Wiktionary

犬

See also: 大 and 太
犬 U+72AC, 犬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AC
← 犫
[U+72AB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 犭 →
[U+72AD]
⽝ U+2F5D, ⽝
KANGXI RADICAL DOG
← ⽜
[U+2F5C] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽞ →
[U+2F5E]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

  • 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are 3-stroke forms from 4-stroke characters.

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 94 犬

犬 (Kangxi radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 43030, composition ⿺大丶)

  1. Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 705, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+72AC

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 犬

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 犬
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
           
Characters in the same phonetic series (犬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猚 *ŋreːl, *rulʔ
畎 *kʷeːnʔ
汱 *kʷeːnʔ
甽 *kljuns, *kʷeːnʔ
犬 *kʰʷeːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) – the side view of a dog.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”).

This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most topolects except Min Dong, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other topolects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • kiêng2 - Chaozhou;
  • kiang2 - Shantou.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 犬
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰyan²¹⁴/
    Harbin /t͡ɕʰyan²¹³/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕʰyan¹³/
    Jinan /t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
    Xining /t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰyɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕyan⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕʰyɛn⁴²/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕʰian⁴²/
    Kunming /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁵³/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕʰyen²¹²/
    Hefei /t͡ɕʰyĩ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕʰye̞⁵³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕʰye⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰyø³⁵/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕʰiø⁵¹/
    Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷõ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰye³⁵/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕʰyɛ³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /kʰian³¹/
    Taoyuan /kʰien³¹/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /hyn³⁵/
    Nanning /hyn³⁵/
    Hong Kong /hyn³⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰian⁵³/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɛiŋ³²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰyiŋ²¹/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰuaŋ⁵³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /xin³¹/
    /kau²¹³/ 訓狗
    Rime
    Character 犬
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
    Final (韻) 先 (86)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) IV
    Fanqie 苦泫切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kʰwenX/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kʰʷenX/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kʰuɛnX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kʰwɛnX/
    Li
    Rong         		/kʰuenX/
    Wang
    Li         		/kʰiwenX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/kʰiwenX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		quǎn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hyun2
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 犬
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		quǎn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ khwenX ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]ʷʰˁ[e][n]ʔ/
    English dog

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 犬
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 10736
    Phonetic
    component         		犬
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		2
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		犬
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kʰʷeːnʔ/

    DefinitionsEdit

     
    A dog (a Labrador)

