犬
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TranslingualEdit
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Alternative formsEdit
- 犭 (when used as a left Chinese radical)
Although the alternative form clearly shows only three strokes, it is still counted as four strokes when using a Chinese dictionary. Compare 氵 from 水 (“water”), 扌 from 手 (“hand”), and 忄 from 心 (“heart”), all of which are 3-stroke forms from 4-stroke characters.
Han characterEdit
犬 (radical 94, 犬+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 戈大 (IK), four-corner 43030, composition ⿺大丶)
- Kangxi radical #94, ⽝.
Derived charactersEdit
- Appendix:Chinese radical/犬
- 伏, 吠, 𡉩, 𫰋, 𢗗, 㧋, 汱, 迖, 𣅤, 枤, 𤘲, 㺴, 肰, 𤯂, 畎, 𮉿, 紎, 𦨚, 𡌤, 𧿡, 䣭, 𤱶, 𮡧, 𮣺, 𭪝, 𩎓, 𩖮, 𬙠, 䭾, 𩫈, 𩵥, 𩿁, 默(黙), 鼣, 𫜤
- 𩿛, 𩡷, 宊, 𦬫, 戾, 𦊅, 突, 哭, 类, 𥬇, 臭, 𦬦, 𩬇, 𧱾, 厌, 𤴻, 𪊏, 𬮇(𬮝)
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 705, character 27
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 20234
- Dae Jaweon: page 1118, character 14
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1331, character 1
- Unihan data for U+72AC
ChineseEdit
| simp. and trad. |
犬 | |
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Glyph originEdit
| Historical forms of the character 犬 | ||||||
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| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | Kangxi Dictionary (compiled in Qing) | |
| Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | Ming typeface |
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Pictogram (象形) – the side view of a dog.
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-kʷəj-n (“dog”).
This common Sino-Tibetan word has been replaced by 狗 (OC *koːʔ) in most topolects except Min Dong, such as Fuzhou kēng. In other topolects, this word is mainly found in compounds and not used alone.
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
犬
SynonymsEdit
CompoundsEdit
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DescendantsEdit
- Bai: *qʰuaŋ²
ReferencesEdit
- “犬”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Further readingEdit
- Victor Mair, "Of dogs and Old Sinitic reconstructions" on Language Log (March 7, 2018)
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
- Go-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)
- Kan-on: けん (ken, Jōyō)←けん (ken, historical)←くゑん (kwen, ancient)
- Kun: いぬ (inu, 犬, Jōyō)
CompoundsEdit
- 一犬 (ikken): one dog
- 雌犬 (mesuinu)
- 雄犬 (oinu), 牡犬 (oinu)
- 家犬 (ieinu)
- 野犬 (yaken)
- 子犬 (koinu), 小犬 (koinu), 仔犬 (koinu)
- 愛犬 (aiken)
- 犬ちゃん (inu-chan)
- 秋田犬 (Akita inu), 秋田犬 (Akita ken)
- 土佐犬 (Tosa inu), 土佐犬 (Tosa inu)
- 柴犬 (Shiba inu), 柴犬 (Shiba ken)
- 猟犬 (ryōken)
- 狛犬 (komainu)
- 狩猟犬 (shuryōken)
- 警察犬 (keisatsuken)
- 攻撃犬 (kōgekiken)
- 三頭犬 (santōken)
- 犬張子 (inuhariko, “papier-mâché dog doll”)
- 老犬 (rōken): old dog
- 豚犬 (tonken): pig and dog; fool; my child
- 犬吠 (kenbai): the barking of a dog, or the sound thereof
EtymologyEdit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 犬 |
| いぬ Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
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| 狗 |
From Old Japanese. Derivation uncertain. Various theories exist, including derivation from ancient verb 往ぬ (inu, “to leave, to be gone”), from the way a dog will guard the house while the master is away; from a compound of 家 (ie, “house, home”) + 寝 (nu, “to sleep”, ancient monosyllabic form of modern 寝る neru); from ancient Japanese 狗 (enu, “puppy, dog”), itself of uncertain derivation; or as a borrowing from some other unknown language.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- dog; canine
- 犬に毎日餌を上げて下さい。
- Inu ni mainichi esa o agete kudasai.
- Please feed the dog every day.
- 犬に毎日餌を上げて下さい。
- one who is loyal (like a dog)
- a spy
Usage notesEdit
As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as イヌ.
DescendantsEdit
- → Yami: ino
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Chinese 犬 (MC kʰwenX).
| Historical Readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | ᄏᆑᆫ〯 (Yale: khyyěn) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] | 가히〮 (Yale: kàhí) | 견〯 (Yale: kyěn) |
PronunciationEdit
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [kjʌ̹n]
- Phonetic hangul: [견]
HanjaEdit
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]
MiyakoEdit
KanjiEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).
NounEdit
Northern Amami-OshimaEdit
KanjiEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).
NounEdit
OkinawanEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
EtymologyEdit
| Kanji in this term |
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| 犬 |
| いん Grade: 1 |
| kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
- dog (Canis familiaris); domestic dog
CompoundsEdit
- 犬子 (いんぐゎー, ingwā, “puppy, small dog”)
ReferencesEdit
- “いん【犬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Southern Amami-OshimaEdit
KanjiEdit
EtymologyEdit
Cognate with Japanese 犬 (inu).
NounEdit
VietnameseEdit
Han characterEdit
犬: Hán Việt readings: khuyển[1][2]
犬: Nôm readings: khuyển[1][3][4], chó[2]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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