Wiktionary

性

性 U+6027, 性
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6027
← 怦
[U+6026] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 怨 →
[U+6028]

TranslingualEdit

Stroke order
 

Han characterEdit

性 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 心竹手一 (PHQM), four-corner 95010, composition ⿰忄生)

Derived charactersEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • KangXi: page 381, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10478
  • Dae Jaweon: page 710, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2286, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+6027

ChineseEdit

simp. and trad.
 性

Glyph originEdit

Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sleŋs): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs) – nature, personal quality, hence of the heart.

EtymologyEdit

Derived from 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs, “to live; to be born; innate”).

PronunciationEdit

Note:
  • sáng - colloquial;
  • séng - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • sèng - literary;
    • sìⁿ/sèⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 性命).
    Note: sin3 - limited, used in 慣性.
    Rime
    Character 性
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 心 (16)
    Final (韻) 清 (121)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 息正切
    Baxter sjengH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/siᴇŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/siɛŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/siæŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/siajŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/siɛŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/sĭɛŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/si̯ɛŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xìng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sing3
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 性
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		xìng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ sjengH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*seŋ-s/
    English nature

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 性
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 11358
    Phonetic
    component         		生
    Rime
    group         		耕
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		性
    Old
    Chinese         		/*sleŋs/

    DefinitionsEdit

    性

    1. nature; character; personality
    2. sex; gender
    3. (grammar) gender
    4. sexual intercourse
    5. -ness; -ity (suffix forming nouns and adjectives, denoting qualities)

    CompoundsEdit

    Derived terms from 性

    DescendantsEdit

    Sino-Xenic (性):
    • → Japanese: 性(せい) (sei); 性(しょう) (shō)
    • → Korean: 성(性) (seong)
    • → Vietnamese: tính (性)

    Others:

    • → Tangut: 𗵤 (*sjij¹)

    ReferencesEdit

    JapaneseEdit

    KanjiEdit

    性

    (grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. one's nature
    2. characteristic
    3. sex, gender
    4. content

    ReadingsEdit

    CompoundsEdit

    Compounds

    Etymology 1Edit

    Kanji in this term
    性
    しょう
    Grade: 5
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 性 (MC siᴇŋH, “nature of something, inherent quality”).

    The goon, so the initial borrowing.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    性(しょう) • (shō) ←しやう (syau)?

    1. the nature of something

    Etymology 2Edit

    Kanji in this term
    性
    せい
    Grade: 5
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 性 (MC siᴇŋH, “nature of something, inherent quality”).

    The kan'on, so a later borrowing.

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    性(せい) • (sei) 

    1. sex, gender
    2. (grammar) gender
    SynonymsEdit

    SuffixEdit

    性(せい) • (-sei) 

    1. -ity, -ness, the nature of quality or something
    See alsoEdit

    Etymology 3Edit

    Kanji in this term
    性
    さが
    Grade: 5
    kun’yomi

    Probably from Old Japanese, although the ultimate derivation is unknown. Appears in The Tale of Genji and The Tales of Ise of the Heian period.[3]

    Alternative formsEdit

    PronunciationEdit

    NounEdit

    性(さが) • (saga) 

    1. one's nature
    2. characteristic
    SynonymsEdit

    ReferencesEdit

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
    3. ^ 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan

    KoreanEdit

    HanjaEdit

    性 (eumhun 성품 성 (seongpum seong))

    1. Hanja form? of 성 (“nature; character; sex”).
    2. Hanja form? of 성 (“-ness; -ity (suffix forming nouns and adjectives, denoting qualities)”).

    VietnameseEdit

    Han characterEdit

    性: Hán Nôm readings: tính, dính, tánh

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