茶
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TranslingualEdit
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han characterEdit
茶 (radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿人木 (TOD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿳艹𠆢朩(GV) or ⿳艹𠆢木(HTJK))
ReferencesEdit
- KangXi: page 1029, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30915
- Dae Jaweon: page 1488, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3207, character 2
- Unihan data for U+8336
ChineseEdit
| trad. | 茶 | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. # | 茶 | |
Glyph originEdit
| Characters in the same phonetic series (余) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 斜 | *lja, *laː |
| 茶 | *rlaː |
| 荼 | *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː |
| 梌 | *rlaː, *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 搽 | *rlaː |
| 塗 | *rlaː, *l'aː |
| 佘 | *ɦlja |
| 賒 | *hljaː |
| 畬 | *hljaː, *la |
| 舍 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 捨 | *hljaːʔ |
| 騇 | *hljaːʔ, *hljaːs |
| 涻 | *hljaːs |
| 稌 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰaːʔ |
| 悇 | *l̥ʰaː, *l̥ʰas, *las |
| 庩 | *l̥ʰaː |
| 捈 | *l̥ʰaː, *l'aː |
| 途 | *l'aː |
| 酴 | *l'aː |
| 駼 | *l'aː |
| 鵌 | *l'aː, *la |
| 涂 | *l'aː, *l'a |
| 嵞 | *l'aː |
| 峹 | *l'aː |
| 筡 | *l'aː, *l̥ʰa |
| 蒤 | *l'aː |
| 徐 | *lja |
| 俆 | *lja |
| 敘 | *ljaʔ |
| 漵 | *ljaʔ |
| 除 | *l'a, *l'as |
| 篨 | *rla |
| 滁 | *rla |
| 蒢 | *rla |
| 蜍 | *ɦlja, *la |
| 鵨 | *hljaː |
| 瑹 | *hlja |
| 余 | *la |
| 餘 | *la |
| 艅 | *la |
| 狳 | *la |
| 雓 | *la |
| 悆 | *las |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rlaː): semantic 艸 + phonetic 余 (OC *la).
茶 originates as a graphical modification of archaic 荼 (OC *rlaː, *ɦlja, *l'aː, “bitter plant”), used for “tea” in classical sources.
EtymologyEdit
As tea may have originated from Sichuan, where the native Yi people speak Loloish languages, Sagart (1999) suggests that the Old Chinese item was possibly originally borrowed from Proto-Loloish *la¹ (“tea”), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (“leaf; tea”). Schuessler (2007) traces its ultimate origin to Proto-Austroasiatic *sla (“leaf”) (compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *slaʔ).
Alternatively, Qiu (1988) suggests that it might be a semantic extension of 荼 (OC *l'aː, “bitter plant”).
PronunciationEdit
DefinitionsEdit
茶
- tea (plant, leaves)
- tea (beverage made by infusing tea leaves in hot water)
- beverage (in general)
- Chinese medicine
- yum cha
- 早茶 ― zǎochá ― (please add an English translation of this example)
- (obsolete) a moment (the time it takes to drink a cup of tea)
- (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Wu) boiled or boiling water
SynonymsEdit
| Dialectal synonyms of 開水 (“boiled water”) [map] | ||
|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 開水 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 開水 |
| Taiwan | 開水 | |
| Tianjin | 開水 | |
| Jinan | 開水 | |
| Xi'an | 開水 | |
| Wuhan | 開水 | |
| Chengdu | 開水 | |
| Yangzhou | 開水, 茶 | |
| Hefei | 開水 | |
| Malaysia | 滾水, 燒水 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 滾水, 茶 |
| Hong Kong | 滾水 | |
| Shunde | 滾水 | |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 滾水 | |
| Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) | 滾水 | |
| Taishan | 滾水 | |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 滾水 | |
| Dongguan | 滾水 | |
| Shaoguan | 開水 | |
| Yunfu | 滾水 | |
| Yangjiang | 滾水 | |
| Xinyi | 滾水 | |
| Lianjiang | 滾水 | |
| Nanning | 滾水 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 開水, 茶 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 滾水 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 滾水 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 滾水 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 滾水 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 滾水 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 滾水 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 滾水 | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 開水 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 滾湯, 開水 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 開水, 滾湯 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 滾水 |
| Quanzhou | 滾水 | |
| Zhangzhou | 滾水 | |
| Taipei | 白茶, 滾水 | |
| Kaohsiung | 滾水 | |
| Tainan | 滾水 | |
| Taichung | 滾水 | |
| Hsinchu | 滾水 | |
| Lukang | 滾水 | |
| Sanxia | 滾水 | |
| Yilan | 滾水 | |
| Kinmen | 滾水 | |
| Magong | 滾水 | |
| Penang | 滾水 | |
| Philippines (Manila) | 滾水 | |
| Chaozhou | 滾水 | |
| Shantou | 滾水 | |
| Haifeng | 滾水 | |
| Haikou | 沸水 | |
| Leizhou | 沸水 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 開水, 茶水 |
| Suzhou | 開水, 茶 | |
| Wenzhou | 開水, 茶湯 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 開水, 茶 |
| Shuangfeng | 開水 | |
CompoundsEdit
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DescendantsEdit
Others:
- Vietnamese: chè
- See also the descendants in Appendix:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/s-la.
JapaneseEdit
KanjiEdit
ReadingsEdit
CompoundsEdit
EtymologyEdit
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 茶 |
| ちゃ Grade: 2 |
| kan’yōon |
From various dialects of Middle Chinese 茶 (MC ɖˠa). Compare modern Mandarin reading chá, Hakka chhà, Cantonese caa4.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
Usage notesEdit
This term is not used on its own in modern Japanese. For the tea sense, this is used either with the honorific prefix お (o-), or in a compound such as 茎茶 (kukicha, literally “stem tea”) or 緑茶 (ryokucha, “green tea”).
- お茶はいかがですか。
- Ocha wa ikaga desuka.
- How about some tea? (Would you like some tea?)
For the brown sense, this is used with the color suffix 色 (-iro), as in 茶色 (chairo, “brown”, literally “tea color”).
SynonymsEdit
- 茗 (mei) (rare)
DescendantsEdit
- → Ainu: チャ (ca)
See alsoEdit
ReferencesEdit
KoreanEdit
HanjaEdit
茶 • (da, cha) (hangeul 다, 차, revised da, cha, McCune–Reischauer ta, ch'a, Yale ta, cha)
- tea