Wiktionary

位

位 U+4F4D, 位
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4F4D
← 佌
[U+4F4C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 低 →
[U+4F4E]
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Translingual edit

Stroke order
 
Stroke order
 

Han character edit

位 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人卜廿 (OYT), four-corner 20218, composition ⿰亻立)

Derived characters edit

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 98, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 503
  • Dae Jaweon: page 206, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 138, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4F4D

Further reading edit

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
 位

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 位
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming) Libian (compiled in Qing)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts Clerical script
           
Oracle bone script
 

j18932

Bronze inscriptions
 

b12296

Small seal script
 

s05743

Transcribed ancient scripts
 

L36336

 

L36337

 

L36338

 

L36339

 

L21781

 

L21782

 

L21783

 

L21784

 

L21785

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (立) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涖 *rɯːbs, *rɯbs
莅 *rɯbs, *rɯbs
蒞 *rɯbs
位 *ɢʷrɯbs
拉 *ruːb
菈 *ruːb
颯 *sluːb
立 *rɯb
粒 *rɯb
笠 *ɡ·rɯb
砬 *rɯb
岦 *rɯb
苙 *ɡ·rɯb, *ɡrɯb
鴗 *rɯb
雴 *r̥ʰɯb
泣 *kʰrɯb

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷrɯbs) : semantic 亻 (“man”) + phonetic 立 (OC *rɯb, “stand”). Often simply written as 立 in idiomatic expressions such as 即位 (jíwèi) in Western Zhou inscriptions.

Etymology edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-r(j)ap (“to stand”). Derived from 立 (OC *rɯb). Mei (2012) lists it among the possible nasal-prefixed verb forms (Old Chinese *N-k- > Middle Chinese *ɦ-, possibly forming a stative). Suffixed with a nominalizing *-s, it takes the sense "the place/rank/status one holds".

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • uei5 - vernacular;
  • uei4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 位
    Mandarin Beijing /uei⁵¹/
    Harbin /uei⁵³/
    Tianjin /vei⁵³/
    Jinan /vei²¹/
    Qingdao /ve⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /uei³¹²/
    Xi'an /uei⁴⁴/
    Xining /uɨ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /vei¹³/
    Lanzhou /vei¹³/
    Ürümqi /vei²¹³/
    Wuhan /uei³⁵/
    Chengdu /uei¹³/
    Guiyang /uei²¹³/
    Kunming /uei²¹²/
    Nanjing /uəi⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ue⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /vei⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /uei³⁵/
    Hohhot /vei⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦue²³/
    Suzhou /ɦue̞³¹/
    Hangzhou /ɦui¹³/
    Wenzhou /vu²²/
    Hui Shexian /ue²²/
    Tunxi /ue¹¹/
    /y¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /uei⁵⁵/
    /uei¹¹/
    Xiangtan /uəi²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /ui²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /vi⁵³/
    Taoyuan /vui⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /wɐi²²/
    Nanning /wɐi²²/
    Hong Kong /wɐi²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /ui²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /uɔi²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /y⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /ui³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /ui³³/
    Rime
    Character 位
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 云 (35)
    Final (韻) 脂 (18)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Closed
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 于愧切
    Baxter hwijH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠiuɪH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦʷᵚiH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣiuɪH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦjwiH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣjuiH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣwiH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/wiH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		wèi
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		wai6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 位
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		wèi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hwijH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɢ]ʷrəp-s/ (< *ɢʷəʔ-rəp-s ?)
    English standing, position

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 位
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 7865
    Phonetic
    component         		立
    Rime
    group         		內
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		位
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢʷrɯbs/

    Definitions edit

    位

    1. position; location; spot
    2. title; official position
    3. seat; seating
    4. throne; royal seat
    5. rank; grade; status
    6. standard; rule
    7. (honorific) people
    8. (mathematics) digit; place
      三位數／三位数  ―  sān wèi shù  ―  three-digit number
      進位／进位  ―  jìnwèi  ―  to carry (by one or more places)
    9. (often polite) Classifier for persons.
      這位歌手／这位歌手  ―  zhè wèi gēshǒu  ―  this singer
      那位先生  ―  nà wèi xiānshēng  ―  that man
    10. to be situated at; to be located at
    11. to arrange; to set out
    12. (Cantonese) space
      間房唔夠位放多張檯。 [Cantonese, trad.]
      间房唔够位放多张台。 [Cantonese, simp.]
      gaan1 fong4-2 m4 gau3 wai6-2 fong3 do1 zoeng1 toi4-2. [Jyutping]
      There is not enough space for another table in the room.
      偷位 [Cantonese]  ―  tau1 wai6-2 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    13. (information theory) bit (the smallest unit of storage in a digital computer)
    14. a surname: Wei

    Synonyms edit

    • (location):
    • (title): (literary) 地步 (dìbù), 地位 (dìwèi)
    • (seat):
    • (throne):

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    Japanese edit

    Kanji edit

    位

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings edit

    Etymology 1 edit

    Kanji in this term
    位
    い
    Grade: 4
    on’yomi

    Middle Chinese 位 (ɦˠiuɪH)

    Pronunciation edit

    Affix edit

    位(い) • (i) ←ゐ (wi)?

    1. rank, place
    Derived terms edit
    Derived terms

    Counter edit

    位(い) • (-i) ←ゐ (wi)?

    1. rank, place
      第(だい)一(いち)位(い)である。
      Dai-ichi-i de aru.
      To be ranked first.
      二(に)位(い)になる。
      Ni-i ni naru.
      To take second place.
      十(じゅう)位(い)に落(お)ちる。
      Jū-i ni ochiru.
      To drop to tenth place.
    2. decimal place
    3. ghosts

    Etymology 2 edit

    Kanji in this term
    位
    くらい
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 位 – see the following entry.
    【くらい】
    [adverb] about, approximately
    [adverb] at least, if anything
    [noun] grade, rank, standing
    [noun] the throne, the crown
    [noun] (mathematics) place, position
    [noun] being at the point where ...
    [suffix] seat, position, rank, grade
    (This term, 位, is an alternative spelling (obsolete for adverb) of the above term.)

    References edit

    1. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean edit

    Etymology edit

    From Middle Chinese 位 (MC hwijH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 윙〮 (Yale: wúy)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 벼슬 (Yale: pyèsùl) 위 (Yale: wùy)

    Pronunciation edit

    Hanja edit

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    位 (eumhun 자리 위 (jari wi))

    1. Hanja form? of 위 (“status, position”). [noun]
    2. Hanja form? of 위 (“rank, place”). [counter]

    Compounds edit

    Compounds

    References edit

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

    Vietnamese edit

    Han character edit

    位: Hán Nôm readings: vị[1], vì[2]

    1. chữ Hán form of vị (“location; place”).
    2. chữ Hán form of vị (“position; rank”).
    3. (honorific, formal classifier) chữ Hán form of vị (“person; a/an (important person)”).
    4. (archaic) chữ Hán form of vì (“throne, royal rule”).

    Compounds edit

    References edit

    1. ^ Trần (1999).
    2. ^ Hồ (1976).

    Zhuang edit

    Noun edit

    位

    1. Sawndip form of gyaeuj (“head; headhair”)
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