See also: and
U+8336, 茶
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8336

[U+8335]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+8337]

U+F9FE, 茶
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F9FE

[U+F9FD]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs 刺
[U+F9FF]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 

Han character

edit

(Kangxi radical 140, +6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿人木 (TOD), four-corner 44904, composition 𠆢(GV) or 𠆢(HTJK))

Derived characters

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1029, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30915
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1488, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3207, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+8336

Chinese

edit
trad.
simp. #
alternative forms
𦯬
𣘻
𣗪
𦹍
 
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *rlaː) : semantic + phonetic (OC *la).

originates as a graphical modification of archaic (*rlaː, bitter plant), used for “tea” in classical sources.

Etymology

edit

As tea may have originated from Sichuan, where the native Yi people speak Loloish languages, Sagart (1999) suggests that the Old Chinese item was possibly originally borrowed from Proto-Loloish *la¹ (tea), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-la (leaf; tea). Schuessler (2007) traces its ultimate origin to Proto-Austroasiatic *slaʔ (leaf) (in Sidwell's 2024 reconstruction).

Alternatively, Qiu (1988) suggests that it might be a semantic extension of (*rlaː, bitter plant).

Pronunciation

edit

Note:
  • tê/têe - vernacular;
  • tâ, chhâ - literary.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂʰa³⁵/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂʰa²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰɑ⁴⁵/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
Qingdao /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰa²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰa²⁴/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰa⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰa²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰa³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰa²¹/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂʰa̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂʰɑ²⁴/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂʰa⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰa¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sɑ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰa³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zo²³/
Suzhou /zo¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zɑ²¹³/
Wenzhou /d͡zo³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sa¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zɒ¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɑ²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰa¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰɑ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰa²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰa²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰa²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ta³⁵/
/te³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ta⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ta³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /te⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdɛ³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (11)
Final () (98)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter drae
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɖˠa/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɖᵚa/
Shao
Rongfen
/ȡa/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ɖaɨ/
Li
Rong
/ȡa/
Wang
Li
/ȡa/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ȡʱa/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chá
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
caa4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 15747
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0
Corresponding
MC rime
𡨀
Old
Chinese
/*rlaː/
Notes 𣘻

Definitions

edit

  1. tea (plant, leaves)
      ―  zhòng chá  ―  to grow tea
  2. tea (beverage made by infusing tea leaves in hot water) (Classifier: ; )
    绿  ―  chá  ―  green tea
      ―  chá  ―  to make tea
      ―  yī bēi chá  ―  a cup of tea
  3. certain kinds of beverage or liquid food
      ―  liángchá  ―  Chinese herb tea
    冬瓜  ―  dōngguāchá  ―  winter melon punch
    杏仁  ―  xìngrénchá  ―  almond tea
  4. Chinese medicine
    午時午时  ―  wǔshíchá  ―  Afternoon Tea
  5. yum cha
      ―  zǎochá  ―  morning yum cha
    [Cantonese, trad.]
    [Cantonese, simp.]
    heoi3 caa4 lau4 jam2 caan1 caa4 [Jyutping]
    to go yumcha at a dim sum restaurant
  6. (obsolete) a moment (the time it takes to drink a cup of tea)
  7. (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Xiang, Wu) boiled or boiling water
    [Shanghainese]  ―  7chiq 6zo [Wugniu]  ―  to drink water
  8. a surname

Synonyms

edit

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic ():
  • Japanese: (ちゃ) (cha) (see there for further descendants)
  • Okinawan: (ちゃー) (chā)
  • Korean: 차(茶) (cha)
  • Vietnamese: trà ()

Others:

  • Cantonese: (de1, to chat) (via Teochew)
  • ? Cebuano: tsa (via Cantonese)
  • Classical Persian: چَا (čā) (via Mandarin), چَای (čāy) (via Mandarin, with Persian suffix -y(i) added) (see there for further descendants)
  • Drung: cha
  • Dutch: thee (via Hokkien) (see there for further descendants)
  • English: cha, char (via Cantonese)
  • Hlai: dhe (via Hainanese)
  • Khmer: តែ (tae)
  • Malay: ca (via Cantonese)
  • Malay: teh (via Hokkien)
    • Indonesian: teh
  • Mongolian: цай (caj), ᠴᠠᠢ (čai) (via Mandarin)
  • Portuguese: chá (via Cantonese)
  • Punjabi: (via Mandarin)
    Gurmukhi script: ਚਾਹ (cāh)
    Shahmukhi script: چاہ (cāh)
  • Spanish: (via Hokkien)
    • Asturian:
    • Basque: te
    • Catalan: te
    • Galician:
    • Navajo: dééh
    • Occitan:
  • Proto-Tai: *ɟaːᴬ
  • ? Tagalog: tsa (via Cantonese)
  • Tibetan: (ja)
  • Vietnamese: chè (, 𦷨)
  • Yonaguni: さー

References

edit

Japanese

edit

Kanji

edit

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. tea

Readings

edit

Compounds

edit

Etymology

edit
 
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
 
(cha): a cup of tea.
Kanji in this term
ちゃ
Grade: 2
kan'yōon

From various lects of Middle Chinese (MC drae). Compare Mandarin (chá), Hakka (chhà), Cantonese (caa4). Doublet of チャイ (chai).

Pronunciation

edit

Noun

edit

(ちゃ) (cha

  1. tea (not used in isolation in modern Japanese)
  2. brown

Usage notes

edit
  • This term is not used on its own in modern Japanese. For the tea sense, this is used either with the honorific prefix (o-), as (ちゃ) (ocha), or in a compound such as (くき)(ちゃ) (kukicha, literally stem tea) or (りょく)(ちゃ) (ryokucha, green tea).
    (ちゃ)はいかがですか。
    Ocha wa ikaga desuka.
    How about some tea? (Would you like some tea?)
  • For the brown sense, this is used with the color suffix (いろ) (iro), as in (ちゃ)(いろ) (chairo, brown, literally tea color).

Synonyms

edit

Descendants

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Early Mandarin (*tʂʰaᴸᴸ). Compare Mandarin (chá), Hakka (chhà), Cantonese (caa4).

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun (cha cha))

  1. hanja form? of (tea)

Usage notes

edit
  • This reading is used as a standalone word to mean "tea."

Compounds

edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Middle Chinese (ɖˠa).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 (Yale: ttà)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] (Yale: chà) (Yale: )

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit

(eumhun (cha da))

  1. (only in compounds) hanja form? of (tea)
  2. (only in compounds) hanja form? of (brown)

Compounds

edit

References

edit
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

: Hán Việt readings: trà[1][2][3][4][5][6]
: Nôm readings: trà[1][2][3], chè[1][2][3], chà[1], [1], già[1][2], chòe/choè[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of trà (tea).
  2. Nôm form of chè (tea).

References

edit