犬

See also: 大 and 太

犬 U+72AC, 犬 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-72AC ← 犫 [U+72AB] CJK Unified Ideographs 犭 → [U+72AD]

Contents

Translingual

Stroke order

Alternative forms

• 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)

Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are a 3-stroke form from a 4-stroke character.

Han character

犬 (radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 4303₀, composition ⿺大丶)

1. Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.

Derived characters

• Index:Chinese radical/犬
• 默 (黙) 䭾

References

• KangXi: page 705, character 27
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
• Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1331, character 1
• Unihan data for U+72AC

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		犬

A dog (a Labrador)

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 犬
Shang		Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (犬) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
猚	*ŋreːl, *rulʔ
畎	*kʷeːnʔ
汱	*kʷeːnʔ
甽	*kljuns, *kʷeːnʔ
犬	*kʰʷeːnʔ

Pictogram (象形) The side view of a dog.

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”).

This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most dialects except Min Dong, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other dialects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): quǎn (quan³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄢˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): hyun²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khién / khián
• Min Dong (BUC): kēng
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khián

  (Teochew, Peng'im): kiêng² / kiang²

• Wu (Wiktionary): qyoe (T2)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: quǎn
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄢˇ
    • Wade–Giles: ch'üan³
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheuan
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛn²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: hyun²
    • Yale: hyún
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hyn²
    • Guangdong Romanization: hün²
    • IPA ^(key): /hyːn³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khién
    • Hakka Romanization System: kien`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kian<sup>3</sup>
    • IPA: /kʰi̯en³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khián
    • Hakka Romanization System: kian`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: kian³
    • IPA: /kʰi̯an³¹/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: kēng
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɛiŋ³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khián
    • Tâi-lô: khián
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiern
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɛn⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: kiêng² / kiang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiéng / khiáng
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰieŋ⁵²/, /kʰiaŋ⁵²/

Note:

• kiêng2 - Chaozhou;
• kiang2 - Shantou.

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: qyoe (T2)
  • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰyø³⁴/

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• Dialectal data▼

Variety	Location	edit 犬
Mandarin	Beijing	/t͡ɕʰyan²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/t͡ɕʰyan²¹³/
	Tianjin	/t͡ɕʰyan¹³/
	Jinan	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
	Xi'an	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
	Xining	/t͡ɕʰyã⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/t͡ɕʰyɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/t͡ɕyan⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/t͡ɕʰyɛn⁴²/
	Chengdu	/t͡ɕʰyan⁵³/
	Guiyang	/t͡ɕʰian⁴²/
	Kunming	/t͡ɕʰiɛ̃⁵³/
	Nanjing	/t͡ɕʰyen²¹²/
	Hefei	/t͡ɕʰyĩ²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡ɕʰye¹¹/
	Pingyao	/t͡ɕʰye̞⁵³/
	Hohhot	/t͡ɕʰye⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/t͡ɕʰyø³⁵/
	Suzhou	/t͡ɕʰiø⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/t͡sʰz̩ʷõ⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/t͡ɕʰy³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰye³⁵/
	Tunxi	/t͡ɕʰyɛ³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/t͡ɕʰyẽ⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰyɵn²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰian³¹/
	Taoyuan	/kʰien³¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/hyn³⁵/
	Nanning	/hyn³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/hyn³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/kʰian⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/kʰɛiŋ³²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/kʰyiŋ²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/kʰuaŋ⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/xin³¹/ /kau²¹³/ 訓狗

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• Middle Chinese: /kʰwen^X/▼

Rime
Character	犬
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	先 (86)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	苦泫切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰwenX/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷenX/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰuɛnX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰwɛnX/
Li Rong	/kʰuenX/
Wang Li	/kʰiwenX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰiwenX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	quǎn

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷʰˤ[e][n]ʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷeːnʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	犬
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	quǎn
Middle Chinese	‹ khwenX ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ʷʰˁ[e][n]ʔ/
English	dog
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	犬
Reading #	1/1
No.	10736
Phonetic component	犬
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	犬
Old Chinese	/*kʰʷeːnʔ/

