率性

Chinese

		to lead; command; rate to lead; command; rate; frequency	sex; nature; suffix corresponding to ‑ness or ‑ity
simp. and trad. (率性)		率	性

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): shuàixìng

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨㄞˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): seot¹ sing³
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soài-sèng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: shuàixìng
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄨㄞˋ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: shuàisìng
    • Wade–Giles: shuai⁴-hsing⁴
    • Yale: shwài-syìng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuayshinq
    • Palladius: шуайсин (šuajsin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕiŋ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: seot¹ sing³
    • Yale: sēut sing
    • Cantonese Pinyin: soet⁷ sing³
    • Guangdong Romanization: sêd¹ xing³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵt̚⁵ sɪŋ³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soài-sèng
    • Tâi-lô: suài-sìng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: soaesexng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /suai²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /suai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /suai²¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /suai¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪŋ¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /suai²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪŋ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: srwit sjengH

Rime
Character	率	性
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	生 (21)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	諄 (52)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	所律切	息正切
Baxter	srwit	sjengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʃiuɪt̚/	/siᴇŋH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʃʷit̚/	/siɛŋH/
Shao Rongfen	/ʃjuet̚/	/siæŋH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʂwit̚/	/siajŋH/
Li Rong	/ʃiuĕt̚/	/siɛŋH/
Wang Li	/ʃĭuĕt̚/	/sĭɛŋH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʂi̯uĕt̚/	/si̯ɛŋH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shuai	xìng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seot1	sing3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-rut  seŋ-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*srud  sleŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	率	性
Reading #	4/4	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shuài	xìng
Middle Chinese	‹ srwit ›	‹ sjengH ›
Old Chinese	/*s-rut/	/*seŋ-s/
English	follow, go along	nature
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	率	性
Reading #	3/3	1/1
No.	8608	11358
Phonetic component	率	生
Rime group	物	耕
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	率	性
Old Chinese	/*srud/	/*sleŋs/
Notes	原列質韻

Verb

率性

1. (Classical) to act according to one's nature; to follow one's nature

   • 天命之謂性，率性之謂道，修道之謂教。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天命之谓性，率性之谓道，修道之谓教。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Tiānmìng zhī wèi xìng, shuàixìng zhī wèi dào, xiūdào zhī wèi jiào. [Pinyin]

     What Heaven has conferred is called The Nature; an accordance with this nature is called The Path of duty; the regulation of this path is called Instruction.

   • 率性而行謂之道，得其天性謂之德。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     率性而行谓之道，得其天性谓之德。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Huainanzi, 2^nd century BCE

     Shuàixìng ér xíng wèi zhī dào, dé qí tiānxìng wèi zhī dé. [Pinyin]

     The Tao means acting in accordance with one's nature, and the Te refers to the attainment of the nature that is truly natural.

Adjective

率性

1. willful; headstrong; self-willed

Synonyms

• 任性 (rènxìng)
• (Hokkien) 使性, 似汰, 食癖

Adverb

率性

1. might as well; simply; just

Synonyms

• (might as well):

• 不妨 (bùfáng)
• 乾脆／干脆 (gāncuì)
• 以莫 (i³ mo) (Xiang)
• 勿妨 (⁶veq₈-faon) (Wu)
• 印信 (Hokkien)
• 左莫 (zo³ mo) (Xiang)
• 索性
• 巡經／巡经 (sen² jin¹) (Xiang)

 

Noun

率性

1. (literary) one's nature; disposition

Synonyms

• (one's nature):

• 天性 (tiānxìng)
• 常性 (chángxìng)
• 性地 (xìngdì) (literary or Min Nan)
• 性子 (xìngzi)
• 性情 (xìngqíng)
• 情性 (qíngxìng) (literary)
• 本性 (běnxìng)
• 本質／本质 (běnzhì)
• 氣性／气性
• 理 (lǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
• 癖 (Hokkien, Teochew)
• 癖鼻 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 秉性 (bǐngxìng)
• 稟性／禀性 (bǐngxìng)
• 稟氣／禀气 (bǐngqì) (literary)
• 素性 (sùxìng)
• 脾氣／脾气
• 腸子／肠子 (chángzi) (figurative)
• 量草 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)