徐

Translingual edit

Han character edit

徐 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+7, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹人人一木 (HOOMD), four-corner 2829₄, composition ⿰彳余)

Derived characters edit

𡲰𣻄𣉹𪹘𬁊𭞃蒣

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 367, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10110
Dae Jaweon: page 690, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 825, character 14
Unihan data for U+5F90

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.		徐

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 徐
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
斜	lja, laː
茶	*rlaː
荼	rlaː, ɦlja, *l'aː
梌	rlaː, l̥ʰaː, *l'aː
搽	*rlaː
塗	rlaː, l'aː
佘	*ɦlja
賒	*hljaː
畬	hljaː, la
舍	hljaːʔ, hljaːs
捨	*hljaːʔ
騇	hljaːʔ, hljaːs
涻	*hljaːs
稌	l̥ʰaː, l̥ʰaːʔ
悇	l̥ʰaː, l̥ʰas, *las
庩	*l̥ʰaː
捈	l̥ʰaː, l'aː
途	*l'aː
酴	*l'aː
駼	*l'aː
鵌	l'aː, la
涂	l'aː, l'a
嵞	*l'aː
峹	*l'aː
筡	l'aː, l̥ʰa
蒤	*l'aː
徐	*lja
俆	*lja
敘	*ljaʔ
漵	*ljaʔ
除	l'a, l'as
篨	*rla
滁	*rla
蒢	*rla
蜍	ɦlja, la
鵨	*hljaː
瑹	*hlja
余	*la
餘	*la
艅	*la
狳	*la
雓	*la
悆	*las

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *lja): semantic 彳 (“walk slowly”) + phonetic 余 (OC *la)

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xú (xu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˊ

(Chengdu, SP): xu²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ceoi⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): tui³
Gan (Wiktionary): qy²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chhì

(Meixian, Guangdong): qi²
Jin (Wiktionary): xy¹
Min Bei (KCR): cṳ̌
Min Dong (BUC): sṳ̀
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): chhî / sû / sîr / sî

(Teochew, Peng'im): ce⁵
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Shanghainese): ⁶zhi
Xiang (Wiktionary): si²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xú
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syú
  - Wade–Giles: hsü²
  - Yale: syú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyu
  - Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xy
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ceoi⁴
  - Yale: chèuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsoey⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: cêu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ʃʰɵy̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: tui³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰui²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qy²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhì
  - Hakka Romanization System: qiˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: qi²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: qi²
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: xy¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕy¹¹/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ̌
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sy²¹/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sṳ̀
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy⁵³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Yilan, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhî
  - Tâi-lô: tshî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: chii
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕʰi¹³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Tainan, Yilan): /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕʰi²³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sû
  - Tâi-lô: sû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: suu
  - IPA (Xiamen): /su²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Lukang, Sanxia, Kinmen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîr
  - Tâi-lô: sîr
  - IPA (Lukang): /sɨ²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Kinmen): /sɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sî
  - Tâi-lô: sî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sii
  - IPA (Jinjiang): /ɕi²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕi¹³/

Note:

Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
- chhî - vernacular (including surname);
- sû/sî - literary.
Quanzhou:
- chhî - vernacular;
- sîr - literary (including surname).

(Teochew)

Peng'im: ce⁵
Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂
Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/

Wu

(Shanghainese)
- Wugniu: ⁶zhi
- Wiktionary Romanisation: ³xxi
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʑi²³/

Xiang

(Changsha)
- Wiktionary: si²
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /si¹³/
- Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /ɕi¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 徐
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕy³⁵/
	Harbin	/ɕy²⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕy⁴⁵/
	Jinan	/ɕy⁴²/
	Qingdao	/sy⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/sy⁴²/
	Xi'an	/ɕy²⁴/
	Xining	/ɕy²⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕy⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕy⁵³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕy⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/ɕy²¹³/
	Chengdu	/ɕy³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕi²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕi³¹/
	Nanjing	/t͡sʰy²⁴/
	Hefei	/sz̩ʷ⁵⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕy¹¹/
	Pingyao	/ɕy¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕy³¹/
Wu	Shanghai	/ʑi²³/
	Suzhou	/zi¹³/
	Hangzhou	/d͡zz̩ʷ²¹³/
	Wenzhou	/zei³¹/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡ɕʰy⁴⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sʰi⁴⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/si¹³/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɕy¹²/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡ɕʰy²⁴/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰi¹¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/t͡sʰi¹¹/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sʰøy²¹/
	Nanning	/t͡sʰy²¹/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sʰøy²¹/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/su³⁵/ /t͡sʰi³⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/sy⁵³/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/t͡sy²¹/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/si³¹/

Middle Chinese: zjo

Rime
Character	徐
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	邪 (17)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	似魚切
Baxter	zjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/zɨʌ/
Pan Wuyun	/ziɔ/
Shao Rongfen	/ziɔ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/zɨə̆/
Li Rong	/ziɔ/
Wang Li	/zĭo/
Bernard Karlgren	/zi̯wo/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xú
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ceoi⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*sə.la/

(Zhengzhang): /*lja/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	徐
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xú
Middle Chinese	‹ zjo ›
Old Chinese	/*sə.la/
English	walk slowly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.