Definitions

犬

1. (literary, Min Dong, dialectal Wu) dog

Synonyms

Compounds

Derived terms from 犬

• 北極犬／北极犬
• 反犬旁 (fǎnquǎnpáng)
• 反犬旁兒／反犬旁儿
• 名犬
• 喪家之犬／丧家之犬 (sàngjiāzhīquǎn)
• 嚮導犬／向导犬
• 土雞瓦犬／土鸡瓦犬
• 大犬星座
• 小犬 (xiǎoquǎn)
• 德國狼犬／德国狼犬
• 悲犬咸陽／悲犬咸阳
• 惡犬／恶犬
• 放鷹逐犬／放鹰逐犬
• 東門黃犬／东门黄犬
• 桀犬吠堯／桀犬吠尧
• 淮南雞犬／淮南鸡犬
• 烹犬藏弓
• 牧羊犬 (mùyángquǎn, “collie, shepherd dog”)
• 犬不夜吠
• 犬儒學派／犬儒学派
• 犬兔俱斃／犬兔俱毙
• 犬吠之盜／犬吠之盗
• 犬吠之警
• 犬子 (quǎnzǐ)
• 犬彘
• 犬彘之食
• 犬戎 (Quǎnróng)
• 犬牙 (quǎnyá, “canine tooth”)
• 犬牙交錯／犬牙交错
• 犬牙差互

• 犬牙盤石／犬牙盘石
• 犬牙相制
• 犬牙相臨／犬牙相临
• 犬牙相錯／犬牙相错
• 犬牙鷹爪／犬牙鹰爪
• 犬馬／犬马 (quǎnmǎ)
• 犬馬之力／犬马之力 (quǎnmǎ zhī lì)
• 犬馬之勞／犬马之劳
• 犬馬之命／犬马之命
• 犬馬之報／犬马之报 (quǎnmǎ zhī bào)
• 犬馬之年／犬马之年
• 犬馬之心／犬马之心
• 犬馬之戀／犬马之恋
• 犬馬之疾／犬马之疾
• 犬馬之養／犬马之养
• 犬馬戀主／犬马恋主
• 犬馬齒殲／犬马齿歼
• 犬馬齒窮／犬马齿穷
• 犬馬齒索／犬马齿索
• 犬齒／犬齿 (quǎnchǐ, “canine tooth”)
• 狂犬病 (kuángquǎnbìng, “rabies”)
• 狼犬
• 獒犬
• 獵犬／猎犬 (lièquǎn, “hunting dog”)
• 獵犬座／猎犬座 (Lièquǎnzuò)
• 畫虎成犬／画虎成犬
• 畫虎類犬／画虎类犬
• 盧犬／卢犬
• 粵犬吠雪／粤犬吠雪
• 義犬／义犬

• 聲色犬馬／声色犬马 (shēngsèquǎnmǎ)
• 臺灣犬／台湾犬
• 蜀犬吠日
• 蝴蝶犬 (húdiéquǎn)
• 見兔顧犬／见兔顾犬
• 警犬 (jǐngquǎn, “police dog”)
• 豚兒犬子／豚儿犬子
• 豚犬
• 越犬吠雪
• 跖犬吠堯／跖犬吠尧
• 軍犬／军犬
• 邑犬群吠
• 野犬 (yěquǎn)
• 陶犬瓦雞／陶犬瓦鸡
• 雞犬不寧／鸡犬不宁 (jīquǎnbùníng)
• 雞犬不留／鸡犬不留
• 雞犬不驚／鸡犬不惊 (jī quǎn bù jīng)
• 雞犬俱升／鸡犬俱升
• 雞犬升天／鸡犬升天 (jīquǎnshēngtiān)
• 雞犬桑麻／鸡犬桑麻
• 雞犬皆仙／鸡犬皆仙
• 雞犬相聞／鸡犬相闻
• 雞鳴犬吠／鸡鸣犬吠
• 顧犬補牢／顾犬补牢
• 飛鷹走犬／飞鹰走犬
• 驢鳴犬吠／驴鸣犬吠
• 鬆獅犬／松狮犬 (sōngshīquǎn, “chow chow”)
• 鬥犬／斗犬
• 鷹犬／鹰犬 (yīngquǎn, “dogs that hunt eagle”)
• 黃犬音／黄犬音 (“news”)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (犬):

• Japanese: 犬 (けん) (ken)
• Korean: 견 (犬, gyeon)
• Vietnamese: khuyển (犬)

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Japanese

Kanji

犬

(grade 1 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. a dog
2. the dog radical (いぬ)

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)^{←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
• Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)^{←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)}
• Kun: いぬ (inu, 犬, Jōyō)

