堅守

See also: 坚守

Chinese

		strong; solid; firm strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute	to guard
trad. (堅守)		堅	守
simp. (坚守)		坚	守

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiānshǒu

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ ㄕㄡˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹ sau²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên-sú / kiân-sú
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kian-siú

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giang¹ siu²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiānshǒu
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ ㄕㄡˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jianshǒu
    • Wade–Giles: chien¹-shou³
    • Yale: jyān-shǒu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianshoou
    • Palladius: цзяньшоу (czjanʹšou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 堅守／坚守 監守／监守

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gin¹ sau²
    • Yale: gīn sáu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹ sau²
    • Guangdong Romanization: gin¹ seo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên-sú
    • Hakka Romanization System: gien´ su`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian<sup>1</sup> su<sup>3</sup>
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴ su³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân-sú
    • Hakka Romanization System: gian´ su`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ su³
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴ su³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-siú
    • Tâi-lô: kian-siú
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiensiuo
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siu⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn³³ siu⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² siu⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siu⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ siu⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giang¹ siu²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiang siú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ³³⁻²³ siu⁵²/

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• Middle Chinese: ken syuwX

Rime
Character	堅	守
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	古賢切	書九切
Baxter	ken	syuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ken/	/ɕɨuX/
Pan Wuyun	/ken/	/ɕiuX/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛn/	/ɕiəuX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛn/	/ɕuwX/
Li Rong	/ken/	/ɕiuX/
Wang Li	/kien/	/ɕĭəuX/
Bernard Karlgren	/kien/	/ɕi̯ə̯uX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiān	shǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gin1	sau2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤi[ŋ]  s-tuʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kiːn  qʰljuʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	堅	守
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiān	shǒu
Middle Chinese	‹ ken ›	‹ syuwX ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁi[ŋ]/	/*s-tuʔ/
English	solid, strong	keep, guard
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	堅	守
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	1330	11666
Phonetic component	臣	守
Rime group	眞	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	堅	首
Old Chinese	/*kiːn/	/*qʰljuʔ/
Notes		從宀從寸象掌守護家業之事， 或許肘亦聲

Verb

堅守

1. to hole up in a place; to dig in and refuse to give up; to fight until the end without giving up; to vigorously defend oneself without giving up; to uphold

Synonyms

• 固守 (gùshǒu)