律

TranslingualEdit

Han characterEdit

律 (Kangxi radical 60, 彳+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹人中手 (HOLQ), four-corner 2520₇, composition ⿰彳聿)

Derived charactersEdit

葎嵂箻

ReferencesEdit

KangXi: page 366, character 17
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10097
Dae Jaweon: page 687, character 11
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 821, character 1
Unihan data for U+5F8B

Unihan data for U+F9D8

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.		律

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (聿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
筆	*prud
潷	*prud
硉	*ruːd
律	*rud
葎	*b·rud
聿	*b·lud
銉	*lud

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *rud): semantic 彳 + phonetic 聿 (OC *b·lud).

PronunciationEdit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): lǜ (lü⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˋ

(Chengdu, SP): nu²

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): лү (lü, II)
Cantonese (Jyutping): leot⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): lit⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): li̍t

(Meixian, Guangdong): lid⁶ / lud⁶
Jin (Wiktionary): lyeh⁴
Min Bei (KCR): lṳ̆
Min Dong (BUC): lŭk
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): lu̍t

(Teochew, Peng'im): lug⁸
Wu (Wiktionary): ⁵liq
Xiang (Wiktionary): li⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǜ
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lyù
  - Wade–Giles: lü⁴
  - Yale: lyù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liuh
  - Palladius: люй (ljuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: nu²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: lu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nu²¹/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: лү (lü, II)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁵¹/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: leot⁶
  - Yale: leuht
  - Cantonese Pinyin: loet⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: lêd⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵt̚²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: lit⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lit̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: lid
  - Hagfa Pinyim: lid⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /lit̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: lid⁶ / lud⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /lit̚⁵/, /lut̚⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: lyeh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /lyəʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lŭk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃uʔ⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lu̍t
  - Tâi-lô: lu̍t
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lut
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lut̚²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lut̚¹²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lut̚⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lut̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lug⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lu̍k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /luk̚⁴/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: ⁵liq
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯ɪʔ¹²/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: li⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li²⁴/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 律
Mandarin	Beijing	/ly⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ly⁵³/
	Tianjin	/luei⁵³/ /ly⁵³/
	Jinan	/ly²¹/
	Qingdao	/ly⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ly²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ly²¹/
	Xining	/l̩ʷ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/ly¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ly¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ly²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ny²¹³/
	Chengdu	/nu³¹/
	Guiyang	/ni²¹/
	Kunming	/li³¹/
	Nanjing	/lyʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/lyəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/lyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/luʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/lyəʔ⁴³/ /ly⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/liɪʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/liəʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/liəʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/li²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ly²²/ /li²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/li¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/li²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ni²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/liʔ⁵/
Hakka	Meixian	/lut̚⁵/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/løt̚²/
	Nanning	/lyt̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/løt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lut̚⁵/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/luʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ly²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/luk̚⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lut̚³/

Middle Chinese: /liuɪt̚/

Rime
Character	律
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	諄 (52)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	呂卹切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwit̚/
Li Rong	/liuĕt̚/
Wang Li	/lĭuĕt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯uĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǜ
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leot⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ut/

(Zhengzhang): /*rud/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	律	律
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǜ	lǜ
Middle Chinese	‹ lwit ›	‹ lwit ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ut/	/*[r]ut/
English	law, rule (n.)	不律 writing brush (pron. in Wú 吳 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.