Compounds

Compounds

• 一 (いっ)犬 (けん) (ikken): one dog
• 雌犬 (めすいぬ) (mesuinu)
• 雄犬 (おいぬ) (oinu), 牡犬 (おいぬ) (oinu)
• 家犬 (いえいぬ) (ieinu)
• 野 (や)犬 (けん) (yaken)
• 子犬 (こいぬ) (koinu), 小犬 (こいぬ) (koinu), 仔犬 (こいぬ) (koinu)
• 愛犬 (あいけん) (aiken)
• 犬 (いぬ)ちゃん (inu-chan)
• 秋田犬 (あきたいぬ) (Akita inu), 秋田犬 (あきたけん) (Akita ken)
• 土佐犬 (とさいぬ) (Tosa inu), 土佐犬 (とさいぬ) (Tosa inu)
• 柴犬 (しばいぬ) (Shiba inu), 柴犬 (しばけん) (Shiba ken)
• 猟 (りょう)犬 (けん) (ryōken)
• 狛犬 (こまいぬ) (komainu)
• 狩 (しゅ)猟 (りょう)犬 (けん) (shuryōken)
• 警察犬 (けいさつけん) (keisatsuken)
• 攻撃犬 (こうげきけん) (kōgekiken)
• 三 (さん)頭 (とう)犬 (けん) (santōken)
• 老 (ろう)犬 (けん) (rōken): old dog
• 豚 (とん)犬 (けん) (tonken): pig and dog; fool; my child
• 犬吠 (けんばい) (kenbai): the barking of a dog, or the sound thereof

• 駄 (だ)犬 (けん) (daken): mongrel dog
• 雑 (ざっ)犬 (けん) (zakken): mongrel dog
• 番 (ばん)犬 (けん) (banken)
• 警 (けい)備 (び)犬 (けん) (keibiken)
• 探 (たん)知 (ち)犬 (けん) (tanchiken)
• 救 (きゅう)助 (じょ)犬 (けん) (kyūjoken)
• 死体犬 (したいけん) (shitaiken)
• 麻薬犬 (まやくけん) (mayakuken)
• 放 (ほう)火 (か)犬 (けん) (hōkaken)
• 盲 (もう)導 (どう)犬 (けん) (mōdōken)
• 聴 (ちょう)導 (どう)犬 (けん) (chōdōken)
• 介助犬 (かいじょけん) (kaijoken)
• 犬神 (いぬがみ) (inugami)
• 山犬 (やまいぬ) (yamainu)
• 鬣犬 (たてがみいぬ) (tategamiinu): hyena

Etymology

犬 (inu): various kinds of dog.

Kanji in this term
犬
いぬ Grade: 1
kun’yomi

From Old Japanese. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.

Pronunciation

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) いぬ​ [ìnúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
  • IPA^(key): [inɯ̟ᵝ]

Alternative forms

• 狗

Noun

犬 (counter 匹, hiragana いぬ, katakana イヌ, rōmaji inu)

1. dog; canine

   犬 (いぬ)に毎日餌 (まいにちえさ)を上 (あ)げて下 (くだ)さい。

   Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.

   Please feed the dog every day.

2. one who is loyal (like a dog)
3. a spy

Descendants

• → Yami: ino

References

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Korean

Hanja

犬 (eumhun 개 견 (gae gyeon))

1. dog

Synonyms

• 개 (gae)

Derived terms

• 犬公 (견공, gyeongong) (personification)
• 犬馬 (견마, gyeonma) dog and horse
• 犬儒 (견유, gyeonyu) cynic
• 犬猿 (견원, gyeonwon) dog and monkey
• 猛犬 (맹견, maenggyeon) fierce dog
• 愛犬 (애견, aegyeon) pet dog
• 鬪犬 (투견, tugyeon) fighting dog

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Miyako

Etymology

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

Kanji

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

Noun

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

1. dog

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Northern Amami-Oshima

Etymology

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

Kanji

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

Noun

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

1. dog

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Okinawan

Kanji

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

Etymology

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʔiŋ̍]

Noun

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

1. dog

Compounds

• 犬子 (いんぐぁー, ingwā): puppy, small dog

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Southern Amami-Oshima

Etymology

Cognate with Old Japanese 犬 (inu).

Kanji

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

Noun

犬 (hiragana いん, romaji in)

1. dog

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Vietnamese

Han character

犬 (khuyển, chó)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.