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犬

See also: 大 and 太
犬 U+72AC, 犬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AC
← 犫
[U+72AB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 犭 →
[U+72AD]

Contents

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Alternative formsEdit

  • 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are a 3-stroke form from a 4-stroke character.

Han characterEdit

See images of
Radical 94 犬

犬 (radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 43030, composition ⿺大丶)

  1. Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 705, character 27
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1331, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+72AC

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 犬
 
A dog (a Labrador)

Glyph originEdit

Historical forms of the character 犬
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
           
Characters in the same phonetic series (犬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猚 *ŋreːl, *rulʔ
畎 *kʷeːnʔ
汱 *kʷeːnʔ
甽 *kljuns, *kʷeːnʔ
犬 *kʰʷeːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) The side view of a dog.

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”).

This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most dialects except Min Dong, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other dialects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

PronunciationEdit

  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 犬
Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕʰyan²¹⁴/
Harbin /t͡ɕʰyan²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡ɕʰyan¹³/
Jinan /t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
Xining /t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
Yinchuan /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡ɕʰyɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /t͡ɕyan⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡ɕʰyɛn⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡ɕʰian⁴²/
Kunming /t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁵³/
Nanjing /t͡ɕʰyen²¹²/
Hefei /t͡ɕʰyĩ²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡ɕʰye̞⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡ɕʰye⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕʰyø³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡ɕʰiø⁵¹/
Hangzhou /t͡sʰz̩ʷõ⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕʰye³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡ɕʰyɛ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴¹/
Xiangtan /t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /kʰian³¹/
Taoyuan /kʰien³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hyn³⁵/
Nanning /hyn³⁵/
Hong Kong /hyn³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kʰian⁵³/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kʰɛiŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /kʰyiŋ²¹/
Shantou (Min Nan) /kʰuaŋ⁵³/
Haikou (Min Nan) /xin³¹/
/kau²¹³/ 訓狗
Rime
Character 犬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 先 (86)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) IV
Fanqie 苦泫切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰwenX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰʷenX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰuɛnX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰwɛnX/
Li
Rong 		/kʰuenX/
Wang
Li 		/kʰiwenX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰiwenX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		quǎn
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 犬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		quǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khwenX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ/
English dog

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 犬
Reading # 1/1
No. 10736
Phonetic
component 		犬
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		犬
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰʷeːnʔ/

DefinitionsEdit

犬

  1. (literary, Min Dong, dialectal Wu) dog

SynonymsEdit

Dialectal synonyms of 狗 (“dog”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 犬
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 犬
Taxonomic name 犬
Mandarin Beijing 狗
Taiwan 狗
Tianjin 狗
Harbin 狗
Jinan 狗
Muping 狗子、狗
Luoyang 狗
Jiedian 狗
Xi'an 狗
Xining 狗
Xuzhou 狗
Yinchuan 狗
Lanzhou 狗
Ürümqi 狗
Wuhan 狗子、狗狗 childish、來富 dated
Chengdu 狗
Guiyang 狗
Guilin 狗
Liuzhou 狗
Yangzhou 狗、狗子
Nanjing 狗
Hefei 狗
Nantong 狗子
Cantonese Guangzhou 狗
Hong Kong 狗
Shunde 狗
Foshan 狗
Zhongshan 狗
Dongguan 狗
Hong Kong (Weitou) 狗
Taishan 狗
Doumen 狗
Kaiping 狗
Shaoguan 狗
Yunfu 狗
Yangjiang 狗
Xinyi 狗
Lianjiang 狗
Nanning 狗
Wuzhou 狗
Yulin 狗
Hepu 狗
Kuala Lumpur 狗
Gan Nanchang 狗
Lichuan 狗
Pingxiang 狗
Hakka Meixian 狗
Luchuan 狗
Changting 狗
Yudu 狗子
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 狗仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 狗仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 狗、狗仔
Dongshi (Dabu) 狗
Zhuolan (Raoping) 狗
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 狗
Hong Kong 狗
Sabah 狗
Senai 狗
Singkawang 狗
Huizhou Jixi 狗
Jin Taiyuan 狗兒、狗
Xinzhou 狗
Min Bei Jian'ou 狗仔、狗
Min Dong Fuzhou 犬、犬囝
Changle 犬
Fuqing 犬
Pingtan 犬
Yongtai 犬
Gutian 犬
Fu'an 犬
Ningde 犬
Shouning 犬
Zhouning 犬
Fuding 犬
Matsu 犬
Min Nan Xiamen 狗
Quanzhou 狗
Zhangzhou 狗
Taipei 狗
Kaohsiung 狗
Tainan 狗仔
Taichung 狗
Wuqi 狗
Hsinchu 狗
Taitung 狗
Lukang 狗
Yilan 狗
Magong 狗
Penang 狗
Singapore 狗
Philippines (Manila) 狗
Pingnan 狗
Chaozhou 狗
Shantou 狗
Haifeng 狗
Johor Bahru 狗
Haikou 狗
Leizhou 狗
Puxian Min Putian 狗
Pinghua Nanning 狗
Guilin 狗
Wu Shanghai 狗、汪汪狗 childish
Suzhou 狗
Hangzhou 狗
Wenzhou 狗、𡀿𡀿 childish
Chongming 狗
Danyang 狗子
Jinhua 狗
Xiang Changsha 狗
Shuangfeng 狗
Loudi 狗
Quanzhou 狗

CompoundsEdit

Derived terms from 犬

DescendantsEdit

Sino-Xenic (犬):

JapaneseEdit

KanjiEdit

犬

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. a dog
  2. the dog radical (いぬ)

ReadingsEdit

CompoundsEdit

Compounds

EtymologyEdit

 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
 
犬 (inu): various kinds of dog.
Kanji in this term
犬
いぬ
Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.

PronunciationEdit

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

犬 (counter 匹, hiragana いぬ, katakana イヌ, rōmaji inu)

  1. dog; canine
    犬 (いぬ)に毎日餌 (まいにちえさ)を上 (あ)げて下 (くだ)さい。
    Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
    Please feed the dog every day.
  2. one who is loyal (like a dog)
  3. a spy

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

KoreanEdit

HanjaEdit

犬 (eumhun 개 견 (gae gyeon))

  1. dog

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

MiyakoEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

KanjiEdit

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

NounEdit

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

Northern Amami-OshimaEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

KanjiEdit

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

NounEdit

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

OkinawanEdit

KanjiEdit

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

PronunciationEdit

IPA(key): [ʔiŋ̍]

NounEdit

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

CompoundsEdit

Southern Amami-OshimaEdit

EtymologyEdit

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

KanjiEdit

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

NounEdit

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

  1. dog

VietnameseEdit

Han characterEdit

犬 (khuyển, chó)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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