
犬牙 (quǎnyá, “canine tooth”)
犬牙交錯／犬牙交错 (quǎnyájiāocuò)
犬牙差互

聲色犬馬／声色犬马 (shēngsèquǎnmǎ)
臺灣犬／台湾犬
蜀犬吠日
蝴蝶犬 (húdiéquǎn)
見兔顧犬／见兔顾犬
警犬 (jǐngquǎn, “police dog”)
豚兒犬子／豚儿犬子
豚犬 (túnquǎn)
越犬吠雪
跖犬吠堯／跖犬吠尧
軍犬／军犬
邑犬群吠
野犬 (yěquǎn)
陶犬瓦雞／陶犬瓦鸡
雞犬不寧／鸡犬不宁 (jīquǎnbùníng)
雞犬不留／鸡犬不留
雞犬不驚／鸡犬不惊 (jīquǎnbùjīng)
雞犬俱升／鸡犬俱升
雞犬升天／鸡犬升天 (jīquǎnshēngtiān)
雞犬桑麻／鸡犬桑麻
雞犬皆仙／鸡犬皆仙
雞犬相聞／鸡犬相闻
雞鳴犬吠／鸡鸣犬吠
顧犬補牢／顾犬补牢
飛鷹走犬／飞鹰走犬
驢鳴犬吠／驴鸣犬吠
鬆獅犬／松狮犬 (sōngshīquǎn, “chow chow”)
鬥犬／斗犬
鷹犬／鹰犬 (yīngquǎn, “dogs that hunt eagle”)
黃犬音／黄犬音 (“news”)

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

ReadingsEdit

Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)^{←けん (ken, historical)}^{←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)^{←けん (ken, historical)}^{←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
Kun: いぬ (inu, 犬, Jōyō)

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

一(いっ)犬(けん) (ikken): one dog
雌(めす)犬(いぬ) (mesuinu)
雄(お)犬(いぬ) (oinu), 牡(お)犬(いぬ) (oinu)
家(いえ)犬(いぬ) (ieinu)
野(や)犬(けん) (yaken)
子(こ)犬(いぬ) (koinu), 小(こ)犬(いぬ) (koinu), 仔(こ)犬(いぬ) (koinu)
愛(あい)犬(けん) (aiken)
犬(いぬ)ちゃん (inu-chan)
秋(あき)田(た)犬(いぬ) (Akita inu), 秋(あき)田(た)犬(けん) (Akita ken)
土佐(とさ)犬(いぬ) (Tosa inu), 土佐(とさ)犬(いぬ) (Tosa inu)
柴(しば)犬(いぬ) (Shiba inu), 柴犬(しばけん) (Shiba ken)
猟(りょう)犬(けん) (ryōken)
狛(こま)犬(いぬ) (komainu)
狩(しゅ)猟(りょう)犬(けん) (shuryōken)
警(けい)察(さつ)犬(けん) (keisatsuken)
攻(こう)撃(げき)犬(けん) (kōgekiken)
三(さん)頭(とう)犬(けん) (santōken)
犬(いぬ)張(はり)子(こ) (inuhariko, “papier-mâché dog doll”)
老(ろう)犬(けん) (rōken): old dog
豚(とん)犬(けん) (tonken): pig and dog; fool; my child
犬(けん)吠(ばい) (kenbai): the barking of a dog, or the sound thereof

EtymologyEdit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

犬

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Dog

Wikipedia

犬 (inu): various kinds of dog.

Kanji in this term
犬
いぬ Grade: 1
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling	狗

From Old Japanese. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.

PronunciationEdit

Kun’yomi
- (Tokyo) いぬ [ìnúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]^[2]
- IPA^(key): [inɯ̟ᵝ]