    犬

    1. (formal or in compounds or Min Dong, Waxiang, dialectal Wu) dog

    SynonymsEdit

    Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“dog”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 犬
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 狗
    Taxonomic name 犬
    Mandarin Beijing 狗
    Taiwan 狗
    Tianjin 狗
    Harbin 狗
    Muping 狗子, 狗
    Jinan 狗
    Luoyang 狗
    Wanrong 狗
    Xi'an 狗
    Dingbian 狗
    Yinchuan 狗
    Lanzhou 狗
    Xining 狗
    Ürümqi 狗
    Yanqi 狗
    Wuhan 狗子, 狗狗 childish, 來富 dated
    Chengdu 狗
    Chongqing 狗, 狗兒
    Guiyang 狗
    Guilin 狗
    Liuzhou 狗
    Xuzhou 狗
    Yangzhou 狗, 狗子
    Nanjing 狗
    Hefei 狗
    Nantong 狗子
    Malaysia 狗
    Singapore 狗
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 狗
    Cantonese Guangzhou 狗
    Hong Kong 狗
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 狗
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 狗
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 狗
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 狗
    Macau 狗
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 狗
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 狗
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 狗
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 狗
    Foshan 狗
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 狗
    Foshan (Shunde) 狗
    Foshan (Sanshui) 狗
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 狗
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 狗
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 狗
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 狗
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 狗
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 狗
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 狗
    Taishan 狗
    Kaiping (Chikan) 狗
    Enping (Niujiang) 狗
    Heshan (Yayao) 狗
    Dongguan 狗
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 狗
    Shaoguan 狗
    Yunfu 狗
    Yangjiang 狗
    Xinyi 狗
    Lianjiang 狗
    Nanning 狗
    Wuzhou 狗
    Yulin 狗
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 狗
    Beihai 狗
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 狗
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 狗
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 狗
    Penang (Guangfu) 狗
    Singapore (Guangfu) 狗
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 狗
    Móng Cái 狗
    Gan Nanchang 狗
    Lichuan 狗
    Pingxiang 狗
    Hakka Meixian 狗, 無角羊
    Dabu (Gaobei) 狗
    Fengshun (Tangkeng) 狗
    Fengshun (Fengliang) 狗
    Fengshun (Pantian) 狗
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 狗
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 狗
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 狗
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 狗
    Conghua (Lütian) 狗
    Changting 狗
    Yudu 狗子
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狗仔
    Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian) 狗仔
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu) 狗, 狗仔
    Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu) 狗
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping) 狗
    Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an) 狗
    Hong Kong 狗
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 狗
    Sabah (Longchuan) 狗
    Senai (Huiyang) 狗
    Kuching (Hepo) 狗
    Singkawang 狗
    Huizhou Jixi 狗
    Jin Taiyuan 狗兒, 狗
    Xinzhou 狗
    Min Bei Jian'ou 狗仔, 狗
    Min Dong Fuzhou 犬, 犬囝
    Changle 犬
    Fuqing 犬
    Yongtai 犬
    Gutian 犬
    Fu'an 犬
    Ningde 犬
    Shouning 犬
    Zhouning 犬
    Fuding 犬
    Matsu 犬
    Min Nan Xiamen 狗
    Quanzhou 狗
    Zhangzhou 狗
    Zhao'an 狗
    Kaohsiung 狗
    Yilan 狗
    Changhua (Lukang) 狗
    Taichung 狗
    Taichung (Wuqi) 狗
    Tainan 狗仔
    Taitung 狗
    Hsinchu 狗
    Penghu (Magong) 狗
    Penang (Hokkien) 狗
    Singapore (Hokkien) 狗
    Manila (Hokkien) 狗
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 狗
    Chaozhou 狗
    Shantou 狗
    Haifeng 狗
    Bangkok (Teochew) 狗
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 狗
    Singapore (Teochew) 狗
    Leizhou 狗
    Wenchang 狗
    Haikou 狗
    Singapore (Hainanese) 狗
    Puxian Min Putian 狗
    Xianyou 狗
    Min Zhong Yanping (Wangtai) 狗
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 狗
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 狗, 地羊 dated, euphemistic
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 狗
    Shehua Fu'an 狗
    Fuding 狗
    Luoyuan 狗
    Sanming 狗
    Shunchang 狗
    Hua'an 狗
    Guixi (Zhangping) 狗
    Cangnan 狗
    Jingning 狗
    Lishui 狗
    Longyou 狗
    Chaozhou 狗
    Fengshun 狗
    Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 犬
    Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 犬
    Luxi (Baisha) 犬
    Luxi (Liangjiatan) 犬
    Luxi (Lijiatian) 犬
    Chengbu (Xuntou) 犬
    Wu Shanghai 狗, 汪汪狗 childish
    Shanghai (Chongming) 狗
    Suzhou 狗
    Danyang 狗子
    Hangzhou 狗
    Ningbo 黃狗
    Wenzhou 狗, 𡀿𡀿 childish
    Jinhua 狗
    Xiang Changsha 狗
    Xiangxiang 狗
    Loudi 狗
    Shuangfeng 狗
    Quanzhou 狗

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 犬

    DescendantsEdit

    • Bai: *qʰuaŋ²

    ReferencesEdit

    Further readingEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    犬

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. a dog
    2. the dog radical (いぬ)

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    EtymologyEdit

     
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
     
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
     
    犬 (inu): various kinds of dog.
    Kanji in this term
    犬
    いぬ
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi
    Alternative spelling
    狗

    From Old Japanese. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    犬(いぬ) • (inu)  (counter 匹)

    1. dog; canine
      犬(いぬ)に毎(まい)日(にち)餌(えさ)を上(あ)げて下(くだ)さい。
      Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
      Please feed the dog every day.
    2. one who is loyal (like a dog)
    3. a spy

    Usage notesEdit

    As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イヌ.

    DescendantsEdit

    • → Yami: ino

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    KoreanEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    From Middle Chinese 犬 (MC kʰwenX).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 ᄏᆑᆫ〯 (Yale: khyyěn)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 가히〮 (Yale: kàhí) 견〯 (Yale: kyěn)

    PronunciationEdit

    HanjaEdit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    犬 (eumhun 개 견 (gae gyeon))

    1. Hanja form? of 견 (“dog”). [noun; affix]

    Derived termsEdit

    Compounds

    ReferencesEdit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    MiyakoEdit

    KanjiEdit

    犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

    NounEdit

    犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

    1. dog

    Northern Amami-OshimaEdit

    KanjiEdit

    犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

    NounEdit

    犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

    1. dog

    OkinawanEdit

    KanjiEdit

    犬

    (grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    ReadingsEdit

    EtymologyEdit

    Kanji in this term
    犬
    いん
    Grade: 1
    kun’yomi

    Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    犬 (hiragana いん, rōmaji in)

    1. dog (Canis familiaris); domestic dog

    CompoundsEdit

    • 犬子 (いんぐゎー, ingwā, “puppy, small dog”)

    ReferencesEdit

    • “いん【犬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Southern Amami-OshimaEdit

    KanjiEdit

    犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

    EtymologyEdit

    Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).

    NounEdit

    犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

    1. dog

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    犬: Hán Việt readings: khuyển[1][2]
    犬: Nôm readings: khuyển[1][3][4], chó[2]

    1. Nôm form of chó (“dog”).

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
    3. ^ Bonet (1899).
    4. ^ Génibrel (1898).
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