燹

Translingual edit

Han character edit

燹 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 一人火 (MOF), four-corner 1180₉, composition ⿱豩火)

Derived characters edit

𨰖𨷹𩰟

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 685, character 24
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19508
Dae Jaweon: page 1098, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2242, character 23
Unihan data for U+71F9

Chinese edit

trad.		燹
simp. ^#		燹
alternative forms		𤐨

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 燹
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (豩) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
燹	smanʔ, smlɯːnʔ, *hmrɯls
豳	*mprɯn

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) - a group of pigs (豩) fleeing from a fire (火). The bronze script form has a hand with a stick (攴), indicating that the fire would have been started on purpose, in manner to get rid of the pigs. The large seal script form also has what looks like 爾 on the right side.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiǎn (xian³)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sin²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sián

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siǎn
  - Wade–Giles: hsien³
  - Yale: syǎn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shean
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sin²
  - Yale: sín
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sin²
  - Guangdong Romanization: xin²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siːn³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sián
  - Tâi-lô: sián
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siern
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɛn⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /siɛn⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: senX, sjenX, xwijH

Rime
Character	燹	燹	燹
Reading #	1/3	2/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	心 (16)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	仙 (77)	脂 (18)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	III	III
Fanqie	蘇典切	息淺切	許位切
Baxter	senX	sjenX	xwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sen^X/	/siᴇn^X/	/hˠiuɪ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/sen^X/	/siɛn^X/	/hʷᵚi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/sɛn^X/	/sjæn^X/	/xiuɪ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sɛn^X/	/sian^X/	/hjwi^H/
Li Rong	/sen^X/	/siɛn^X/	/xjui^H/
Wang Li	/sien^X/	/sĭɛn^X/	/xwi^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/sien^X/	/si̯ɛn^X/	/xwi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiǎn	xiǎn	huì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	sin²	sin²	fai³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*smlɯːnʔ/, /*smanʔ/, /*hmrɯls/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	燹	燹	燹
Reading #	2/3	1/3	3/3
No.	833	832	834
Phonetic component	豩	豩	豩
Rime group	文	元	微
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	銑	獮	豷
Old Chinese	/*smlɯːnʔ/	/*smanʔ/	/*hmrɯls/
Notes			集韻改開口許利切

Definitions edit

燹

(literary) fire, especially wildfire or war fire
(literary) to burn

Compounds edit

兵燹 (bīngxiǎn)

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

燹

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

Go-on: せん (sen)
Kan-on: せん (sen)
Kun: のび (nobi); ぬび (nubi); ほそけ (hosoke)
Nanori: のび (nobi)

Compounds edit

兵燹(へいせん) (heisen) (rare): a fire caused by war; by extension, a battle

Etymology 1 edit

Kanji in this term
燹
のび Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Compound of 野 (no, “field”) +‎ 火 (hi, “fire”).^[1]^[2] The hi changes to bi as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

An ancient variant seen in eastern Japan uses the dialectal reading nu for 野.^[1]

Use of this kanji 燹 is rare, and is an example of jukujikun. The standard spelling is 野火.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation edit

(Tokyo) のび [nóꜜbì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[2]
IPA^(key): [no̞bʲi]

Noun edit

燹(のび) • (nobi) (rare)

燹(ぬび) • (nubi) (obsolete)

a wildfire

Usage notes edit

Spelled using this kanji, 燹 excludes the "controlled agricultural burn" sense found found under the 野火 spelling.

Alternative forms edit

野火 (standard spelling)

Etymology 2 edit

Kanji in this term
燹
ほそけ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Compound of 火 (ho, “fire”) +‎ 退く (soku, “to push away, to make distant”).^[1]

The kun'yomi for 火 is usually hi, but it can appear as ho or fu, particularly in older compounds.

The soku changes to soke due to conjugation of the verb. Grammatically, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of soke indicates the transitive.^[1]

Use of this kanji 燹 is rare, and is an example of jukujikun. The more common spelling is 火退.

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): [ho̞so̞ke̞]

Noun edit

燹(ほそけ) • (hosoke) (rare)

a backburn: a controlled fire deliberately set in the path of a wildfire to create a firebreak by removing combustible material

Usage notes edit

The more common word for this is 向火, 向(む)かい火(び) (mukaibi).^[1]

Alternative forms edit

火退 (rare)
逆焼 (rare)
野火 (rare)

Synonyms edit

向火, 向(む)かい火(び) (mukaibi)

References edit

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

燹 (eum 희 (hui))

fire
wild fires

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

燹: Hán Nôm readings: tiển

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References edit

Nom Foundation

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]